{"id":125597,"date":"2023-02-14T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-02-14T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nursingstudybay.com\/2023\/02\/14\/w1tm-law-homework-help\/"},"modified":"2023-02-14T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-02-14T00:00:00","slug":"w1tm-law-homework-help","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/w1tm-law-homework-help\/","title":{"rendered":"W1tm | Law homework help"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<div>\n<p><span>Write 150 words with apa format and need to reference and cite.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Why is the Prohibition Era the main event for Organized Crime? \u00a0What specific events caused them to become enormously wealthy beyond Prohibition?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><em>Target: Mafia\u2014the prohibition years<\/em><span>\u00a0[Video file]. (1996). Retrieved May 6, 2017, from https:\/\/fod.infobase.com\/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=18566&amp;xtid=42372<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Watch<\/strong>\u00a0the following segments from the &#8220;Target: Mafia&#8211;The Prohibition Years&#8221; video.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What is the Mob?<\/li>\n<li>Birth of Organized Crime<\/li>\n<li>Emergence of Organized Crime<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Transcript of video<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span>Welcome<\/span>\u00a0<span>to the<\/span>\u00a0<span>world<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>Arts and<\/span><span>Entertainment.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>thank you<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>joining<\/span>\u00a0<span>us<\/span><span>here<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>A&amp;E<\/span>\u00a0<span>Home<\/span>\u00a0<span>Video.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>basic<\/span>\u00a0<span>part<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>American<\/span>\u00a0<span>life,<\/span>\u00a0<span>deny<\/span><span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>not.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Every<\/span>\u00a0<span>generation<\/span>\u00a0<span>has<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>it&#8217;s<\/span><span>underworld<\/span>\u00a0<span>kings.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Unforgettable<\/span>\u00a0<span>personalities<\/span><span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>commit<\/span>\u00a0<span>unspeakable<\/span>\u00a0<span>crimes.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>mafia,<\/span><span>it&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>name<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>speaks<\/span>\u00a0<span>fear,<\/span>\u00a0<span>representing<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>fascinating,<\/span>\u00a0<span>appalling<\/span>\u00a0<span>underside<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>our<\/span>\u00a0<span>national<\/span><span>experience.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Often,<\/span>\u00a0<span>they&#8217;ve<\/span>\u00a0<span>been<\/span>\u00a0<span>glorified.<\/span>\u00a0<span>We<\/span>\u00a0<span>call<\/span>\u00a0<span>them<\/span><span>names<\/span>\u00a0<span>like<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al<\/span>\u00a0<span>&#8220;Scarface&#8221;<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lucky<\/span><span>Luciano,<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Dapper<\/span>\u00a0<span>Don.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Many<\/span>\u00a0<span>meet<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span><span>fates<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>undignified<\/span>\u00a0<span>ways.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>not<\/span>\u00a0<span>surprising,<\/span><span>they&#8217;re<\/span>\u00a0<span>playing<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>high<\/span>\u00a0<span>stakes<\/span>\u00a0<span>game.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span><span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>business.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>turns<\/span>\u00a0<span>over<\/span>\u00a0<span>more<\/span>\u00a0<span>money<\/span>\u00a0<span>than<\/span><span>America&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>10<\/span>\u00a0<span>largest<\/span>\u00a0<span>industrial<\/span>\u00a0<span>corporations.<\/span><span>How<\/span>\u00a0<span>did<\/span>\u00a0<span>they get<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>big?<\/span>\u00a0<span>Who<\/span>\u00a0<span>runs<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>show?<\/span><span>To<\/span>\u00a0<span>understand,<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>has<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>go<\/span>\u00a0<span>back<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>quieter,<\/span><span>more<\/span>\u00a0<span>peaceful<\/span>\u00a0<span>time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Back<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>turn<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>century,<\/span>\u00a0<span>America<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span><span>still<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>largely<\/span>\u00a0<span>white<\/span>\u00a0<span>Anglo-Saxon<\/span>\u00a0<span>Protestant<\/span><span>country.<\/span>\u00a0<span>But<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>face<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>America<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>changing<\/span><span>dramatically.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>new<\/span>\u00a0<span>wave<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>immigrants<\/span><span>jostled<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>sense<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>stability<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>white<\/span>\u00a0<span>Anglo-Saxon<\/span>\u00a0<span>Protestants,<\/span>\u00a0<span>known<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>WASPs.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Many<\/span><span>cities<\/span>\u00a0<span>became<\/span>\u00a0<span>clusters<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>ethnic<\/span>\u00a0<span>neighborhoods<\/span><span>populated<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Irish,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Jewish,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italians,<\/span><span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>others.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Most<\/span>\u00a0<span>immigrants<\/span>\u00a0<span>arrived<\/span>\u00a0<span>in the<\/span>\u00a0<span>US<\/span><span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>very<\/span>\u00a0<span>little<\/span>\u00a0<span>money.<\/span>\u00a0<span>They<\/span>\u00a0<span>lived<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>poverty<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>city<\/span>\u00a0<span>slums.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span>\u00a0<span>lifestyles<\/span>\u00a0<span>seemed<\/span>\u00a0<span>improper<\/span><span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>some<\/span>\u00a0<span>WASPs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Local<\/span>\u00a0<span>crime<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>on the<\/span>\u00a0<span>increase,<\/span>\u00a0<span>street<\/span>\u00a0<span>thefts,<\/span><span>prostitution,<\/span>\u00a0<span>gambling,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>burglary.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>crime<\/span><span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>also<\/span>\u00a0<span>becoming<\/span>\u00a0<span>more<\/span>\u00a0<span>violent.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Well, it&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>been<\/span>\u00a0<span>said<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>defense<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>ethnic<\/span><span>groups<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>feel<\/span>\u00a0<span>slighted<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span>\u00a0<span>association<\/span><span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>crime,<\/span>\u00a0<span>particularly<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italians,<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>crime<\/span><span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>not<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span>\u00a0<span>ethnic<\/span>\u00a0<span>phenomenon,<\/span>\u00a0<span>which<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>certainly<\/span><span>isn&#8217;t.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It certainly<\/span>\u00a0<span>goes<\/span>\u00a0<span>across<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>ethnic<\/span>\u00a0<span>groups.<\/span><span>But,<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>must<\/span>\u00a0<span>understand<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>extreme<\/span><span>criminality<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>often<\/span>\u00a0<span>found<\/span>\u00a0<span>among<\/span>\u00a0<span>groups<\/span>\u00a0<span>which<\/span><span>are,<\/span>\u00a0<span>let&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>say,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>hungriest<\/span>\u00a0<span>when<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>arrive.