Endometriosis
\n\u2022\tPathophysiology
\nIn endometriosis, the endometrium, the tissue that lines the interior of the uterus, develops outside of the uterus. Ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the tissue lining the pelvic are the areas most frequently impacted by endometriosis. Other body regions like the bladder, bowel, or rectum can also develop endometriosis. During the menstrual cycle, the endometrium thickens and sheds each month if pregnancy does not occur. In endometriosis, this same process occurs, but the endometrial tissue that is outside the uterus has no way to exit the body. This leads to inflammation, scarring, and the development of adhesions (abnormal tissue that binds organs together).<\/p>\n
Endometriosis can range in severity, with some women experiencing mild cases with minimal symptoms, while others may have severe cases with significant pain and fertility problems. It is not clear what causes endometriosis, but it is thought to be related to hormonal imbalances and immune system dysfunction.<\/p>\n
Symptoms of endometriosis may include pelvic pain, particularly during periods, painful sex, and difficulty getting pregnant. The diagnosis of endometriosis is typically made through a combination of a medical history, physical exam, and imaging tests.<\/p>\n
Treatment options for endometriosis may include medications to manage pain and hormone therapy to reduce the growth of endometrial tissue. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the endometrial tissue and repair any damage caused by the disease.
\n\u2022
\nSigns and symptoms:
\nCommon symptoms of endometriosis are:
\n1.\tPelvic pain, ranging from mild to severe
\n2.\tPain during or after sex
\n3.\tPain with urination or bowel movements
\n4.\tExcessive bleeding during menstruation
\n5.\tInfertility
\n\u2022\tRisk factors:
\nSeveral factors may increase the risk of endometriosis, including:
\n1.\tFamily history: If you have a close relative (mother, sister, aunt, etc.) with endometriosis, you are more likely to develop the condition.
\n2.\tAge: Endometriosis is most common in women in their 30s and 40s, but it can occur at any age.
\n3.\tReproductive history: Women who have yet to give birth are at higher risk of endometriosis.
\n4.\tCertain medical conditions: Women with certain medical conditions, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or immune system disorders, are at higher risk of endometriosis.
\n\u2022\tPreventative screening:
\nThere is no sure way to prevent endometriosis, but there are some things that may reduce your risk. These include:
\n1.\tExercising regularly
\n2.\tEating a healthy diet
\n3.\tAvoiding smoking
\n\u2022\tDiagnostic tests:
\nNo one test can diagnose endometriosis. The Physician may recommend the following tests:
\n1.\tPelvic exam: The pelvic exam, checks for abnormalities in the pelvic organs.
\n2.\tUltrasound: An ultrasound is used through sound waves to create a picture of the pelvic organs.
\n3.\tLaparoscopy: In a laparoscopy, the doctor will insert a small camera into the abdomen to look for signs of endometriosis.
\n\u2022\tTreatment:
\nThere is still no cure for endometriosis, however there are treatments that can help relieve the symptoms. These include:
\n1.\tPain relievers. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen can help relieve pain caused by endometriosis.
\n2.\tHormone therapy: Hormone therapy can help reduce the amount of endometrial tissue.
\n3.\tSurgery: Surgery to remove endometrial tissue can help relieve pain and improve fertility.
\n\u2022\tMultidimensional nursing care interventions:
\nNurses play a vital role in the care of patients with endometriosis. Interventions may include:
\n1.\tEducation: Nurses can provide patients with information about endometriosis, its symptoms, and treatment.
\n2.\tSupport: Nurses can provide emotional support to patients dealing with the pain and other symptoms of endometriosis.
\n3.\tAdvocacy: Nurses can advocate for patients with endometriosis by working to raise awareness of the condition and its effects.<\/p>\n
References
\nMohamed, A. (2021). Endometriosis: Causes, Complications, and Treatment. Healthline. Retrieved 14 April 2022, from https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/endometriosis#treatment.
\nParasar, P., Ozcan, P., & Terry, K. L. (2017). Endometriosis: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Clinical Management. Current obstetrics and gynecology reports, 6(1), 34-41. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13669-017-0187-1<\/p>\n
Introduction<\/p>\n
Anxiety in some situations is normal. In fact, it is a normal stress response. It can alert us to
\npotential risks, help us plan, and focus our attention (Morgan, 2020). Excessive fear or anxiety,
\nas opposed to natural feelings of apprehension or concern, is the hallmark of anxiety disorders.
\nAbout one-third of all individuals will experience an anxiety disorder at some point in their lives,
\nmaking it the most common mental condition. Obsessions, compulsions, or both that are severe enough to impair social, occupational, or other essential aspects of functioning are among the signs of OCD (Morgan, 2020). Even though the activity is excessive or unreasonable, the individual feels obligated to keep doing it since it makes them feel better, and the act lessens the suffering it causes (Morgan, 2020). Hand washing, ordering, checking, praying, counting, and silently repeating sentences are common compulsions (Morgan, 2020). In the videos, there are some solid indications that Lauren has a social anxiety disorder and an obsessive-compulsive disorder.
