NSG 5003 Final Exam 100% Correct Answers
\nNSG 5003 Final Exam 100% Correct Answers<\/p>\n
Question 1 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?<\/p>\n
Question 1 options:<\/p>\n
Lysosomes
\nPeroxisomes
\nRibosomes
\nOxyhydrosomes
\nQuestion 2 (5 points)<\/p>\n
What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria?<\/p>\n
Question 2 options:<\/p>\n
Enzymatic digestion halts deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis.
\nInflux of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production.
\nEdema from an influx in sodium causes a reduction in ATP production.
\nPotassium shifts out of the mitochondria, which destroys the infrastructure.
\nQuestion 3 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Which statement is a description of one of the characteristics of apoptosis?<\/p>\n
Question 3 options:<\/p>\n
Apoptosis involves programmed cell death of scattered single cells.
\nApoptosis is characterized by the swelling of the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
\nApoptosis involves unpredictable patterns of cell death.
\nApoptosis results in benign malignancies.
\nQuestion 4 (5 points)<\/p>\n
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because:<\/p>\n
Question 4 options:<\/p>\n
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because:
\nThe pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels.
\nThe osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls additional sodium across the cell membrane
\nOxygen is not available to bind with sodium to maintain it outside of the cell.
\nQuestion 5 (5 points)<\/p>\n
What is an effect of ionizing radiation exposure?<\/p>\n
Question 5 options:<\/p>\n
Respiratory distress
\nSun intolerance
\nDeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) aberrations
\nDeath
\nQuestion 6 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Obesity creates a greater risk for dehydration in people because:<\/p>\n
Question 6 options: chapter 3 q.2<\/p>\n
?Adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling.
\nThe metabolic rates of obese adults are slower than those of lean adults.
\nThe rates of urine output of obese adults are higher than those of lean adults.
\nThe thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively.
\nQuestion 7 (5 points)<\/p>\n
In addition to osmosis, what force is involved in the movement of water between the plasma and interstitial fluid spaces?<\/p>\n
Question 7 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tOncotic pressure
\nb)\tBuffering
\nc)\tNet filtration
\nd)\tHydrostatic pressure
\nQuestion 8 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Venous obstruction is a cause of edema because of an increase in which pressure?<\/p>\n
Question 8 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tCapillary hydrostatic
\nb)\tInterstitial hydrostatic
\nc)\tCapillary oncotic
\nd)\tInterstitial oncotic
\nQuestion 9 (5 points)<\/p>\n
At the arterial end of capillaries, fluid moves from the intravascular space into the interstitial space because:<\/p>\n
Question 9 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tThe interstitial hydrostatic pressure is higher than the capillary hydrostatic pressure.
\nb)\tThe capillary hydrostatic pressure is higher than the capillary oncotic pressure.
\nc)\tThe interstitial oncotic pressure is higher than the interstitial hydrostatic pressure.
\nd)\tThe capillary oncotic pressure is lower than the interstitial hydrostatic pressure.
\nQuestion 10 (5 points)<\/p>\n
It is true that natriuretic peptides:<\/p>\n
Question 10 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tDecrease blood pressure and increase sodium and water excretion.
\nb)\tIncrease blood pressure and decrease sodium and water excretion.
\nc)\tIncrease the heart rate and decrease potassium excretion.
\nd)\tDecrease the heart rate and increase potassium excretion.
\nQuestion 11 (5 points)<\/p>\n
What causes the clinical manifestations of confusion, convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage, and coma in hypernatremia?<\/p>\n
Question 11 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tHigh sodium in the blood vessels pulls water out of the brain cells into the blood vessels, causing brain cells to shrink.
\nb)\tHigh sodium in the brain cells pulls water out of the blood vessels into the brain cells, causing them to swell.
\nc)\tHigh sodium in the blood vessels pulls potassium out of the brain cells, which slows the synapses in the brain.
\nd)\tHigh sodium in the blood vessels draws chloride into the brain cells followed by water, causing the brain cells to swell.