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>There<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>also<\/span>\u00a0<span>another<\/span>\u00a0<span>side<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>it.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Many<\/span><span>immigrants<\/span>\u00a0<span>brought<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>them<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>hostile<\/span><span>attitude<\/span>\u00a0<span>toward<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>law.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>Irish<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>been<\/span><span>oppressed<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>British,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and,<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>them,<\/span><span>opposition<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>British<\/span>\u00a0<span>law<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>heroic.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span><span>Italians<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>Southern<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italy<\/span>\u00a0<span>felt<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>law<\/span><span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>unjust,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Jews<\/span>\u00a0<span>fled<\/span>\u00a0<span>Eastern<\/span>\u00a0<span>Europe<\/span><span>because<\/span>\u00a0<span>they&#8217;d<\/span>\u00a0<span>been<\/span>\u00a0<span>persecuted<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>denied<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>right<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>own<\/span>\u00a0<span>property.<\/span>\u00a0<span>So<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>many,<\/span>\u00a0<span>getting<\/span><span>around<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>law<\/span>\u00a0<span>was an<\/span>\u00a0<span>honored<\/span>\u00a0<span>activity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>WASPs<\/span>\u00a0<span>feared<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>changes<\/span>\u00a0<span>they were<\/span><span>seeing.<\/span>\u00a0<span>They<\/span>\u00a0<span>wanted<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>establish<\/span>\u00a0<span>more<\/span>\u00a0<span>control.<\/span><span>They<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>particularly<\/span>\u00a0<span>worried<\/span>\u00a0<span>about<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>drinking<\/span>\u00a0<span>habits<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>new<\/span>\u00a0<span>immigrants.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span><span>Anti-Saloon League<\/span>\u00a0<span>and other<\/span>\u00a0<span>temperance<\/span><span>movements<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>already<\/span>\u00a0<span>making<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span>\u00a0<span>opinions<\/span><span>known.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Alcohol<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>detriment<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>youth.<\/span>\u00a0<span>I wish<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>youth<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>America<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>see<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>in the<\/span>\u00a0<span>same<\/span><span>light<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>I<\/span>\u00a0<span>do.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>On<\/span>\u00a0<span>January<\/span>\u00a0<span>16,<\/span>\u00a0<span>1920,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Eighteenth<\/span><span>Amendment<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Constitution<\/span>\u00a0<span>became<\/span>\u00a0<span>federal<\/span><span>law.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Enforced<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Volstead<\/span>\u00a0<span>Act,<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>banned<\/span><span>liquor<\/span>\u00a0<span>sales,<\/span>\u00a0<span>production,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>consumption.<\/span><span>Most<\/span>\u00a0<span>just<\/span>\u00a0<span>called<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>prohibition.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Prohibition<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>hoisted<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>country<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span><span>white<\/span>\u00a0<span>Protestants<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>worried<\/span>\u00a0<span>about<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>new<\/span>\u00a0<span>immigrant<\/span>\u00a0<span>groups,<\/span>\u00a0<span>worried<\/span>\u00a0<span>about<\/span>\u00a0<span>social<\/span><span>control,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>saw<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>abolition<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>liquor<\/span><span>traffic<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>way<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>imposing<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>kind<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>social<\/span><span>control<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>these<\/span>\u00a0<span>new<\/span>\u00a0<span>immigrant<\/span>\u00a0<span>groups.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>However,<\/span>\u00a0<span>many<\/span>\u00a0<span>Americans<\/span>\u00a0<span>did<\/span>\u00a0<span>not<\/span>\u00a0<span>want<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>stop<\/span><span>drinking.<\/span>\u00a0<span>They&#8217;d<\/span>\u00a0<span>suffered<\/span>\u00a0<span>through<\/span>\u00a0<span>World<\/span>\u00a0<span>War<\/span>\u00a0<span>I<\/span><span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>wanted<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>have<\/span>\u00a0<span>some<\/span>\u00a0<span>fun.<\/span>\u00a0<span>A<\/span>\u00a0<span>strong<\/span><span>demand<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>created<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>needed<\/span>\u00a0<span>someone<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>supply<\/span>\u00a0<span>it.<\/span>\u00a0<span>For<\/span>\u00a0<span>many<\/span>\u00a0<span>immigrants<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>we&#8217;re<\/span><span>looking<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>ways<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>make<\/span>\u00a0<span>money,<\/span>\u00a0<span>prohibition<\/span><span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>dream<\/span>\u00a0<span>come<\/span>\u00a0<span>true.<\/span>\u00a0<span>An<\/span>\u00a0<span>illegal,<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>highly<\/span><span>profitable<\/span>\u00a0<span>career<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootlegger,<\/span>\u00a0<span>proved<\/span><span>irresistible.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>Irish<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>first<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootleggers.<\/span><span>In<\/span>\u00a0<span>many<\/span>\u00a0<span>cities,<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>saloon<\/span>\u00a0<span>keepers<\/span><span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>bar<\/span>\u00a0<span>owners,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>close<\/span>\u00a0<span>ties<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>police<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>to the<\/span>\u00a0<span>politicians.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Very<\/span>\u00a0<span>soon,<\/span><span>however,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Irish<\/span>\u00a0<span>met<\/span>\u00a0<span>fierce<\/span>\u00a0<span>competition.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Then<\/span>\u00a0<span>when<\/span>\u00a0<span>you<\/span>\u00a0<span>come<\/span>\u00a0<span>down<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootlegging,<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>course,<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>precisely<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>time<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>young<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italians<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>young<\/span>\u00a0<span>Jews<\/span>\u00a0<span>raised<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span><span>American<\/span>\u00a0<span>slums<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>be coming<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>manhood.<\/span><span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>there<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span>\u00a0<span>opportunity<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>move<\/span>\u00a0<span>quickly<\/span><span>into<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span>\u00a0<span>expanding<\/span>\u00a0<span>business<\/span>\u00a0<span>activity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Most<\/span>\u00a0<span>newly<\/span>\u00a0<span>arrived<\/span>\u00a0<span>Americans<\/span>\u00a0<span>played<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>game<\/span><span>straight,<\/span>\u00a0<span>committed<\/span>\u00a0<span>no<\/span>\u00a0<span>crimes,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>rose<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span><span>their<\/span>\u00a0<span>own<\/span>\u00a0<span>legitimate<\/span>\u00a0<span>efforts.