NSG 5003 Midterm Exam Answers 100% Correct Answer
\nNSG 5003 Midterm Exam Answers 100% Correct Answer<\/p>\n
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential to initiate an action potential?<\/p>\n
Question 1 options:<\/p>\n
Potassium gates open and potassium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive
\nSodium gates open and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.
\nSodium gates close, allowing potassium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative.
\nPotassium gates close, allowing sodium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative.
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 2 (5 points)<\/p>\n
What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injury?<\/p>\n
Question 2 options:<\/p>\n
Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis.
\nInflux of potassium ions into the mitochondria occurs, halting the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production.
\nEdema of the Golgi body occurs, preventing the transport of proteins out of the cell.
\nShift of calcium out of the plasma membrane occurs, destroying the cytoskeleton.
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 3 (5 points)<\/p>\n
In hypoxic injury, sodium enters the cell and causes swelling because:<\/p>\n
Question 3 options:<\/p>\n
The cell membrane permeability increases for sodium during periods of hypoxia.
\nAdenosine triphosphate (ATP) is insufficient to maintain the pump that keeps sodium out of the cell.
\nThe lactic acid produced by the hypoxia binds with sodium in the cell.
\nSodium cannot be transported to the cell membrane during hypoxia.
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 4 (5 points)<\/p>\n
What mechanisms occur in the liver cells as a result of lipid accumulation?<\/p>\n
Question 4 options:<\/p>\n
Obstruction of the common bile duct, preventing the flow of bile from the liver to the gallbladder
\nIncreased synthesis of triglycerides from fatty acids and decreased synthesis of apoproteins
\nIncreased binding of lipids with apoproteins to form lipoproteins
\nIncreased conversion of fatty acids to phospholipids
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 5 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Which solution is best to use when cleaning a wound that is healing by 101. During an Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, the degranulation of mast cells is a result of which receptor action?<\/p>\n
Question 5 options:<\/p>\n
Histamine bound to H2
\nChemotactic factor binding to the receptor
\nEpinephrine bound to mast cells
\nAcetylcholine bound to mast cells
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 6 (5 points)<\/p>\n
What is the mechanism that results in type II hypersensitivity reactions?<\/p>\n
Question 6 options:<\/p>\n
Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation, followed by a discharge of preformed mediators.
\nAntibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids, and the immune complexes are then deposited in the tissues.
\nCytotoxic T (Tc) lymphocytes or lymphokine-producing helper T 1 (Th1) cells directly attack and destroy cellular targets.
\nAntibodies bind to the antigens on the cell surface.
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 7 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Type III hypersensitivity reactions are a result of which of the following?<\/p>\n
Question 7 options:<\/p>\n
Antibodies coating mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation, followed by the discharge of preformed mediators
\nAntibodies binding to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the immune complexes being deposited in the tissues
\nCytotoxic T (Tc) cells or lymphokine-producing helper T 1 (Th1) cells directly attacking and destroying cellular targets
\nAntibodies binding to the antigen on the cell surface
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 8 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Tissue damage caused by the deposition of circulating immune complexes containing an antibody against the host deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the cause of which disease?<\/p>\n
Question 8 options:<\/p>\n
Hemolytic anemia
\nPernicious anemia
\nSystemic lupus erythematosus
\nMyasthenia gravis
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 9 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Why does tissue damage occur in acute rejection after organ transplantation?<\/p>\n
Question 9 options:<\/p>\n
Th1 cells release cytokines that activate infiltrating macrophages, and cytotoxic T (Tc) cells directly attack the endothelial cells of the transplanted tissue.
\nCirculating immune complexes are deposited in the endothelial cells of transplanted tissue, where the complement cascade lyses tissue.
\nReceptors on natural killer (NK) cells recognize antigens on the cell surface of the transplanted tissue, which releases lysosomal enzymes that destroy tissue.
\nAntibodies coat the surface of the transplanted tissue to which mast cells bind and liberate preformed chemical mediators that destroy tissue.
