. The Ministry of Health is faced with the problem of low uptake of covid-19 vaccines. Suppose you are hired to offer research consultancy on this phenomenon, which is translated into a research problem: \u201cAnalyzing the determinants of the uptake of COVID 19 vaccines: a case study of Lusaka- Zambia\u201d,and using the Health Belief Model which explains the failure of people to adopt disease prevention strategies or screening tests for early detection of disease.<\/p>\n
The Health Belief Model derives from psychological and behavioral theory, and it offers six constructs to explain the phenomenon:<\/p>\n
\u00a7 Perceived susceptibility: Person\u2019s subjective perception of the risk of acquiring an illness or disease.<\/p>\n
\u00a7 Perceived severity: Person\u2019s feelings on the seriousness of contracting an illness or disease.<\/p>\n
\u00a7 Perceived benefits: person\u2019s perception of the effectiveness of various actions available to reduce the threat of illness or disease.<\/p>\n
\u00a7 Perceived barriers: person\u2019s feelings on obstacles to performing a recommended health action.<\/p>\n
\u00a7 Cue action: Stimulus needed to trigger the decision making process to accept the recommended health action.<\/p>\n
\u00a7 Self-efficacy: The level of a person\u2019s confidence in their ability to successfully perform the desired and\/or recommended behavior.<\/p>\n
Part I:Questions:<\/p>\n
i. State any two research objectives for the phenomenon highlighted above ii. State any two research questions based on the objectives mentioned above iii. State any hypothesis for this study<\/p>\n
iv.Develop a conceptual framework based on the variables highlighted above to demonstrate the relationship between the dependent variable [uptake of COVID-19 vaccines] and the independent [Predictor] variables listed above.<\/p>\n
2. Research Philosophy: Whether you are consciously aware of them or not, at every stage in your research you will make a number of ontological, epistemological and axiological assumptions (Burrell and Morgan, 1979). Briefly show the application of research philosophy in natural and social sciences by clearly stating the ontological, epistemological and axiological assumptions under each science.<\/p>\n
Assumption Types<\/p>\n
Positivism: Objectivism [Natural Science]<\/p>\n
Interpretivism: Subjectivism [Social Science]<\/p>\n
Ontology<\/p>\n
What is the nature of reality?<\/p>\n
Ontological philosophical position?<\/p>\n
What is the world like?<\/p>\n
Epistemology<\/p>\n
What is considered acceptable legitimate knowledge?<\/p>\n
What constitutes good quality data?<\/p>\n
What kinds of contribution to knowledge can be made?<\/p>\n
Axiology<\/p>\n
What is the role of values in research?<\/p>\n
Typical Methods<\/p>\n
3. Research Designs:<\/p>\n
Identify and briefly explain the appropriate sampling design for each of the following social research phenomena and show their implementation respectively. Provide practical explanations and make valid assumptions in order to support your answer.<\/p>\n
A. Qualitative research:<\/p>\n
i. To study community traditional child birth practices causing infant mortality<\/p>\n
ii. To study the cholera situation in a given well defined location<\/p>\n
iii. To study cultural practices or a way of life of an ethnic group<\/p>\n
iv. To study a new phenomenon emerging in a population<\/p>\n
v. To build a theory explaining the suicide phenomenon<\/p>\n
B. Quantitative research-Experiments and Surveys:<\/p>\n
i. To study a proposed vaccine for COVID19 in clinical research ii. To study the association of smoking and lung cancer using a chi-squared test iii. To study the effectiveness of a Malaria drug in a given community<\/p>\n
iv. To study the effects of population growth on agricultural productivity within a rural agro-based population<\/p>\n
v. To study the prevalence of STIs in a population<\/p>\n
4.Sampling designs:<\/p>\n
Identify and briefly explain the appropriate sampling design for each of the following social research phenomena and show their implementation respectively. Provide practical explanations and make valid assumptions in order to support your answer.<\/p>\n
i. To randomly study the prevalence of malaria in households in a given territory ii. To study the hunger situation in a systematic pattern within a given territory iii. To study poverty in a heterogeneous high, medium and low density population iv. To study farming practices implemented in different villages in a given region<\/p>\n
v. To study farming practices used in villages by randomly selecting respondents
\n1.\tThe Ministry of Health is faced with the problem of low uptake of covid-19 vaccines. Suppose you are hired to offer research consultancy on this phenomenon, which is translated into a research problem: \u201cAnalyzing the determinants of the uptake of COVID 19 vaccines: a case study of Lusaka- Zambia\u201d, and using the Health Belief Model which explains the failure of people to adopt disease prevention strategies or screening tests for early detection of disease.