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Gangsters<\/span>\u00a0<span>decided<\/span><span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>steal<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>kill<\/span>\u00a0<span>not<\/span>\u00a0<span>because<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>Irish,<\/span><span>Jewish,<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italian,<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>because<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span><span>criminals.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Ironically,<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>WASPs,<\/span>\u00a0<span>however,<\/span><span>criminal<\/span>\u00a0<span>circumstances<\/span>\u00a0<span>actually<\/span>\u00a0<span>worsened<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>result<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>prohibition.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>No<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>could<\/span>\u00a0<span>predict<\/span>\u00a0<span>what would<\/span>\u00a0<span>happen<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span><span>prohibition.<\/span>\u00a0<span>People<\/span>\u00a0<span>expected<\/span>\u00a0<span>it to<\/span>\u00a0<span>work.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span><span>example<\/span>\u00a0<span>of the<\/span>\u00a0<span>inscrutability<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>history.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Often,<\/span><span>consequences<\/span>\u00a0<span>are<\/span>\u00a0<span>unintended<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>prohibition<\/span><span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>classic<\/span>\u00a0<span>example<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>it.<\/span>\u00a0<span>No one<\/span>\u00a0<span>thought<\/span>\u00a0<span>that it<\/span><span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>produce an<\/span>\u00a0<span>organized<\/span>\u00a0<span>crime<\/span>\u00a0<span>institution<\/span><span>like<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>did.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>WASPs<\/span>\u00a0<span>believed<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>could<\/span>\u00a0<span>use<\/span>\u00a0<span>prohibition<\/span><span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>control<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>recent<\/span>\u00a0<span>immigrants,<\/span>\u00a0<span>what<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span><span>didn&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>know<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>new<\/span>\u00a0<span>defiant<\/span>\u00a0<span>attitude<\/span><span>toward<\/span>\u00a0<span>American<\/span>\u00a0<span>justice<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>taking<\/span>\u00a0<span>root.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Some<\/span><span>Italians<\/span>\u00a0<span>believe<\/span>\u00a0<span>more<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>code<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span><span>any<\/span>\u00a0<span>United<\/span>\u00a0<span>States<\/span>\u00a0<span>law.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>soon,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italian<\/span><span>criminals<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>begin<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>dominate<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>other<\/span><span>ethnic<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangs.<\/span>\u00a0<span>But<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>we&#8217;ll<\/span>\u00a0<span>see,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>1920s<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span><span>still<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>time<\/span>\u00a0<span>when<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangs<\/span>\u00a0<span>needed<\/span>\u00a0<span>each<\/span><span>other.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Bootleggers<\/span>\u00a0<span>connected<\/span>\u00a0<span>coast<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>coast<\/span><span>moving<\/span>\u00a0<span>booze.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>underworld<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>becoming<\/span><span>coordinated<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>organized<\/span>\u00a0<span>crime,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia,<\/span><span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>born.<\/span>\u00a0<span>In<\/span>\u00a0<span>turn,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>helped<\/span>\u00a0<span>organize<\/span><span>American<\/span>\u00a0<span>justice.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>onset<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>prohibition<\/span>\u00a0<span>proved<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span>\u00a0<span>enormous<\/span><span>business<\/span>\u00a0<span>opportunity<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>underworld.<\/span>\u00a0<span>What it<\/span>\u00a0<span>really<\/span>\u00a0<span>spawned<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>criminal<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangs<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span><span>we<\/span>\u00a0<span>know<\/span>\u00a0<span>today.<\/span>\u00a0<span>With<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>passage<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>Volstead<\/span>\u00a0<span>Act,<\/span>\u00a0<span>modern<\/span>\u00a0<span>organized<\/span>\u00a0<span>crime<\/span>\u00a0<span>came<\/span><span>together<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>developed<\/span>\u00a0<span>it&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>web-like<\/span>\u00a0<span>structure.<\/span><span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>like<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span>\u00a0<span>event<\/span>\u00a0<span>waiting<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>happen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Many<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>early<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootleggers<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>been<\/span><span>involved<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>newspaper<\/span>\u00a0<span>wars.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Major<\/span><span>newspapers<\/span>\u00a0<span>hired<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangs<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>thugs<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>force<\/span>\u00a0<span>news<\/span><span>dealers<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>carry<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span>\u00a0<span>paper<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>not<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>oppositions.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>natural<\/span>\u00a0<span>graduation<\/span>\u00a0<span>into<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>prohibition<\/span>\u00a0<span>liquor<\/span>\u00a0<span>trade,<\/span>\u00a0<span>where<\/span>\u00a0<span>making<\/span><span>money<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>violence<\/span>\u00a0<span>went<\/span>\u00a0<span>hand<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>hand.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>most<\/span>\u00a0<span>violent<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>most<\/span>\u00a0<span>successful<\/span><span>bootlegger<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>New<\/span>\u00a0<span>York<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Irishman,<\/span><span>Owney<\/span>\u00a0<span>Madden,<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>convicted<\/span>\u00a0<span>murderer<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>gang<\/span><span>leader.<\/span>\u00a0<span>When<\/span>\u00a0<span>illegal<\/span>\u00a0<span>bars<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>speakeasies<\/span>\u00a0<span>opened<\/span><span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>over<\/span>\u00a0<span>New<\/span>\u00a0<span>York,<\/span>\u00a0<span>many<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>them<\/span>\u00a0<span>serve<\/span><span>Madden&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>beer,<\/span>\u00a0<span>a brew<\/span>\u00a0<span>called<\/span>\u00a0<span>Madden&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>Number<\/span><span>One.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Like<\/span>\u00a0<span>other<\/span>\u00a0<span>successful<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootleggers<\/span>\u00a0<span>during<\/span><span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>time,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Madden<\/span>\u00a0<span>went<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>being<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>nasty,<\/span><span>small<\/span>\u00a0<span>time<\/span>\u00a0<span>killer<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>running<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>major<\/span>\u00a0<span>underworld<\/span><span>business<\/span>\u00a0<span>empire.