\nQuestion 12 (5 points)<\/p>\n
A major determinant of the resting membrane potential necessary for the transmission of nerve impulses is the ratio between:<\/p>\n
Question 12 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tIntracellular and extracellular Na+
\nb)\t. Intracellular and extracellular K+
\nc)\tIntracellular Na+ and extracellular K+
\nd)\tIntracellular K+ and extracellular Na+
\nQuestion 13 (5 points)<\/p>\n
In hyperkalemia, what change occurs to the cells\u2019 resting membrane potential?<\/p>\n
Question 13 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tHypopolarization
\nb)\tHyperexcitability
\nc)\tDepolarization
\nd)\tRepolarization
\nQuestion 14 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Physiologic pH is maintained at approximately 7.4 because bicarbonate (HCO3) and carbonic acid (H2CO3) exist in a ratio of:<\/p>\n
Question 14 options:<\/p>\n
a)\t20:1
\nb)\t1:20
\nc)\t10:2
\nd)\t10:5
\nQuestion 15 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure results in edema because of:<\/p>\n
Question 15 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tLosses or diminished production of plasma albumin
\nb)\tInflammation resulting from an immune response
\nc)\tBlockage within the lymphatic channel system
\nd)\tSodium and water retention
\nQuestion 16 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Hypomethylation and the resulting effect on oncogenes result in:<\/p>\n
Question 16 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tA decrease in the activity of the oncogene, thus suppressing cancer development
\nb)\t Deactivation of MLH1 to halt deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair
\nc)\tAn increase in tumor progression from benign to malignant
\nd)\tOverexpression of micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA), resulting in tumorigenesis
\nQuestion 17 (5 points)<\/p>\n
The functions of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and CD1 molecules are alike because both:<\/p>\n
Question 17 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tAre antigen-presenting molecules
\nb)\tBind antigens to antibodies
\nc)\tSecrete interleukins (ILs) during the immune process
\nd)\tAre capable of activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes
\nQuestion 18 (5 points)<\/p>\n
The B-cell receptor (BCR) complex functions uniquely by:<\/p>\n
Question 18 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tCommunicating information about the antigen to the helper T (Th) cell
\nb)\tSecreting chemical signals to help cells communicate
\nc)\tRecognizing the antigen on the surface of the B lymphocyte
\nd)\tCommunicating information about the antigen to the cell nucleus
\nQuestion 19 (5 points)<\/p>\n
The generation of clonal diversity includes a process that:<\/p>\n
Question 19 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tInvolves antigens that select lymphocytes with compatible receptors
\nb)\tAllows the differentiation of cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells or mature T cells
\nc)\tTakes place in the primary (central) lymphoid organs
\nd)\tCauses antigens to expand and diversify their populations
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 20 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Vaccinations are able to provide protection against certain microorganisms because of the:<\/p>\n
Question 20 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tStrong response from immunoglobulin M (IgM)
\nb)\tLevel of protection provided by immunoglobulin G (IgG)
\nc)\tMemory cells for immunoglobulin E (IgE)
\nd)\tRapid response from immunoglobulin A (IgA)
\nQuestion 21 (5 points)<\/p>\n
What is the mechanism that results in type II hypersensitivity reactions?<\/p>\n
Question 21 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tAntibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation, followed by a discharge of preformed mediators.
\nb)\tAntibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids, and the immune complexes are then deposited in the tissues.
\nc)\tCytotoxic T (Tc) lymphocytes or lymphokine-producing helper T 1 (Th1) cells directly attack and destroy cellular targets.
\nd)\tAntibodies bind to the antigens on the cell surface.