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 10 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Oncogenes are genes that are capable of:<\/p>\n
Question 10 options:<\/p>\n
Undergoing mutation that directs the synthesis of proteins to accelerate the rate of tissue proliferation
\nDirecting synthesis of proteins to regulate growth and to provide necessary replacement of tissue
\nEncoding proteins that negatively regulate the synthesis of proteins to slow or halt the replacement of tissue
\nUndergoing mutation that directs malignant tissue toward blood vessels and lymph nodes for metastasis
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 11 (5 points)<\/p>\n
After the baroreceptor reflex is stimulated, the resulting impulse is transmitted from the carotid artery by which sequence of events?<\/p>\n
Question 11 options:<\/p>\n
From the vagus nerve to the medulla to increase parasympathetic activity and to decrease sympathetic activity
\nFrom the glossopharyngeal cranial nerve through the vagus nerve to the medulla to increase sympathetic activity and to decrease parasympathetic activity
\nFrom the glossopharyngeal cranial nerve through the vagus nerve to the medulla to increase parasympathetic activity and to decrease sympathetic activity
\nFrom the glossopharyngeal cranial nerve through the vagus nerve to the hypothalamus to increase parasympathetic activity and to decrease sympathetic activity
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 12 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Regarding the endothelium, what is the difference between healthy vessel walls and those that promote clot formation?<\/p>\n
Question 12 options:<\/p>\n
Inflammation and roughening of the endothelium of the artery
\nHypertrophy and vasoconstriction of the endothelium of the artery
\nExcessive clot formation and lipid accumulation in the endothelium of the artery
\nEvidence of age-related changes that weaken the endothelium of the artery
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 13 (5 points)<\/p>\n
What is the expected electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern when a thrombus in a coronary artery permanently lodges in the vessel and the infarction extends through the myocardium from the endocardium to the epicardium?<\/p>\n
Question 13 options:<\/p>\n
Prolonged QT interval
\nST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
\nST depression myocardial infarction (STDMI)
\nNon-ST elevation myocardial infarction (non-STEMI)
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 14 (5 points)<\/p>\n
A patient reports sudden onset of severe chest pain that radiates to the back and worsens with respiratory movement and when the patient is lying down. These clinical manifestations describe:<\/p>\n
Question 14 options:<\/p>\n
Myocardial infarction (MI)
\nPericardial effusion
\nRestrictive pericarditis
\nAcute pericarditis
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 15 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Respirations that are characterized by alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing are a result of which respiratory mechanism?<\/p>\n
Question 15 options:<\/p>\n
Decreased blood flow to the medulla oblongata
\nIncreased partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), decreased acid-base balance (pH), and decreased partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2)
\nStimulation of stretch or J-receptors
\nFatigue of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 16 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Which cytokines activated in childhood asthma produce an allergic response?<\/p>\n
Question 16 options:<\/p>\n
IL-1, IL-2, and interferon-alpha (IFN-\u03b1)
\nL-8, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor\u2013alpha (TNF-\u03b1)
\nIL-4, IL-10, and colony-stimulating factor (CSF)
\nIL-4, IL-5, and IL-13
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 17 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Which statement accurately describes childhood asthma?<\/p>\n
Question 17 options:<\/p>\n
An obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation
\nA pulmonary disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and diffuse densities on chest X-ray imaging
\nA pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein, producing viscous mucus that lines the airways, the pancreas, the sweat ducts, and the vas deferens
\nAn obstructive airway disease characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency
\nImprovement on a trial of asthma medication
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 18 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Which statement best describes cystic fibrosis?<\/p>\n
Question 18 options:<\/p>\n
Obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation
\nRespiratory disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and diffuse densities on chest X-ray imaging
\nA pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein, producing viscous mucus that obstructs the airways, the pancreas, the sweat ducts, and the vas deferens
\nA pulmonary disorder characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 19 (5 points)<\/p>\n
What are the abnormalities in cytokines found in children with cystic fibrosis?<\/p>\n
Question 19 options:<\/p>\n
A deficit of IL-1 and an excess of IL-4, IL-12, and interferon-alpha (IFN-\u03b1)
\nA deficit of IL-6 and an excess of IL-2, IL-8, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)
\nA deficit of IL-10 and an excess of IL-1, IL-8, and TNF-\u03b1
\nA deficit of IL-3 and an excess of IL-14, IL-24, and colony-stimulating factor (CSF)
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 20 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Examination of the throat in a child demonstrating signs and symptoms of acute epiglottitis may contribute to which life-threatening complication?<\/p>\n
Question 20 options:<\/p>\n
Retropharyngeal abscess
\nLaryngospasms
\nRupturing of the tonsils
\nGagging induced aspiration
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 21 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases?<\/p>\n
Question 21 options:<\/p>\n
Cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease
\nRenal diseases, such as acute tubular necrosis and glomerulonephritis
\nGastrointestinal diseases, such as peptic ulcer disease and Crohn disease
\nMuscular diseases, such as muscular dystrophy and fibromyalgia
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 22 (5 points)<\/p>\n
What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria?<\/p>\n
Question 22 options:<\/p>\n
Enzymatic digestion halts deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis.