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Owney<\/span>\u00a0<span>Madden<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>New<\/span>\u00a0<span>York<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>stone<\/span>\u00a0<span>killer.<\/span><span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>ran<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>town.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Ed<\/span>\u00a0<span>Sullivan,<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>Broadway<\/span>\u00a0<span>columnist<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>1920s,<\/span>\u00a0<span>said<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span><span>knowing<\/span>\u00a0<span>Owney<\/span>\u00a0<span>Madden<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>&#8217;20s<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>like<\/span><span>knowing<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>mayor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>story<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>same<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>Boston,<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>city<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>strong<\/span>\u00a0<span>Irish<\/span>\u00a0<span>community<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>history<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>resistance<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>prohibition.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Most<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>bootleggers<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>names<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>we&#8217;ve<\/span>\u00a0<span>forgotten<\/span><span>today,<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>notable<\/span>\u00a0<span>exception,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Joseph<\/span>\u00a0<span>P.<\/span><span>Kennedy,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>founder<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Kennedy<\/span>\u00a0<span>dynasty.<\/span><span>During<\/span>\u00a0<span>prohibition<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>already<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>bank<\/span><span>president<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>making<\/span>\u00a0<span>money<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>stock<\/span><span>market.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>So<\/span>\u00a0<span>many<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Boston<\/span>\u00a0<span>Irish<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>involved<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span><span>bootlegging<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>1920s.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>I<\/span>\u00a0<span>think,<\/span>\u00a0<span>perhaps,<\/span><span>Joe<\/span>\u00a0<span>did<\/span>\u00a0<span>it,<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>level,<\/span>\u00a0<span>just<\/span>\u00a0<span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>guys.<\/span><span>To<\/span>\u00a0<span>have<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>connection<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>old<\/span>\u00a0<span>community<\/span><span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>which<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>sprung<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>which<\/span>\u00a0<span>he had,<\/span><span>frankly,<\/span>\u00a0<span>long<\/span>\u00a0<span>ago<\/span>\u00a0<span>left<\/span>\u00a0<span>behind.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>way<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>returning<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>ethnic<\/span>\u00a0<span>roots<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>East<\/span>\u00a0<span>Boston,<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>become<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootlegger.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>I<\/span>\u00a0<span>think<\/span>\u00a0<span>Joe<\/span>\u00a0<span>Kennedy<\/span>\u00a0<span>did<\/span>\u00a0<span>have<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>natural<\/span>\u00a0<span>affinity<\/span><span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>other<\/span>\u00a0<span>people<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>saw<\/span>\u00a0<span>themselves<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span><span>fighting<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>establishment.<\/span>\u00a0<span>I<\/span>\u00a0<span>don&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>think<\/span>\u00a0<span>there&#8217;s<\/span><span>any<\/span>\u00a0<span>doubt<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>Joseph<\/span>\u00a0<span>Kennedy<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>contact<\/span><span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>number<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>characters<\/span>\u00a0<span>during<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>1920s.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Kennedy<\/span>\u00a0<span>kept<\/span>\u00a0<span>quiet<\/span>\u00a0<span>about<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>underworld<\/span><span>associates<\/span>\u00a0<span>although,<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>maintain<\/span><span>contacts<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>organized<\/span>\u00a0<span>crime<\/span>\u00a0<span>figures<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>life.<\/span><span>His<\/span>\u00a0<span>public<\/span>\u00a0<span>associates<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>more<\/span>\u00a0<span>refined.<\/span>\u00a0<span>When<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Harvard<\/span>\u00a0<span>class<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>1912<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>its<\/span>\u00a0<span>10th<\/span>\u00a0<span>alumni<\/span><span>gathering,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Joe<\/span>\u00a0<span>played<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>critical<\/span>\u00a0<span>role<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>making<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span><span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>roaring<\/span>\u00a0<span>success.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Ralph<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lowell<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Boston<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lowell&#8217;s,<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>secretary<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>class<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>1912,<\/span>\u00a0<span>later<\/span><span>described<\/span>\u00a0<span>Joe<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>our<\/span>\u00a0<span>decennial<\/span>\u00a0<span>Santa<\/span>\u00a0<span>Claus,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>man<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>provided<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>booze.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Joe&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>operatives<\/span><span>brought<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>booze<\/span>\u00a0<span>ashore<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>Plymouth<\/span>\u00a0<span>just<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>pilgrims<\/span>\u00a0<span>had come<\/span>\u00a0<span>ashore<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>1620,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span><span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>great<\/span>\u00a0<span>stuff.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>Harvard<\/span>\u00a0<span>reunion<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>1922,<\/span><span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>very<\/span>\u00a0<span>grateful<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>high<\/span>\u00a0<span>class<\/span>\u00a0<span>booze<\/span><span>provided<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>Joe<\/span>\u00a0<span>Kennedy<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>class.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Most<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootlegging<\/span>\u00a0<span>activities<\/span>\u00a0<span>weren&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>so<\/span><span>altruistic.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Bootlegging<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>business<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>Joe,<\/span><span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>helped<\/span>\u00a0<span>him<\/span>\u00a0<span>launch<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Kennedy<\/span>\u00a0<span>fortune.<\/span><span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>was,<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>course,<\/span>\u00a0<span>also<\/span>\u00a0<span>illegal,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>federal<\/span><span>government<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>doing<\/span>\u00a0<span>its<\/span>\u00a0<span>best<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>stop<\/span>\u00a0<span>the bootleggers.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>difficult<\/span>\u00a0<span>task.