\nThe Health Belief Model derives from psychological and behavioral theory, and it offers six constructs to explain the phenomenon:
\n\uf0a7\tPerceived susceptibility: Person\u2019s subjective perception of the risk of acquiring an illness or disease.
\n\uf0a7\tPerceived severity: Person\u2019s feelings on the seriousness of contracting an illness or disease.
\n\uf0a7\tPerceived benefits: person\u2019s perception of the effectiveness of various actions available to reduce the threat of illness or disease.
\n\uf0a7\tPerceived barriers: person\u2019s feelings on obstacles to performing a recommended health action.
\n\uf0a7\tCue action: Stimulus needed to trigger the decision making process to accept the recommended health action.
\n\uf0a7\tSelf-efficacy: The level of a person\u2019s confidence in their ability to successfully perform the desired and\/or recommended behavior.
\nPart I: Questions:
\ni. \tState any two research objectives for the phenomenon highlighted above ii. \tState any two research questions based on the objectives mentioned above iii. \tState any hypothesis for this study
\niv. Develop a conceptual framework based on the variables highlighted above to demonstrate the relationship between the dependent variable [uptake of COVID-19 vaccines] and the independent [Predictor] variables listed above.<\/p>\n
2.\tResearch Philosophy: Whether you are consciously aware of them or not, at every stage in your research you will make a number of ontological, epistemological and axiological assumptions (Burrell and Morgan, 1979). Briefly show the application of research philosophy in natural and social sciences by clearly stating the ontological, epistemological and axiological assumptions under each science.
\nAssumption Types \tPositivism: Objectivism [Natural Science] \tInterpretivism: Subjectivism [Social Science]
\nOntology<\/p>\n
What is the nature of reality?<\/p>\n
Ontological philosophical position?<\/p>\n
What is the world like?
\nEpistemology<\/p>\n
What is considered acceptable legitimate knowledge?<\/p>\n
What constitutes good quality data?<\/p>\n
What kinds of contribution to knowledge can be made?
\nAxiology<\/p>\n
What is the role of values in research?
\nTypical Methods<\/p>\n
3.\tResearch Designs:
\nIdentify and briefly explain the appropriate sampling design for each of the following social research phenomena and show their implementation respectively. Provide practical explanations and make valid assumptions in order to support your answer.<\/p>\n
A.\tQualitative research:
\ni.\tTo study community traditional child birth practices causing infant mortality
\nii.\tTo study the cholera situation in a given well defined location
\niii.\tTo study cultural practices or a way of life of an ethnic group
\niv.\tTo study a new phenomenon emerging in a population
\nv.\tTo build a theory explaining the suicide phenomenon<\/p>\n
B.\tQuantitative research-Experiments and Surveys:
\ni.\tTo study a proposed vaccine for COVID19 in clinical research ii. \tTo study the association of smoking and lung cancer using a chi-squared test iii. \tTo study the effectiveness of a Malaria drug in a given community
\niv.\tTo study the effects of population growth on agricultural productivity within a rural agro-based population
\nv.\tTo study the prevalence of STIs in a population<\/p>\n
4. Sampling designs:<\/p>\n
Identify and briefly explain the appropriate sampling design for each of the following social research phenomena and show their implementation respectively. Provide practical explanations and make valid assumptions in order to support your answer.<\/p>\n
i. \tTo randomly study the prevalence of malaria in households in a given territory ii. \tTo study the hunger situation in a systematic pattern within a given territory iii. \tTo study poverty in a heterogeneous high, medium and low density population iv. \tTo study farming practices implemented in different villages in a given region
\nv. \tTo study farming practices used in villages by randomly selecting respondents<\/p>\n
_____________________________<\/p>\n
Research objectives:
\nTo identify the factors that influence the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines in Lusaka, Zambia.
\nTo develop a model that can be used to predict the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines in Lusaka, Zambia.
