<\/p>\n
Respond to at least\u00a0two\u00a0of your colleagues who selected at least one different factor than you in one of the following ways:<\/p>\n
Share insights on how the factor your colleague selected impacts the pathophysiology of anaphylactic shock.<\/p>\n
Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.<\/p>\n
Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Main Post<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Anaphylactic Shock\u00a0<\/p>\n
Anaphylactic shock is a life-threatening medical emergency from an\u00a0allergic\u00a0reaction that requires immediate treatment. Rapid-onset respiratory compromise, skin\/mucosal involvement, and\u00a0hypotensive\u00a0end-organ dysfunction are all characteristic presentations (Brasted\u00a0&\u00a0Ruppel, 2016). The body\u2019s response to the allergen is to release inflammatory mediators at a local site, but ultimately, the response is systemic,\u00a0which leads to an overwhelming cascade that affects the homeostasis of the body.\u00a0Due to an increase in vascular permeability, fluid shift from the intravascular to extravascular space can occur within minutes, resulting in edema, respiratory arrest, and circulatory collapse\u00a0(Brasted\u00a0&\u00a0Ruppel, 2016). The effect leads to vasodilation and consequently, intravascular volume depletion resulting in systemic hypotension; the\u00a0hypoperfusion\u00a0affects every end organ.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Emergency\u00a0Versus\u00a0Treating as an Outpatient<\/p>\n
Hindsight is always 20\/20, but, the respiratory compromise in this scenario should have led the school nurse to deem this a medical emergency.\u00a0Urticaria and other skin symptoms were significantly more common in food-induced anaphylaxis (Kim,\u00a0Kim,\u00a0& Cho, 2018).\u00a0I am not aware of emergency medicines available at the school levels, but; the girl did not have any medications specifically assigned to her. First line treatment would have been epinephrine or an\u00a0Epi-pen, a device that people with known allergies carry with them or in this case; the girl would have had available for the school nurse to administer. Epinephrine is a powerful\u00a0catecholamine\u00a0that the body produces naturally for the \u201cfight or flight\u201d response. When administered in an anaphylactic shock situation, it acts on many levels to combat the allergen\u2019s triggered processes.\u00a0First, it is a potent alpha-1 adrenergic agonist, and it\u00a0vasoconstricts\u00a0and increases the peripheral vascular resistance. This increases blood pressure and reduces mucosal edema, especially relevant in alleviation of upper airway obstruction\u00a0(Brasted\u00a0&\u00a0Ruppel, 2016). Epinephrine is also a powerful inotropic agent, allowing the heart to generate an increased cardiac output by strengthening the contractions of the heart. It decreases the inflammatory mediators with its\u00a0beta-2 adrenergic effect, slowing the process of the allergen response. If an\u00a0Epi-pen\u00a0is used, the\u00a0patient should still go to the emergency room for further Assessment as\u00a0hypoperfusion\u00a0may have damaged some organs. There is no situation that anaphylactic shock should be managed\u00a0in an outpatient setting, especially with a six-year-old child.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n
Age and Gender\u2019s Role in Anaphylactic Shock<\/p>\n
Anaphylaxis\u00a0does not differentiate between old and young or male and female if you have an allergy and come in contact with the allergen, you have the potential for anaphylaxis or even anaphylactic shock.\u00a0However, research by\u00a0Kim, Kim, and\u00a0Cho (2018) acknowledged that severe symptoms were more frequent in the drug-induced anaphylaxis, and risk factors for the severe anaphylaxis were found to be age, sex, and drug-induced anaphylaxis. The results showed that older males were at more risk for severe anaphylaxis when the allergen was a drug.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Conclusion<\/p>\n
Anaphylactic shock requires a practitioner\u2019s immediate attention to preserve the life of the patient. All practitioners should know the early warning signs and advanced warning signs when dealing with this life-threatening situation. Understanding the factors associated with anaphylaxis can help guide preventive and management strategies both within and outside of the school setting (White,\u00a0Silvia,\u00a0Muniz,\u00a0Herrem, & Hogue, 2017). All schools should be able to treat anaphylaxis, in the early stages and life-saving medications should be available, even if not available in the child\u2019s medicine bin.\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 References<\/p>\n
Brasted, I. D., &\u00a0Ruppel, M. C. (2016). Anaphylaxis and Its Treatment.\u00a0EMS World,\u00a045(9), 31\u201337. Retrieved from https:\/\/search-ebscohost-com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org\/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=117794702&site=eds-live&scope=site<\/p>\n
Kim, S.-Y., Kim, M.-H., & Cho, Y.-J. (2018). Different clinical features of anaphylaxis according to cause and risk factors for severe reactions.\u00a0Allergology\u00a0International,\u00a067(1), 96\u2013102. https:\/\/doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org\/10.1016\/j.alit.2017.05.005<\/p>\n
White, M. V., Silvia, S.,\u00a0Muniz, R.,\u00a0Herrem, C., & Hogue, S. L. (2017). Prevalence and triggers of anaphylactic events in schools.\u00a0Allergy And Asthma Proceedings,\u00a038(4), 286\u2013293. https:\/\/doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org\/10.2500\/aap.2017.38.4066<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0Week 5 Forum 2 Discussion Post 6501.doc\u00a0(58.5 KB)\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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