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Many<\/span>\u00a0<span>people<\/span><span>didn&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>respect<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>law,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span>\u00a0<span>determination<\/span><span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>keep<\/span>\u00a0<span>drinking<\/span>\u00a0<span>demonstrated<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>creativity<\/span><span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>alive<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>well<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>1920s<\/span>\u00a0<span>America.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Much<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>alcohol<\/span>\u00a0<span>came<\/span>\u00a0<span>across<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Canadian<\/span><span>border.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Much<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>came<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>another<\/span>\u00a0<span>famous<\/span><span>family,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Bronfman&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>Canada.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Sam<\/span><span>Bronfman<\/span>\u00a0<span>used<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>prohibition<\/span>\u00a0<span>trade<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>build<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Seagram&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>empire,<\/span>\u00a0<span>which<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>ran<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span><span>office<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>Montreal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>Bronfman<\/span>\u00a0<span>group<\/span>\u00a0<span>we&#8217;re<\/span>\u00a0<span>able<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>set<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>clan<\/span><span>shipping<\/span>\u00a0<span>company<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>West<\/span>\u00a0<span>Indies,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>even<\/span><span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mexico.<\/span>\u00a0<span>So<\/span>\u00a0<span>what<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>really<\/span>\u00a0<span>did<\/span>\u00a0<span>was to<\/span>\u00a0<span>set<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span><span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>transportation<\/span>\u00a0<span>system<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>way<\/span>\u00a0<span>around<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>United<\/span>\u00a0<span>States,<\/span>\u00a0<span>West<\/span>\u00a0<span>coast,<\/span>\u00a0<span>East<\/span>\u00a0<span>coast,<\/span>\u00a0<span>West<\/span><span>Indies,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>so<\/span>\u00a0<span>on.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>All of<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>took<\/span>\u00a0<span>sophisticated<\/span>\u00a0<span>organization,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>major<\/span>\u00a0<span>reason<\/span>\u00a0<span>why<\/span>\u00a0<span>prohibition<\/span><span>eventually<\/span>\u00a0<span>led<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>creation<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>organized<\/span><span>crime.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Moving<\/span>\u00a0<span>large<\/span>\u00a0<span>amounts<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>liquor<\/span>\u00a0<span>around<\/span><span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>quite<\/span>\u00a0<span>different<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>robbing<\/span>\u00a0<span>banks<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>petty<\/span><span>extortion.<\/span>\u00a0<span>You<\/span>\u00a0<span>had to<\/span>\u00a0<span>ship the<\/span>\u00a0<span>liquor,<\/span>\u00a0<span>you<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>get<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>passed<\/span>\u00a0<span>through the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Coast Guard,<\/span>\u00a0<span>you<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span><span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>stored<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>warehouses,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>sell<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>customer&#8217;s.<\/span>\u00a0<span>This<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>big<\/span>\u00a0<span>business,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span><span>became<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>business<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>organized<\/span>\u00a0<span>crime.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>One<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>main<\/span>\u00a0<span>masterminds<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>Arnold<\/span><span>Rothstein,<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>aptly<\/span>\u00a0<span>called<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>Brain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Rothstein<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>significant<\/span>\u00a0<span>because<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>complete,<\/span>\u00a0<span>I<\/span><span>can<\/span>\u00a0<span>only<\/span>\u00a0<span>say<\/span>\u00a0<span>intellectual,<\/span>\u00a0<span>involvement<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span><span>Brain<\/span>\u00a0<span>marked<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>emergence<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>organized<\/span>\u00a0<span>crime<\/span><span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>complete<\/span>\u00a0<span>business<\/span>\u00a0<span>entity.<\/span>\u00a0<span>If<\/span>\u00a0<span>further<\/span><span>elaboration<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>syndicate<\/span>\u00a0<span>along<\/span>\u00a0<span>business<\/span><span>lines<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>generally<\/span>\u00a0<span>due<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>him.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Arnold<\/span>\u00a0<span>Rothstein<\/span>\u00a0<span>didn&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>have<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>gang<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>most<\/span><span>bootleggers<\/span>\u00a0<span>did.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>money<\/span>\u00a0<span>man,<\/span><span>fronting<\/span>\u00a0<span>money<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>various<\/span>\u00a0<span>enterprises,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>then,<\/span>\u00a0<span>being<\/span>\u00a0<span>owed<\/span>\u00a0<span>money.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Rothstein<\/span>\u00a0<span>came<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span><span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>comfortable<\/span>\u00a0<span>orthodox<\/span>\u00a0<span>Jewish<\/span>\u00a0<span>family<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>Upper<\/span>\u00a0<span>West<\/span>\u00a0<span>Side<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>New<\/span>\u00a0<span>York.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span><span>inveterate<\/span>\u00a0<span>gambler,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>legend<\/span>\u00a0<span>has<\/span>\u00a0<span>it,<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>notorious<\/span>\u00a0<span>1919<\/span>\u00a0<span>World<\/span>\u00a0<span>Series<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>fix<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span><span>Rothstein.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>greatest<\/span>\u00a0<span>scandal<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>history<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>American<\/span>\u00a0<span>baseball.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Eight<\/span>\u00a0<span>members<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Chicago<\/span>\u00a0<span>White<\/span>\u00a0<span>Sox<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>bribed<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>throw<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>series<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Cincinnati<\/span>\u00a0<span>Reds,<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>it&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>fix<\/span><span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>Rothstein<\/span>\u00a0<span>didn&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>do.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>just<\/span>\u00a0<span>heard<\/span>\u00a0<span>about<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>tampering<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>made<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>fortune<\/span>\u00a0<span>betting<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>right<\/span>\u00a0<span>side.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Rothstein<\/span>\u00a0<span>has<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>pupil,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>young<\/span>\u00a0<span>Meyer<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lansky.