\nQuestion 22 (5 points)<\/p>\n
When soluble antigens from infectious agents enter circulation, tissue damage is a result of:<\/p>\n
Question 22 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tComplement-mediated cell lysis
\nb)\tPhagocytosis by macrophages
\nc)\tPhagocytosis in the spleen
\nd)\tNeutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 23 (5 points)<\/p>\n
? Considering the hypothalamus, a fever is produced by:<\/p>\n
Question 23 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tEndogenous pyrogens acting directly on the hypothalamus
\nb)\tExogenous pyrogens acting directly on the hypothalamus
\nc)\tImmune complexes acting indirectly on the hypothalamus
\nd)\tCytokines acting indirectly on the hypothalamus
\nQuestion 24 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Vaccines against viruses are created from:<\/p>\n
Question 24 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tKilled organisms or extracts of antigens
\nb)\tLive organisms weakened to produce antigens
\nc)\tPurified toxins that have been chemically detoxified
\nd)\tRecombinant pathogenic protein
\nQuestion 25 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Carcinoma in situ is characterized by which changes?<\/p>\n
Question 25 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tCells have broken through the local basement membrane.
\nb)\tCells have invaded immediate surrounding tissue.
\nc)\tCells remain localized in the glandular or squamous cells
\nd)\tCellular and tissue alterations indicate dysplasia.
\nQuestion 26 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Two \u201chits\u201d are required to inactivate tumor-suppressor genes because:<\/p>\n
Question 26 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tEach allele must be altered and each person has two copies, or alleles, of each gene, one from each parent.
\nb)\tThe first hit stops tissue growth and the second hit is needed to cause abnormal tissue growth.
\nc)\tTumor-suppressor genes are larger than proto-oncogenes, requiring two hits to effect carcinogenesis.
\nd)\tThe first hit is insufficient to cause enough damage to cause a mutation.
\nQuestion 27 (5 points)<\/p>\n
What is the skin-related health risk induced by some types of chemotherapy?<\/p>\n
Question 27 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tInfection
\nb)\tUltraviolet damage
\nc)\tPain
\nd)\tErythema
\nQuestion 28 (5 points)<\/p>\n
When a child is diagnosed with cancer, which intervention has the greatest influence on the child\u2019s mortality rate?<\/p>\n
Question 28 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tAge at the time of diagnosis
\nb)\tParticipation in clinical trials
\nc)\tProximity to a major cancer treatment center
\nd)\tParental involvement in the treatment planning
\nQuestion 29 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Reflex activities concerned with the heart rate, blood pressure, respirations, sneezing, swallowing, and coughing are controlled by which area of the brain?<\/p>\n
Question 29 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tPons
\nb)\tMidbrain
\nc)\tCerebellum
\nd)\tMedulla oblongata
\nQuestion 30 (5 points)<\/p>\n
The edema of the upper cervical cord after a spinal cord injury is considered life threatening because of which possible outcome?<\/p>\n
Question 30 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tHypovolemic shock from blood lost during the injury
\nb)\tBreathing difficulties from an impairment to the diaphragm
\nc)\tHead injury that likely occurred during the injury
\nd)\tSpinal shock immediately after the injury
\nQuestion 31 (5 points)<\/p>\n
What term is used to describe the complication that can result from a spinal cord injury above T6 that is producing paroxysmal hypertension, as well as piloerection and sweating above the spinal cord lesion?<\/p>\n
Question 31 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tCraniosacral dysreflexia
\nb)\tParasympathetic dysreflexia
\nc)\tAutonomic hyperreflexia
\nd)\tRetrograde hyperreflexia
\nSave<\/p>\n
Question 32 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Atheromatous plaques are most commonly found:<\/p>\n
Question 32 options:<\/p>\n
a)\t. In larger veins
\nb)\tNear capillary sphincters
\nc)\tAt branches of arteries
\nd)\tOn the venous sinuses
\nQuestion 33 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Multiple sclerosis is best described as:<\/p>\n
Question 33 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tA CNS demyelination, possibly from an immunogenetic virus
\nb)\tInadequate supply of acetylcholine at the neurotransmitter junction as a result of an autoimmune disorder
\nc)\tThe depletion of dopamine in the CNS as a result of a virus
\nd)\tA degenerative disorder of lower and upper motor neurons caused by viral-immune factors
\nQuestion 34 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Graves disease develops from:<\/p>\n
Question 34 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tA viral infection of the thyroid gland that causes overproduction of thyroid hormone
\nb)\tAn autoimmune process during which lymphocytes and fibrous tissue replace thyroid tissue
\nc)\tThyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin, which causes overproduction of thyroid hormones
\nd)\tIngestion of goitrogens, which inhibits the synthesis of the thyroid hormones, causing goiter
\nQuestion 35 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Pathologic changes associated with Graves disease include:<\/p>\n
Question 35 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tHigh levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins
\nb)\tDiminished levels of TRH
\nc)\tHigh levels of TSH
\nd)\tDiminished levels of thyroid-binding globulin
\nQuestion 36 (5 points)<\/p>\n
A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values: arterial pH 7.20, serum glucose 500 mg\/dl, positive urine glucose and ketones, serum potassium (K+) 2 mEq\/L, and serum sodium (Na+) 130 mEq\/L. The patient
\nreports that he has been sick with the \u201cflu\u201d for a week. What relationship do these values have to his insulin deficiency?<\/p>\n
Question 36 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tIncreased glucose use causes the shift of fluid from the intravascular to the intracellular space.
