Explore Networking in the Cloud
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\nStart Here
\nIn CCA 610: Cloud Services and Technology, you assumed the role of an IT analyst
\nat BallotOnline, a company providing electronic voting solutions worldwide. Your
\nproposal to begin migrating systems to the cloud has been approved.
\nBallotOnline has now initiated preparations for the cloud deployment. The
\ncompany decided to start with deeper investigations of crucial technologies
\nenabling cloud computing. You became acquainted with the basics of these
\ntechnologies in CCA 610.
\nIn this project ( help with nursing paper writing from experts with MSN & DNP degrees), you will conduct more in-depth investigation of cloud networking,
\nwhich makes cloud connectivity on-demand operations possible. You need to have
\na good understanding of this as you prepare the BallotOnline network for migration
\nto the cloud as well as designing the appropriate network infrastructure in the
\ncloud for BallotOnline.
\nTo do that, you will assume the role of a BallotOnline network engineer. You will
\nexplore the network protocols that enable the company and its customers to
\nconnect to the cloud, as well as technologies making it possible to create ondemand in-cloud virtual networks into which the cloud resources will be deployed.
\nStep1: Review Networking Concepts
\nIn this step, you will establish an understanding of networking concepts and terms.
\nIt will help the recipients of your technical report, including BallotOnline’s technical
\nmanagement, to become familiar with networking vocabulary and definitions.
\nYou will start with reviewing basic networking concepts such as local area network
\n(LAN), Ethernet, and packet switching\u2014the technique of splitting transmitted data
\ninto smaller portions and transmitting them separately.
\nSplitting data into packets, transmitting the packets reliably, and reassembling the
\ndata is performed by networking software. It is important to know about basic
\nnetworking concepts since they serve as the underlying technology for cloud
\ncomputing. This will ultimately prepare you to submit your technical report for this
\nproject ( help with nursing paper writing from experts with MSN & DNP degrees).
\nNetworking software follows the popular model of layered design of network
\nprotocols, with each layer using the functionality of the layer below it and
\nimplementing new functionality to be used by the layer above. The technical report
\nshould include the popular internet suite of protocols\u2014TCP\/IP. Application
\nprotocols such as HTTP or SMTP are implemented in layers above TCP\/IP.
\nOther basic networking concepts include Domain Name Service, network firewalls,
\nand Network Address Translation. As the network engineer for BallotOnline, you
\nknow that these protocols play an important role in enabling cloud computing.
\nNow that you have completed your overview, move to the next step, where you will
\ntake a closer look at the main protocol of the internet.
\nStep2: Explore Internet Packet Switching\u2014IP
\nThe Internet Protocol (IP) is the workhorse of today’s internet connectivity. As the
\nnetwork engineer for BallotOnline, you know that today’s cloud computing is built
\non top of IP. Most communication between systems in the cloud is done using this
\nprotocol.
\nIP employs the technique of packet switching, which breaks the data to be
\ntransmitted into smaller parts, called packets or datagrams, that are sent over the
\nnetwork independently. Understanding IP is crucial to designing and maintaining
\ncloud deployments, which are provisioned within virtual IP networks and accessed
\nvia global internet. You will review the basic elements of IP protocol and include
\ntheir brief discussion in your technical report.
\nNetwork devices have a network address to allow other devices to connect to it.
\nThe network addresses used in IP are called IP addressing. BallotOnline will need
\nIPv4 addressing to be able to provide network addresses to a cloud system and to
\ncreate a virtual network in the cloud.
\nEvery system on the network must have an IP address. The assignments of IP
\naddresses to the network systems can be done manually or dynamically through
\na Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server. As the network engineer
\nfor BallotOnline, you know that manually assigning IP addresses is time-consuming
\nand should only be used on a small number of systems where the IP address will
\nnot change frequently.
\nBecause numeric addresses are not human-friendly, a domain\/machine naming
\nconvention defines human-readable names for internet hosts. An internet-based
\nservice called DNS (Domain Name System) provides translation between the IP
\naddresses and the domain names. In general, people will use the domain names
\nwhen addressing a system on the internet instead of using its IP address. You will
\nneed to explain in the technical report how DNS is used alongside IP addresses.