<\/span><span>Lansky<\/span>\u00a0<span>will<\/span>\u00a0<span>eventually<\/span>\u00a0<span>take<\/span>\u00a0<span>over<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>Rothstein<\/span><span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>mastermind<\/span>\u00a0<span>behind<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lansky<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span><span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>contacts<\/span>\u00a0<span>between<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootleggers<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span><span>New<\/span>\u00a0<span>York<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>Seagram&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>liquor<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>Montreal.<\/span><span>He&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>ways<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Bronfman<\/span>\u00a0<span>move<\/span><span>there<\/span>\u00a0<span>booze<\/span>\u00a0<span>into<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>United<\/span>\u00a0<span>States.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Much<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>blues<\/span>\u00a0<span>came<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>Canada<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>Europe,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>most<\/span>\u00a0<span>important<\/span>\u00a0<span>stepping<\/span>\u00a0<span>off<\/span>\u00a0<span>points<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span><span>flow<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>alcohol<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>small<\/span>\u00a0<span>island<\/span>\u00a0<span>about<\/span>\u00a0<span>20<\/span><span>miles<\/span>\u00a0<span>off<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>coast<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>Newfoundland.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>island<\/span><span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>Saint<\/span>\u00a0<span>Pierre,<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>vestige<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>French<\/span>\u00a0<span>empire,<\/span><span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>outside<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>legal<\/span>\u00a0<span>jurisdictions<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>both<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>United<\/span>\u00a0<span>States<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>Canada.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>proved<\/span><span>enormously<\/span>\u00a0<span>useful<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootleggers<\/span>\u00a0<span>like<\/span>\u00a0<span>Rothstein<\/span><span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lansky.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Legal<\/span>\u00a0<span>booze<\/span>\u00a0<span>would come<\/span>\u00a0<span>into<\/span>\u00a0<span>Saint<\/span>\u00a0<span>Pierre<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span><span>Canada<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>Europe,<\/span>\u00a0<span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>offloaded<\/span>\u00a0<span>there,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>get<\/span><span>fraudulent<\/span>\u00a0<span>papers<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>shipment<\/span>\u00a0<span>somewhere<\/span><span>else.<\/span>\u00a0<span>So<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>legal<\/span>\u00a0<span>manufacturers<\/span>\u00a0<span>could<\/span>\u00a0<span>say,<\/span>\u00a0<span>we<\/span><span>just sent<\/span>\u00a0<span>it to<\/span>\u00a0<span>Saint<\/span>\u00a0<span>Pierre,<\/span>\u00a0<span>we<\/span>\u00a0<span>don&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>know<\/span>\u00a0<span>what<\/span><span>happened<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>after<\/span>\u00a0<span>that.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>liquor<\/span>\u00a0<span>would them<\/span>\u00a0<span>make<\/span>\u00a0<span>its<\/span>\u00a0<span>way<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>US<\/span><span>coast,<\/span>\u00a0<span>where<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>large<\/span>\u00a0<span>ships<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>anchor<\/span>\u00a0<span>three<\/span><span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>five<\/span>\u00a0<span>miles<\/span>\u00a0<span>offshore,<\/span>\u00a0<span>outside<\/span>\u00a0<span>US<\/span>\u00a0<span>coastal<\/span>\u00a0<span>limits.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>So<\/span>\u00a0<span>every<\/span>\u00a0<span>summer,<\/span>\u00a0<span>you<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>have<\/span>\u00a0<span>what<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span><span>called<\/span>\u00a0<span>mother<\/span>\u00a0<span>ships<\/span>\u00a0<span>off<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>coast<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>anywhere<\/span><span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>Boston<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>South<\/span>\u00a0<span>Jersey,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>small<\/span>\u00a0<span>ships<\/span><span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>go<\/span>\u00a0<span>out<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>take<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>booze<\/span>\u00a0<span>off.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>so<\/span><span>common,<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>course,<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>you<\/span>\u00a0<span>could<\/span>\u00a0<span>go<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>New<\/span><span>York<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>tourist<\/span>\u00a0<span>ships<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>take<\/span>\u00a0<span>you<\/span>\u00a0<span>out<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>you<\/span>\u00a0<span>can<\/span>\u00a0<span>watch<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootleggers<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>work.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>Coast<\/span>\u00a0<span>Guard<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>send<\/span>\u00a0<span>high<\/span>\u00a0<span>speed<\/span>\u00a0<span>boats<\/span><span>out<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>try and<\/span>\u00a0<span>intercept<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootleggers,<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span><span>sometimes<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>corruption<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>prohibition<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span><span>reach<\/span>\u00a0<span>them<\/span>\u00a0<span>too.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Once,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Owney<\/span>\u00a0<span>Madden&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>partner<\/span><span>bribed<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Coast<\/span>\u00a0<span>Guard<\/span>\u00a0<span>cutter<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>bring<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>700<\/span><span>cases<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>booze<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>Manhattan<\/span>\u00a0<span>dock.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>For<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootlegger<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>got<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>shipment<\/span><span>ashore,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>challenges<\/span>\u00a0<span>weren&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>over.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Anybody<\/span><span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>wanted<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>hijack<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>booze<\/span>\u00a0<span>could<\/span>\u00a0<span>do<\/span>\u00a0<span>so.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span><span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>frequently<\/span>\u00a0<span>known<\/span>\u00a0<span>where<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>booze<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span><span>going,<\/span>\u00a0<span>even<\/span>\u00a0<span>what<\/span>\u00a0<span>truck it<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>on.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>this,<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span><span>turn,<\/span>\u00a0<span>meant<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>rival<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootleggers<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>higher<\/span><span>gunmen<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>protect<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span>\u00a0<span>trucks,<\/span>\u00a0<span>which<\/span>\u00a0<span>proved<\/span><span>yet<\/span>\u00a0<span>another<\/span>\u00a0<span>step<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>fostering<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>armed<\/span><span>mobsters<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>control<\/span>\u00a0<span>organized<\/span>\u00a0<span>crime.