Lamar University The Health Belief Model Analysis Essay
\nLamar University The Health Belief Model Analysis Essay<\/p>\n
Chapter 3<\/p>\n
Classify each model by listing the category it is in and summarize the basic purpose\/definition of each of the following models. Classify as: Individual (intrapersonal), interpersonal, community or cultural. Reference the resource used within the text as an internal reference and at the end in the Reference list in full APA format. Lamar University The Health Belief Model Analysis Essay<\/p>\n
TEMPLATE<\/p>\n
Community Wellness Model
\nCategory<\/p>\n
Definition\/Purpose<\/p>\n
Internal Reference<\/p>\n
HEALTHY PLAN-IT (CDC, 2000)
\nCategory<\/p>\n
Definition\/Purpose<\/p>\n
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\nInternal Reference<\/p>\n
Healthy Communities and\/or Healthy Cities and\/or Healthy People in Healthy Communities (USDHHS)
\nCategory<\/p>\n
Definition\/Purpose<\/p>\n
Internal Reference<\/p>\n
MAPP Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) by National Association of County and City Health Officials
\nCategory<\/p>\n
Definition\/Purpose<\/p>\n
Internal Reference<\/p>\n
MATCH Multilevel Approach to Community Health by Simons-Morton, Simons-Morton, Parcel & Bunker, 1988
\nCategory<\/p>\n
Definition\/Purpose<\/p>\n
Internal Reference<\/p>\n
References<\/p>\n
CHAPTER 3 The Health Belief Model Historical Perspectives \u2022 Early 1952: U.S. Public Health Service hired G. Hochbaum to study the reasons for low participation in TB screening programs \u2022 Geoffrey Hochbaum, along with Stephen Kegels and Irwin Rosenstock, proposed the basic health belief model (HBM) in the late 1950s \u2022 Expanded in the 1980s by Becker \u2022 Based on general principles of value expectancy\u2014desire to avoid sickness (value), belief in availability of preventive tools (expectancy) Constructs of the HBM Figure 3-1: Constructs of the health belief model.<\/p>\n
Constructs of the HBM \u2022 Perceived susceptibility: Belief of a person regarding the possibility of acquiring a disease or harmful state as a result of a particular behavior \u2022 Define population at risk (apply descriptive epidemiology) \u2022 Personalize risk (discussion, role play, simulation, case study) \u2022 Consistent with actual risk (apply analytical epidemiology) Constructs of the HBM (cont\u2019d) \u2022 Perceived severity: Belief of a person regarding the extent of harm that can result from the acquired disease or harmful state as a result of a particular behavior \u2013 Specify consequences of the risk and the condition (lecture, discussion, selfreflection, case study, case narration, video presentation) Constructs of the HBM (cont\u2019d) \u2022 Perceived benefits: Belief of a person regarding the usefulness of the methods suggested for reducing risk or seriousness of the disease or harmful state resulting from a particular behavior \u2013 Define action to take (clear steps, specific demonstration, re-demonstration) \u2013 Clarify the positive effects to be expected (discussion, lecture, self-reading, video presentation, computer-aided presentation) Constructs of the HBM (cont\u2019d) \u2022 Perceived barriers: Belief of a person regarding actual and imagined costs of performing the new behavior \u2022 Reassurance (one-on-one counseling, case study, discussion, active listening) \u2022 Correction of misinformation (lecture, video presentation, role play) \u2022 Incentives (tangible and intangible aids, verbal encouragement, case accounts) \u2022 Helpance (providing services, transportation) Constructs of the HBM (cont\u2019d) Lamar University The Health Belief Model Analysis Essay<\/p>\n
\u2022 Cues to action: Precipitating force that makes the person feel the need to take action \u00a9 microvector\/Shutterstock \u2013 Provide how-to information (lecture, demonstration, re-demonstration, role play) \u2013 Employ reminder system (buddy system, log, diary, Post-it notes) Constructs of the HBM (cont\u2019d) \u2022 Self-efficacy: Belief or confidence in performing a behavior \u00a9 Eskemar\/Shutterstock \u2013 Provide training in small steps (demonstration, re-demonstration) \u2013 Progressive goal setting (self-reflection, diary) \u2013 Verbal reinforcement (one-on-one counseling) \u2013 Reduce anxiety (stress management techniques) Applications of HBM \u2022 Screening behaviors (TB, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, influenza vaccinations, Tay-Sachs disease, high blood pressure, etc.) \u2022 Preventive behaviors (seat belt use, smoking cessation, physician visiting, etc.) \u2022 Health promotion behaviors (exercise, healthy nutrition, etc.) \u2022 Treatment compliance behaviors (diabetes, endstage renal disease, bronchial asthma, weight loss, etc.) Specific Examples of HBM HBM\u2019s Application to Stress Management<\/p>\n