\nInflux of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production.
\nEdema from an influx in sodium causes a reduction in ATP production.
\nPotassium shifts out of the mitochondria, which destroys the infrastructure.
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 23 (5 points)<\/p>\n
In addition to osmosis, what force is involved in the movement of water between the plasma and interstitial fluid spaces?<\/p>\n
Question 23 options:<\/p>\n
Oncotic pressure
\nBuffering
\nNet filtration
\nHydrostatic pressure
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 24 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Venous obstruction is a cause of edema because of an increase in which pressure?<\/p>\n
Question 24 options:<\/p>\n
Capillary hydrostatic
\nInterstitial hydrostatic
\nCapillary oncotic
\nInterstitial oncotic
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 25 (5 points)<\/p>\n
At the arterial end of capillaries, fluid moves from the intravascular space into the interstitial space because:<\/p>\n
Question 25 options:<\/p>\n
The interstitial hydrostatic pressure is higher than the capillary hydrostatic pressure.
\nThe capillary hydrostatic pressure is higher than the capillary oncotic pressure.
\nThe interstitial oncotic pressure is higher than the interstitial hydrostatic pressure.
\nThe capillary oncotic pressure is lower than the interstitial hydrostatic pressure.
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 26 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and the perception of thirst are stimulated by:<\/p>\n
Question 26 options:<\/p>\n
A decrease in serum sodium
\nAn increase in plasma osmolality
\nAn increase in the glomerular filtration rate
\nA decrease in osmoreceptor stimulation
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 27 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Some older adults have impaired inflammation and wound healing because of which problem?<\/p>\n
Question 27 options:<\/p>\n
The circulatory system cannot adequately perfuse tissues.
\nComplement and chemotaxis are deficient.
\nUnderlying chronic illnesses exist.
\nThe number of mast cells is insufficient.
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 28 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Lead poisoning affects the nervous system by:<\/p>\n
Question 28 options:<\/p>\n
Interfering with the function of neurotransmitters
\nInhibiting the production of myelin around the nerves
\nIncreasing the resting membrane potential
\nAltering the transport of potassium into the nerves
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 29 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Carbon monoxide causes tissue damage by:<\/p>\n
Question 29 options:<\/p>\n
Competing with carbon dioxide so that it cannot be excreted
\nBinding to hemoglobin so that it cannot carry oxygen
\nDestroying the chemical bonds of hemoglobin so it cannot carry oxygen
\nRemoving iron from hemoglobin so it cannot carry oxygen
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 30 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Which statement is true regarding the difference between subdural hematoma and epidural hematoma?<\/p>\n
Question 30 options:<\/p>\n
No difference exists, and these terms may be correctly used interchangeably.
\nA subdural hematoma occurs above the dura, whereas an epidural hematoma occurs under the dura.
\nA subdural hematoma is often the result of shaken baby syndrome, whereas an epidural hematoma rapidly forms as a result of a skull fracture.
\nA subdural hematoma usually forms from bleeding within the skull, such as an aneurysm eruption, whereas an epidural hematoma occurs from trauma outside the skull, such as a blunt force trauma.