\nResearch questions:
\nWhat are the perceived benefits of getting a COVID-19 vaccine?
\nWhat are the perceived barriers to getting a COVID-19 vaccine?
\nWhat are the personal characteristics of people who are more likely to get a COVID-19 vaccine?
\nWhat are the social and environmental factors that influence the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines?
\nHypothesis:
\nPeople who perceive the benefits of getting a COVID-19 vaccine to be greater than the barriers are more likely to get vaccinated.<\/p>\n
Here is a conceptual framework that demonstrates the relationship between the independent and dependent variables:
\nCode snippet<\/p>\n
Independent variables:
\n* Perceived susceptibility to COVID-19
\n* Perceived severity of COVID-19
\n* Perceived benefits of getting a COVID-19 vaccine
\n* Perceived barriers to getting a COVID-19 vaccine
\n* Cues to action
\n* Self-efficacy<\/p>\n
Dependent variable:
\n* Uptake of COVID-19 vaccines<\/p>\n
Use code with caution. Learn more<\/p>\n
The independent variables are factors that influence a person’s decision to get a COVID-19 vaccine. The dependent variable is the person’s actual decision to get a vaccine. The conceptual framework shows how the independent variables are related to the dependent variable.<\/p>\n
Research philosophy:<\/p>\n
In natural sciences, researchers often adopt a positivist philosophy. This means that they believe that the world is objective and that knowledge can be gained through objective methods, such as experiments and surveys. In social sciences, researchers often adopt an interpretive philosophy. This means that they believe that the world is subjective and that knowledge can be gained through subjective methods, such as interviews and focus groups.<\/p>\n
Research designs:<\/p>\n
Qualitative research is a research approach that seeks to understand the meaning of people’s experiences and actions. It is often used in social sciences, where the researcher is interested in understanding the subjective experiences of people. Qualitative research methods include interviews, focus groups, and participant observation.<\/p>\n
Quantitative research is a research approach that seeks to measure and quantify the relationships between variables. It is often used in natural sciences, where the researcher is interested in understanding the objective reality of the world. Quantitative research methods include experiments, surveys, and statistical analysis.<\/p>\n
The appropriate sampling design for a research study will depend on the research philosophy, research design, and the research questions. For example, a qualitative study that uses interviews would likely use a convenience sample, while a quantitative study that uses a survey would likely use a random sample.<\/p>\n
Sampling designs:<\/p>\n
The appropriate sampling design for a research study will depend on the research philosophy, research design, and the research questions. For example, a qualitative study that uses interviews would likely use a convenience sample, while a quantitative study that uses a survey would likely use a random sample.<\/p>\n
Here are some examples of appropriate sampling designs for the research phenomena listed in your question:<\/p>\n
Qualitative research:
\nTo study community traditional child birth practices causing infant mortality: A convenience sample of women who have recently given birth in the community could be interviewed.
\nTo study the cholera situation in a given well defined location: A convenience sample of people living in the location could be interviewed.
\nTo study cultural practices or a way of life of an ethnic group: A convenience sample of people from the ethnic group could be interviewed.
\nTo study a new phenomenon emerging in a population: A convenience sample of people from the population could be interviewed.
\nTo build a theory explaining the suicide phenomenon: A convenience sample of people who have attempted suicide or who have lost someone to suicide could be interviewed.
\nQuantitative research:
\nTo study a proposed vaccine for COVID19 in clinical research: A random sample of people could be recruited to participate in a clinical trial.
\nTo study the association of smoking and lung cancer using a chi-squared test: A cross-sectional survey could be conducted to collect data on smoking and lung cancer.
\nTo study the effectiveness of a Malaria drug in a given community: A randomized controlled trial could be conducted to compare the effectiveness of the drug to a placebo.
\nTo study the effects of population growth on agricultural productivity within a rural agro-based population: A longitudinal study could be conducted to collect data on population growth, agricultural productivity, and other factors over time.
\nTo study the prevalence of STIs in a population: A cross-sectional survey could be conducted to collect data on STIs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
. The Ministry of Health is faced with the problem of low uptake of covid-19 vaccines. Suppose you are hired to offer research consultancy on\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6744],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-123585","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nursing-studybay"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123585","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=123585"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123585\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":123590,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123585\/revisions\/123590"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=123585"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=123585"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=123585"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}