\nb)\t. Decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and osmotic diuresi
\nc)\tIncreased glucose and fatty acids stimulate renal diuresis, electrolyte loss, and metabolic alkalosis.
\nd)\tDecreased glucose use results in protein catabolism, tissue wasting, respiratory acidosis, and electrolyte loss.
\nQuestion 37 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is best described as:<\/p>\n
Question 37 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tResistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues
\nb)\tThe need for lispro instead of regular insulin
\nc)\tAn increase in glucagon secretion from \u03b1 cells of the pancreas
\nd)\tThe presence of insulin autoantibodies that destroy \u03b2 cells in the pancreas<\/p>\n
Question 38 (5 points)<\/p>\n
The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by which class of immunoglobulins?<\/p>\n
Question 38 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tImmunoglobulin E (IgE)
\nb)\tImmunoglobulin G (IgG)
\nc)\tImmunoglobulin M (IgM)
\nd)\tT cells<\/p>\n
Question 39 (5 points)<\/p>\n
A person diagnosed with type 1 diabetes experiences hunger, lightheadedness, tachycardia, pallor, headache, and confusion. The most probable cause of these symptoms is:<\/p>\n
Question 39 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tHyperglycemia caused by incorrect insulin administration
\nb)\tThe dawn phenomenon from eating a snack before bedtime
\nc)\tHypoglycemia caused by increased exercise
\nd)\tSomogyi effect from insulin sensitivity
\nQuestion 40 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Hypoglycemia, followed by rebound hyperglycemia, is observed in those with:<\/p>\n
Question 40 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tThe Somogyi effect
\nb)\tThe dawn phenomenon
\nc)\tDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
\nd)\tHyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome<\/p>\n
Question 41 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Which structure is lined with columnar epithelial cells<\/p>\n
Question 41 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tPerimetrium
\nb)\tEndocervical canal
\nc)\tMyometrium
\nd)\tVagina
\nQuestion 42 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Where is the usual site of cervical dysplasia or cancer in situ?<\/p>\n
Question 42 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tWhere the squamous epithelium of the cervix meets the cuboidal epithelium of the vagina
\nb)\tWhere the columnar epithelium of the cervix meets the squamous epithelium of the uterus
\nc)\tWhere the squamous epithelium of the cervix meets the columnar epithelium of the uterus
\nd)\tWhere the columnar epithelium of the cervix meets the squamous epithelium of the vagina
\nQuestion 43 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Which statement best describes a Schilling test?<\/p>\n
Question 43 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tAdministration of radioactive cobalamin and the measurement of its excretion in the urine to test for vitamin B12 deficiency
\nb)\tMeasurement of antigen-antibody immune complexes in the blood to test for hemolytic anemia
\nc)\tMeasurement of serum ferritin and total iron-binding capacity in the blood to test for iron deficiency anemia
\nd)\tAdministration of folate and measurement in two hours of its level in a blood sample to test for folic acid deficiency anemia
\nQuestion 44 (5 points)<\/p>\n
In aplastic anemia (AA), pancytopenia develops as a result of which of the following?<\/p>\n
Question 44 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tSuppression of erythropoietin to produce adequate amounts of erythrocytes
\nb)\tSuppression of the bone marrow to produce adequate amounts of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes
\nc)\tLack of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to form sufficient quantities of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes
\nd)\tLack of stem cells to form sufficient quantities of leukocytes
\nQuestion 45 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Which statement is true regarding warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia?<\/p>\n
Question 45 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tWarm autoimmune hemolytic anemia occurs primarily in men.