\nDescribe at least three clinical signs of Anxiety observed in the videos.
\nLauren is seen biting her nails several times in the video. Anxiety or stress can be expressed
\nthrough nail biting (Cedars Sinai, 2020). According to Cedars Sinai, some individuals seem to
\nfind comfort in the repetitive behavior when confronted with difficult emotions (2020). Lauren
\navoided making eye contact with the interviewer, a typical cognitive sign of social anxiety.
\nSocial anxiety was also reflected in Lauren’s mention of ongoing nervousness about saying the
\nwrong thing and discomfort when delivering a presentation to a group.
\nDescribe at least three Obsessive-Compulsive behaviors observed in the videos.
\nLauren appears to be suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder in addition to her social
\nanxiety behavior (OCD). OCD symptoms include chewing nails and playing with the ends of one’s hair. Her obsessive-compulsive thoughts forced her to make her grandfather breakfast daily
\nby 9 am; otherwise, her day was ruined. According to Lauren, the only time she missed making
\nhis breakfast at 9 am resulted in her body shaking, constant hand tapping, and overall discomfort
\nbecause she was worried about her grandfather. Lauren also disliked when things were uneven.
\nShe noticed when things like someone\u2019s shoelaces were uneven and regularly counted the
\nnumber of students in her class, including herself, to 17. If she saw that someone\u2019s shoelaces
\nwere uneven, Lauren would either says it in her head or write it down to ease the anxiety felt.
\nAlso, if the number of students counted did not equal 17, Lauren became concerned. These
\nissues date back to her childhood when she would, for example, count the number of cars on the
\nstreet and make her mother go back if they were uneven.
\nExplain at least three therapeutic communication techniques used by the nurse in the
\nvideos.
\nAsking open-ended questions, restating for clarification, and encouraging description of
\nperception are three therapeutic communication techniques practiced by the nurse in the videos.
\nThe nurse employed the open-ended question technique when she asked Lauren if there were any
\nthoughts she found repeating for her over and over, or any particular kinds of worries. Asking an
\nopen-ended question gives the client a reason to talk about something other than what they’re
\nsaying (Jawad, 2017). The nurse’s open-ended question was helpful to Lauren because it enabled
\nher to freely share problems so that the nurse could provide her with knowledge, resources, and
\nguidance. Restating, a second therapeutic communication used by the nurse in the video occurred
\nwhen the nurse repeated Lauren\u2019s statement, \u201cUmm\u2026 Uh\u2026 that umm\u2026 I might say something
\nwrong,\u201d by rephrasing. By restating Lauren\u2019s statement differently, the nurse allowed Lauren to
\nclarify and continue her thought (Morgan, 2020). A third therapeutic communication technique used by the nurse in the video was \u201cencouraging description of perception.\u201d By asking, “is there
\na reason to be concerned about your grandfather?” the nurse encouraged Lauren to describe her
\nconcerns about her grandfather (Morgan, 2020). According to Morgan, asking patients to
\nverbalize their perceptions helps them develop awareness and understanding (2020).
\nDiscuss at least two nursing interventions appropriate for Lauren. Support your choices
\nwith rationales.
\nOne appropriate nursing interventions for a patient suffering from anxiety and OCD like Lauren
\ninclude discussing with the client signs of increasing anxiety and techniques for interrupting the
\nresponse, such as breathing exercises, thought stopping, relaxation, and meditation. According to
\nGulanick and Meyers, maladaptive behaviors are manifested during times of increased anxiety
\n(2021). Safety promotion is another appropriate intervention. The nurse accomplishes this by
\nassessing risks for self-harm and suicide and inspecting the client\u2019s area of dangerous items. Another Intervention is encouraged Lauren to share the seemingly unnatural fears and feelings with others, especially to a nurse therapist. Once the client begins to acknowledge and talk about these fears, it becomes apparent that the feelings are manageable.<\/p>\n
References<\/p>\n
Cedars Sinai. (2020). How to Stop Nail Biting. https:\/\/www.cedars-sinai.org\/blog\/stop-nailbiting.html
\nGulanick, M., & Myers, J. L. (n.d.). Nursing care plans. Nursing Care Plans – 10th Edition.
\nRetrieved July 21, 2022, from https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/books\/nursing-careplans\/gulanick\/978-0-323-71118-0
\nJawad Hashim M. Patient-centered communication: Basic skills. Am Fam Physician.
\n2017;95(1):29-34.
\nMorgan, K. I. (2020). Davis Advantage for Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, 10th Edition.
\n[[VitalSource Bookshelf version]]. Retrieved from vbk:\/\/9781719645140<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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