\nAs the network engineer for BallotOnline, you also know the importance of IP
\nrouting, the mechanism used to route the IP packets across the internet from the
\nsender to the recipient. IP routing of IP packets is accomplished by network
\nrouters, which determine the next destination for each packet and are able to learn
\nnew routes.
\nIn the next step, you will take a closer look at Transmission Control Protocol (TCP),
\nanother key cloud component.
\nStep 3: Investigate Internet Transport\u2014TCP
\nAs robust as the IP protocol is, it does not perform the actual transmission of the
\ndata. In this step, you will investigate the network protocol called Transmission
\nControl Protocol (TCP), responsible for creation, reliability of delivery, and proper
\nassembling of data packets.
\nIn addition to IP, TCP is also widely used on the internet, especially for any network
\ncommunication where it is essential to confirm receipt of the transmission. Many
\nof the network protocols used to implement cloud computing use both TCP and IP.
\nYou will review TCP\u2019s workings and discuss them in your final technical report.
\nIn general, there is no guarantee that a data packet will reach its destination.
\nPackets can get lost or corrupted during transmission, and there are network
\napplications where you need assurance that the packets have reached their
\ndestination. To achieve reliability, TCP establishes connections between
\ncommunicating hosts, using port numbers to refer to applications on these hosts.
\nThen, packets are created, sequenced, transmitted, acknowledged, and
\nretransmitted if missing or containing errors. Finally, at the destination, they are
\nreassembled into the original messages.
\nTo synchronize the flow of packets between sender and receiver, and avoid packet
\ncongestion in case of varying speeds, TCP uses sliding windows for packets
\nremaining in processing at a given time, at both the sender and receiver ends.
\nIn the next step, you will look into subnetting BallotOnline\u2019s IP addresses.
\nStep 4: Review Advantages of IP Subnetting
\nOne of the drawbacks of IPv4 is the maximum number of network devices it can
\nsupport. IPv4 addressing uses a 32-bit network address. This allows for 232,, or a
\nlittle over 4 billion devices. However, today there are significantly more devices on
\nthe internet. Even though the more robust IPv6 version has been introduced and
\nefforts are under way to assure wide adoption, IPv4 is still widely used.
\nOne method used to more efficiently use the IPv4 network addresses is a
\ntechnique to optimize the addresses by splitting them into network addresses and
\nhost addresses within designated networks. You will need to take advantage of IP
\naddress splitting so that you can efficiently use and allocate the IPv4 network
\naddresses that have been assigned to BallotOnline.
\nFor a given large network, rather than addressing all the hosts using the host part
\nof the address, subnetting allows for splitting the network into several smaller
\nones by borrowing the host part bits and adding them to the network bits. It
\nsupports efficient management of local networks composed of multiple LANs. In
\nthis step, you will investigate subnetting conventions and discuss them in your
\nfinal report in order to lay ground for the use of subnets by BallotOnline.
\nAs the network engineer for BallotOnline, you know that subnetting a network into
\nseveral smaller and variable-sized networks will be best for the organization’s
\nneeds. BallotOnline has been assigned a network address block by the Internet
\nAssigned Numbers Authority (IANA).
\nBecause BallotOnline has several offices around the world, you will need to subnet
\nthis network address to assign just the right number of addresses to each office
\nlocation based on the number of systems at that office location (the network
\naddress assigned by IANA and the number of offices along with their sizes will be
\nprovided in the announcement section of this class at the beginning of week 2 [Essay writing service – your education, our expertise: Get any assignment done with our professional essay writers before your deadlines – Zero AI, Human experts and Fast delivery.]).
\nYour task is to create the appropriate number of subnets with the right size to
\noptimize the network.
\nYour technical report should include Classless Interdomain Routing
\n(CIDR) notation, which allows for specifying a variable-length network as part of
\nthe IPv4 address, leaving the rest for addressing hosts within the network.
\nSubmit the network information in the submission box below.
\nCapture and Analyze Network Traffic
\nTranscript
\nCCA625 Project 1 Step 5
\nAnother skill that you will need as the network engineer for BallotOnline is being
\nable to capture network traffic. It\u2019s important to analyze network traffic to find and
\ntroubleshoot network issues. This method is commonly used to identify a
\nmalfunctioning network device or to detect a possible network issue, such as an
\nongoing network attack. Normally, this process can take hours, days, or even
\nweeks, depending on the size of the network and the specific traffic that you are
\ntrying to capture and analyze. In this scenario, you will be provided with a
\ncaptured network traffic and you will be directed to look for specific network
\npackets.