\nb)\tIt is self-limiting and rarely produces hemolysis.
\nc)\tErythrocytes are bound to macrophages and sequestered in the spleen.
\nd)\tImmunoglobulin M (IgM) coats erythrocytes and binds them to receptors on monocytes.
\nQuestion 46 (5 points)<\/p>\n
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can occur if the mother:<\/p>\n
Question 46 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tIs Rh-positive and the fetus is Rh-negative
\nb)\tIs Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive
\nc)\tHas type A blood and the fetus has type O blood
\nd)\tHas type AB blood and the fetus has type B blood
\nQuestion 47 (5 points)<\/p>\n
When diagnosed with hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), why does the newborn develop hyperbilirubinemia after birth but not in utero?<\/p>\n
Question 47 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tExcretion of unconjugated bilirubin through the placenta into the mother\u2019s circulation is no longer possible.
\nb)\tHemoglobin does not break down into bilirubin in the intrauterine environment.
\nc)\tThe liver of the fetus is too immature to conjugate bilirubin from a lipid-soluble form to a water-soluble form.
\nd)\tThe destruction of erythrocytes producing bilirubin is greater after birth.
\nQuestion 48 (5 points)<\/p>\n
How does angiotensin II increase the workload of the heart after a myocardial infarction (MI)?<\/p>\n
Question 48 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tBy increasing the peripheral vasoconstriction
\nb)\tBy causing dysrhythmias as a result of hyperkalemia
\nc)\tBy reducing the contractility of the myocardium
\nQuestion 49 (5 points)<\/p>\n
What event is a characteristic of the function in Zone I of the lung?<\/p>\n
Question 49 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tBlood flow through the pulmonary capillary bed increases in regular increments.
\nb)\tAlveolar pressure is greater than venous pressure but not greater than arterial pressure.
\nc)\tThe capillary bed collapses, and normal blood flow ceases.
\nd)\tBlood flows through Zone I, but it is impeded to a certain extent by alveolar pressure.
\nQuestion 50 (5 points)<\/p>\n
What factor associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue) causes an infant to bruise and bleed easily?<\/p>\n
Question 50 options:<\/p>\n
a)\tVitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption
\nb)\tBone marrow function depression
\nc)\tIron, folate, and B12 deficiency anemias<\/p>\n
Bottom of Form<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
NSG 5003 Final Exam 100% Correct Answers NSG 5003 Final Exam 100% Correct Answers Question 1 (5 points) Which component of the cell produces hydrogen\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[479,172,478],"tags":[181,21,535,31,527,534,536,526,532,533,531,530,525,528,27,529],"class_list":["post-12532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nursing-course-hero","category-nursing-study-bay","category-nursing-study-pool","tag-buy-psychology-essay","tag-nursing-assignment-writing-service-uk","tag-nursing-essay-writing","tag-nursing-essay-writing-service","tag-nursing-essay-writing-service-uk","tag-nursing-essay-writing-uk","tag-nursing-essays-online","tag-nursing-essays-uk","tag-psychology-assignment-writing-service","tag-psychology-essay-pro-top-writers","tag-psychology-essay-writing-service-uk","tag-psychology-pro-papers","tag-sociology-essay-pro-research","tag-sociology-peachy-essay-writers","tag-write-my-nursing-essay","tag-writers-per-hour-sociology-writers"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12532","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12532"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12532\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12532"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12532"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12532"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}