<\/span><span>Prohibition<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>been<\/span>\u00a0<span>meant<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>herald<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span>\u00a0<span>era<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>sobriety<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>clean<\/span>\u00a0<span>living,<\/span>\u00a0<span>instead<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>dawn<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>unprecedented<\/span>\u00a0<span>violence<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>American<\/span><span>life.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Gangsters<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>becoming<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>way<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>life.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>few<\/span><span>cities<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>prove<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>more<\/span>\u00a0<span>tainted,<\/span>\u00a0<span>more<\/span><span>corrupt<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>more<\/span>\u00a0<span>violent<\/span>\u00a0<span>than<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>city<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>brotherly<\/span>\u00a0<span>love,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Philadelphia.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>town<\/span><span>where<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>politicians<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootleggers,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>cops<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>criminals,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>good<\/span>\u00a0<span>times<\/span>\u00a0<span>rolled.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Philadelphia,<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>1920s,<\/span>\u00a0<span>America&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>second<\/span><span>largest<\/span>\u00a0<span>city.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>rivers<\/span>\u00a0<span>ran<\/span>\u00a0<span>murky<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>town.<\/span><span>February,<\/span>\u00a0<span>1927,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>city<\/span>\u00a0<span>witnessed<\/span>\u00a0<span>its first<\/span><span>machine<\/span>\u00a0<span>gun<\/span>\u00a0<span>slaying.<\/span>\u00a0<span>A<\/span>\u00a0<span>murder<\/span>\u00a0<span>worthy<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>movies.<\/span>\u00a0<span>That<\/span>\u00a0<span>night&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>evening<\/span>\u00a0<span>bulletin<\/span>\u00a0<span>used<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>photo<\/span>\u00a0<span>diagram<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>show<\/span>\u00a0<span>how it<\/span>\u00a0<span>happened.<\/span><span>Racket<\/span>\u00a0<span>chieftain,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mickey<\/span>\u00a0<span>Duffy<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>target.<\/span><span>Badly<\/span>\u00a0<span>wounded,<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>escaped<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>life.<\/span>\u00a0<span>His<\/span><span>bodyguard<\/span>\u00a0<span>died.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>So<\/span>\u00a0<span>what was<\/span>\u00a0<span>going<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>city<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>brotherly<\/span><span>love,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Philadelphia?<\/span>\u00a0<span>This<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>America&#8217;s<\/span><span>oldest,<\/span>\u00a0<span>most<\/span>\u00a0<span>respected<\/span>\u00a0<span>cities.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>called<\/span>\u00a0<span>itself<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>workshop<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>world<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>led<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>nation<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span><span>producing<\/span>\u00a0<span>locomotives,<\/span>\u00a0<span>street<\/span>\u00a0<span>cars,<\/span>\u00a0<span>textiles,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>even<\/span>\u00a0<span>hats.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It was a<\/span>\u00a0<span>proud place<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>blue blood<\/span>\u00a0<span>upper<\/span>\u00a0<span>class<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>lived<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>historic<\/span><span>Chestnut<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hill,<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>along<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>so-called<\/span>\u00a0<span>mainline.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>But<\/span>\u00a0<span>there<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>another<\/span>\u00a0<span>side<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>Philadelphia,<\/span>\u00a0<span>less<\/span><span>proper,<\/span>\u00a0<span>more<\/span>\u00a0<span>seamy.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Philadelphia<\/span>\u00a0<span>didn&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>just<\/span><span>lead<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>nation<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>industrial<\/span>\u00a0<span>production.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>leader<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>corruption.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>party<\/span>\u00a0<span>town.<\/span><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>Republican<\/span>\u00a0<span>machine<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>run<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>city<\/span>\u00a0<span>since<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>1870s.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>politicians<\/span>\u00a0<span>ran<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>protection<\/span><span>racket,<\/span>\u00a0<span>being<\/span>\u00a0<span>paid<\/span>\u00a0<span>off<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>gambling<\/span>\u00a0<span>houses,<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>prostitutes,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>saloon<\/span>\u00a0<span>keepers.<\/span><span>Philadelphia&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>best<\/span>\u00a0<span>known<\/span>\u00a0<span>mobster<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>Boo Boo<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hoff.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>grown<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>Jewish<\/span><span>immigrant<\/span>\u00a0<span>neighborhood<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>South<\/span>\u00a0<span>Philadelphia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Boo<\/span>\u00a0<span>Boo<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hoff,<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>most<\/span>\u00a0<span>important<\/span><span>bootlegger<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>Philadelphia,<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>relatively<\/span><span>small<\/span>\u00a0<span>man.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Looked<\/span>\u00a0<span>really,<\/span>\u00a0<span>very<\/span>\u00a0<span>much<\/span>\u00a0<span>like<\/span>\u00a0<span>any<\/span><span>small<\/span>\u00a0<span>businessman.<\/span>\u00a0<span>That<\/span>\u00a0<span>is,<\/span>\u00a0<span>nobody<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>have<\/span><span>mistaken<\/span>\u00a0<span>him<\/span>\u00a0<span>for a<\/span>\u00a0<span>criminal<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>certainly,<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>guy<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>may<\/span>\u00a0<span>have<\/span>\u00a0<span>been<\/span>\u00a0<span>behind<\/span>\u00a0<span>violence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>didn&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>look<\/span>\u00a0<span>much<\/span>\u00a0<span>like<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangster.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Had<\/span>\u00a0<span>no<\/span><span>reputation<\/span>\u00a0<span>himself<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>violence,<\/span>\u00a0<span>although<\/span><span>obviously,<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootlegging<\/span>\u00a0<span>operations<\/span>\u00a0<span>involved<\/span><span>occasional<\/span>\u00a0<span>killings<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>beatings.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Any<\/span>\u00a0<span>major<\/span><span>bootlegging<\/span>\u00a0<span>operation<\/span>\u00a0<span>necessarily,<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>include<\/span>\u00a0<span>such<\/span>\u00a0<span>things.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Boo<\/span>\u00a0<span>Boo<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hoff<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span>\u00a0<span>office<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>downtown<\/span>\u00a0<span>bank<\/span><span>building.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>here<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>he ran<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>unique<\/span><span>blend<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>legal<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>illegal<\/span>\u00a0<span>enterprises.