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 31 (5 points)<\/p>\n
What physiologic change occurs during heat exhaustion?<\/p>\n
Question 31 options:<\/p>\n
Hemoconcentration occurs because of the loss of salt and water.
\nCramping of voluntary muscles occurs as a result of salt loss.
\nThermoregulation fails because of high core temperatures.
\nSubcutaneous layers are damaged because of high core temperatures.
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 32 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Hemoprotein accumulations are a result of the excessive storage of:<\/p>\n
Question 32 options:<\/p>\n
Iron, which is transferred from the cells to the bloodstream
\nHemoglobin, which is transferred from the bloodstream to the cells
\nAlbumin, which is transferred from the cells to the bloodstream
\nAmino acids, which are transferred from the cells to the bloodstream
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 33 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Hemosiderosis results in what substance being stored in excess as hemosiderin in cells of many organs and tissues?<\/p>\n
Question 33 options:<\/p>\n
Hemoglobin
\nFerritin
\nIron
\nTransferrin
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 34 (5 points)<\/p>\n
What two types of hearing loss are associated with noise?<\/p>\n
Question 34 options:<\/p>\n
Acoustic trauma and noise induced
\nHigh frequency and low frequency
\nHigh frequency and acoustic trauma
\nNoise induced and low frequency
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 35 (5 points)<\/p>\n
What type of necrosis results from ischemia of neurons and glial cells?<\/p>\n
Question 35 options:<\/p>\n
Coagulative
\nLiquefactive
\nCaseous
\nGangrene
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 36 (5 points)<\/p>\n
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because:<\/p>\n
Question 36 options:<\/p>\n
Potassium moves out of the cell, and potassium and sodium are inversely related.
\nThe pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels.
\nThe osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls additional sodium across the cell membrane.
\nOxygen is not available to bind with sodium to maintain it outside of the cell.
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 37 (5 points)<\/p>\n
In decompression sickness, emboli are formed by bubbles of:<\/p>\n
Question 37 options:<\/p>\n
Oxygen
\nNitrogen
\nCarbon monoxide
\nHydrogen
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 38 (5 points)<\/p>\n
What is an example of compensatory hyperplasia?<\/p>\n
Question 38 options:<\/p>\n
Hepatic cells increase cell division after part of the liver is excised.
\nSkeletal muscle cells atrophy as a result of paralysis.
\nThe heart muscle enlarges as a result of hypertension.
\nThe size of the uterus increases during pregnancy.
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 39 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Current research has determined that chemical-induced cellular injury:<\/p>\n
Question 39 options:<\/p>\n
Affects the permeability of the plasma membrane
\nIs often the result of the damage caused by reactive free radicals
\nIs rarely influenced by lipid peroxidation
\nSeldom involves the cell\u2019s organelles
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 40 (5 points)<\/p>\n
What is the inflammatory effect of nitric oxide?<\/p>\n
Question 40 options:<\/p>\n
It increases capillary permeability and causes pain.
\nIt increases neutrophil chemotaxis and platelet aggregation.
\nIt causes smooth muscle contraction and fever.
\nIt decreases mast cell function and decreases platelet aggregation.
\nSave<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
NSG 5003 Midterm Exam Answers 100% Correct Answer NSG 5003 Midterm Exam Answers 100% Correct Answer What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[479,172,478],"tags":[181,21,535,31,527,534,536,526,532,533,531,530,525,528,27,529],"class_list":["post-12531","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nursing-course-hero","category-nursing-study-bay","category-nursing-study-pool","tag-buy-psychology-essay","tag-nursing-assignment-writing-service-uk","tag-nursing-essay-writing","tag-nursing-essay-writing-service","tag-nursing-essay-writing-service-uk","tag-nursing-essay-writing-uk","tag-nursing-essays-online","tag-nursing-essays-uk","tag-psychology-assignment-writing-service","tag-psychology-essay-pro-top-writers","tag-psychology-essay-writing-service-uk","tag-psychology-pro-papers","tag-sociology-essay-pro-research","tag-sociology-peachy-essay-writers","tag-write-my-nursing-essay","tag-writers-per-hour-sociology-writers"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12531","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12531"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12531\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12531"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12531"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12531"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}