\u2022 Perceived susceptibility: If we believe that stress has the potential to produce some negative consequences for us, then it is likely that we will act to reduce stress in our lives. Therefore, the health educator attempts to build activities that help the participants personalize the possibility of negative outcomes due to stress (lecture, discussion, role play, simulation). HBM and Stress Management (cont\u2019d) \u2022 Perceived severity: If we believe that stress has the potential to produce serious negative consequences, such as heart disease, for us, then it is likely that we will act to reduce stress in our lives. Therefore, the health educator informs (lecture) and helps participants personalize the seriousness of negative outcomes due to stress (discussion, self-reflection). HBM and Stress Management (cont\u2019d) \u2022 Perceived benefits: If we believe that by learning stress management techniques, such as relaxation, we will benefit, then it is likely that we will perform these new behaviors. Therefore, the health educator helps the participants appreciate the benefits of learning stress management techniques (discussion, lecture, role play, simulation, one-on-one counseling, peers, case study).<\/p>\n
HBM and Stress Management (cont\u2019d) \u2022 Perceived barriers: If we can reassure ourselves that applying stress management techniques have minimal expense on our part and maximal benefit in the long run, then it is likely that we will perform these new behaviors. Therefore, the health educator helps the participants grasp the understanding of barriers (lecture, discussion, role play, simulation). HBM and Stress Management (cont\u2019d) \u2022 Cues to action: If we can identify our personal stressors that trigger the negative consequences for us, then it is likely that we will perform the new behaviors that reduce stress in our lives. Therefore, the health educator helps the participants identify triggers to stress (diary, log, worksheets, Post-it notes). HBM and Stress Management (cont\u2019d) \u2022 Self-efficacy: If we can practice new stress management behaviors (e.g., assertiveness, relaxation, cognitive restructuring) in small steps and demonstrate that we have acquired mastery over these new behaviors, then it is likely that we will perform these new behaviors. So the health educator arranges for practice sessions (demonstrations, re-demonstrations, observational learning methods, role models).<\/p>\n
Application of HBM to Safer Sex Figure 3-2: How the health belief model can be used to modify sexual behavior in youth to promote safer sex. Strengths of HBM \u2022 \u2022 \u2022 \u2022 Only model from health field Tested extensively Simple and easy to understand Parsimonious, not unmanageable number of constructs \u2022 Can be applied to both one-time and long-term behaviors \u00a9 Arthimedes\/Shutterstock \u00a9 Vectorvault\/Shutterstock Limitations of HBM \u2022 Model lacks consistent predictive power mainly because it focuses on a limited number of factors; factors other than health beliefs (such as cultural factors, socioeconomic status, previous experiences, etc.) also shape health behaviors but are not accounted for in the model \u2022 Measurement error in operationalization \u2022 Cross-sectional data\u2019s failure to provide evidence of temporality Limitations of HBM (cont\u2019d) \u2022 Comparative studies are few and lacking \u2022 Need to understand relative importance of constructs \u2022 Need to use behavioral anchors in articulating questions, for example, \u201cIf you do not practice safer sex, how likely are you to become infected with HIV\/AIDS?\u201d as opposed to \u201cHow likely are you to become infected with HIV\/AIDS?\u201d Lamar University The Health Belief Model Analysis Essay<\/p>\n
Application Exercise \u2022 One HBM example is the development of an instrument for breast cancer screening behaviors by Champion (1993). \u2022 She delimited her instrument development parameters to the constructs of the health belief model, namely, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and selfefficacy. \u2022 She developed items for each construct and used a Likert scale. Application Exercise (cont\u2019d) \u2022 She established construct validity of the scale through a panel of national experts. \u2022 She established construct validity by factor analysis. \u2022 Cronbach\u2019s alpha reliability coefficients for various construct scales ranged from 0.80 to 0.93. \u2022 Test-retest correlations ranged from 0.45 to 0.70. \u2022 Locate the full-text article for this study and prepare a 250-word critique. Websites to Explore<\/p>\n
\u2022 Health Belief Model \u2013 http:\/\/std.about.com\/od\/education\/a\/healthbelief.htm<\/p>\n
\u2022 Meta-analysis of HBM \u2013 http:\/\/her.oxfordjournals.org\/cgi\/content\/abstract\/7\/1 \/107 \u2022 Reflections on the Health Belief Model \u2013 http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/6392204 \u2022 University of Twente: Health belief model \u2013 http:\/\/www.cw.utwente.nl\/ Skill Building Activity \u2022 Identify at least two strengths of the example of application of HBM to stress management. \u2022 Identify at least two weaknesses of the example of application of HBM to stress management. \u2022 Discuss the strengths and weaknesses and ways of application of HBM to specific chosen health behaviors. Lamar University The Health Belief Model Analysis Essa<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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