\nYou will use Wireshark, a popular open-source network traffic capture and analysis
\ntool. To analyze the capture file provided to you, here is an introductory tutorial.
\nFollow the steps in the Analyzing Network Traffic Using Wireshark Guide and
\nprepare a lab report with answers and screenshots to support your answers. The
\nlab report will be attached to your final technical report to demonstrate your
\nproficiency in using the tool to do basic network analysis.
\nIn the next step, you will look at standards for software-defined networking.
\nExplore Networks Inside the Cloud\u2014SDN
\nCloud computing defines network resources as needing to be “rapidly provisioned
\nand released with minimal management effort or service provider
\ninteraction” (Mell & Grance, 2011), As cloud networks developed, it was clear that
\nfurther virtualization of network devices such as switches and routers was needed.
\nThis led to what is known as software-defined networking (SDN) technology,
\nenabling programmatic interfaces to control functions of these devices. You know
\nthat it will be important for management to understand how SDN supports cloud
\ndeployments like BallotOnline’s, so it will be a key part of your technical report.
\nInstead of manually programming network devices to configure a LAN, cloud
\nmanagement systems using SDN can set these devices up to forward packets to
\nparticular destinations by \u201ccalling\u201d SDN APIs (application programming interfaces
\n\u2013 libraries of software routines). This allows for the creation of virtual networks in
\nthe cloud by software.
\nThe most popular SDN standard is OpenFlow by the Open Networking
\nFoundation. OpenFlow switches include SDN controllers, which maintain flow
\ntables to control forwarding of IP datagrams, and they can learn routes as IP
\npackets when particular source and destination addresses arrive.
\nReferences
\nMell, P., & Grance, T. (2011). SP 800-145: The NIST definition of cloud computing.
\nRetrieved from https:\/\/csrc.nist.gov\/publications\/detail\/sp\/800-145\/final
\nOnce you participate in the discussion below, proceed to the next step. There, you
\nwill use a network simulator to show how packets are transmitted.
\nSoftware-Defined Network Discussion
\nDiscuss what software-defined networking is and what networking challenges it
\naddresses. What is the role of OpenFlow protocol? Describe how BallotOnline
\ncould benefit from SDN in its cloud deployment.
\nOnce you have submitted your post, make sure your response advances the
\nconversation. Do not simply agree or disagree with a post, but instead explain the
\nreasons for your opinions and how they relate to your experiences.
\nSimulate a Network With Mininet
\nTranscript
\nCCA625 Project 1 Step 7
\nTo demonstrate your understanding how network packets are transmitted in the
\ncloud, you will use Mininet, a popular open-source network simulator that can be
\nused together with Wireshark. This demonstration will be part of your technical
\nreport. Follow the steps in this Simulating a Network Using Mininet and Analyzing
\nPackets Using Wireshark Guide.
\nPlease be sure to review the AWS Academy Learner Labs Student Guide.
\nDuring the lab, you will provision an EC2 instance in AWS using a
\npreconfigured AWS Machine Image (AMI) and use the Mininet simulator in the EC2
\ninstance to create two hosts. You will then use Wireshark to capture the packet
\nexchanges.
\nYou will prepare a lab report as per the lab guide and attach it to your final
\ntechnical report.
\nSubmit Networking in the Cloud Technical Report
\nAs your final submission, you will write a technical report about networking in the
\ncloud. It will be addressed to BallotOnline technical managers to help them
\nunderstand how these networking technologies will be implemented as
\nBallotOnline migrates to the cloud.
\nIt will include technical review of the topic (sample nursing essay examples by the best nursing assignment writing service)s covered in the project ( help with nursing paper writing from experts with MSN & DNP degrees). Follow
\nthe Networking in the Cloud Technical Report Template to cover all the topic (sample nursing essay examples by the best nursing assignment writing service)s
\nrequired. Make sure you provide headings to clearly identify sections of your
\nreport. The technical review part of the report should be eight to 12 pages. You
\nshould also include both Project 1 lab reports, with incorporated feedback from
\nSteps 5 and 7 if any.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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