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>good<\/span>\u00a0<span>ties<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>some<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>top<\/span>\u00a0<span>police<\/span><span>officers.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Probably,<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>part,<\/span>\u00a0<span>not<\/span>\u00a0<span>so<\/span>\u00a0<span>much<\/span>\u00a0<span>through<\/span><span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootleggings<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>through a<\/span>\u00a0<span>shared<\/span>\u00a0<span>interest<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span><span>boxing.<\/span>\u00a0<span>I<\/span>\u00a0<span>mean,<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>guy<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>owned<\/span><span>boxers,<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>part<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>sporting<\/span>\u00a0<span>world<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>Philadelphia,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>have<\/span>\u00a0<span>gotten<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>know<\/span><span>lots<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>politicians<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>policemen<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>fights.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>It&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>crooked<\/span>\u00a0<span>enterprise<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>large<\/span>\u00a0<span>measure<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span><span>those<\/span>\u00a0<span>days.<\/span>\u00a0<span>There<\/span>\u00a0<span>are<\/span>\u00a0<span>many<\/span>\u00a0<span>fixed<\/span>\u00a0<span>fights.<\/span>\u00a0<span>There<\/span><span>are<\/span>\u00a0<span>many<\/span>\u00a0<span>fixed<\/span>\u00a0<span>odds.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Bets<\/span>\u00a0<span>are<\/span>\u00a0<span>often<\/span>\u00a0<span>smelly.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>natural<\/span>\u00a0<span>place<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangsters,<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>also<\/span>\u00a0<span>gives<\/span><span>them<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>cover.<\/span>\u00a0<span>If<\/span>\u00a0<span>they&#8217;re<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>another<\/span>\u00a0<span>city,<\/span>\u00a0<span>away<\/span><span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span>\u00a0<span>base<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>have<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>meeting<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>gangster,<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>can<\/span>\u00a0<span>say<\/span>\u00a0<span>they&#8217;re<\/span>\u00a0<span>just<\/span>\u00a0<span>there<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>boxing<\/span>\u00a0<span>match.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>obviously,<\/span>\u00a0<span>there&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>connection<\/span>\u00a0<span>between<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>violence of<\/span>\u00a0<span>boxing<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>violence<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>underworld.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Gangsters,<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>people,<\/span>\u00a0<span>we&#8217;re<\/span>\u00a0<span>not<\/span><span>going<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>object<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>violence<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>boxing.<\/span>\u00a0<span>They<\/span><span>liked<\/span>\u00a0<span>it.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>blood.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>something<\/span>\u00a0<span>there<\/span>\u00a0<span>used<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>comfortable<\/span>\u00a0<span>with.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>natural<\/span>\u00a0<span>place<\/span>\u00a0<span>for them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Boo<\/span>\u00a0<span>Boo<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hoff<\/span>\u00a0<span>used<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>political<\/span>\u00a0<span>connections<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>move<\/span>\u00a0<span>into<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>number<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>profitable<\/span>\u00a0<span>areas.<\/span>\u00a0<span>With<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>onset<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>prohibition,<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>turned<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>attention<\/span><span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>Philadelphia&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>massive<\/span>\u00a0<span>industrial<\/span>\u00a0<span>alcohol<\/span><span>industry.<\/span>\u00a0<span>To<\/span>\u00a0<span>companies<\/span>\u00a0<span>like<\/span>\u00a0<span>Publickers<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>Quaker<\/span>\u00a0<span>Industrial<\/span>\u00a0<span>Alcohol.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>What<\/span>\u00a0<span>they&#8217;re<\/span>\u00a0<span>doing,<\/span>\u00a0<span>then,<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>redistilling<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>alcohol<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>make<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>palatable,<\/span>\u00a0<span>consumable<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span><span>beverages.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Unfortunately,<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>typically<\/span>\u00a0<span>don&#8217;t<\/span><span>do<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>very<\/span>\u00a0<span>good<\/span>\u00a0<span>job<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>this,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>city<\/span>\u00a0<span>coroner<\/span><span>reports<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>10<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>12<\/span>\u00a0<span>people<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>week<\/span>\u00a0<span>are<\/span>\u00a0<span>dying<\/span><span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>alcohol<\/span>\u00a0<span>poisoning.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>it&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>probably<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span><span>undercounting<\/span>\u00a0<span>because,<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>course,<\/span>\u00a0<span>if<\/span>\u00a0<span>dad<\/span>\u00a0<span>has<\/span><span>died<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>tainted<\/span>\u00a0<span>gin,<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>family<\/span>\u00a0<span>doesn&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>want<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>neighbors<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>minister<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>find<\/span>\u00a0<span>out<\/span>\u00a0<span>about<\/span><span>it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Only<\/span>\u00a0<span>part<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>Philadelphia&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>alcohol<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span><span>doctored,<\/span>\u00a0<span>most<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>rest<\/span>\u00a0<span>arrived<\/span>\u00a0<span>via<\/span>\u00a0<span>Europe<\/span><span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>Canada.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Sometimes,<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>came<\/span>\u00a0<span>straight<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Delaware<\/span>\u00a0<span>through<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>docks.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span><span>sometimes,<\/span>\u00a0<span>just<\/span>\u00a0<span>sometimes,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Coast<\/span>\u00a0<span>Guard<\/span><span>caught<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootleggers.<\/span>\u00a0<span>But<\/span>\u00a0<span>more<\/span>\u00a0<span>often<\/span>\u00a0<span>than<\/span><span>not,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Philadelphia&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>booze<\/span>\u00a0<span>made<\/span>\u00a0<span>its<\/span>\u00a0<span>way<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>via<\/span><span>rum<\/span>\u00a0<span>row.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Philadelphia&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootleggers<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>perfect<\/span>\u00a0<span>area<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>smuggling<\/span>\u00a0<span>among<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>vast<\/span><span>stretches<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>tidal<\/span>\u00a0<span>salt<\/span>\u00a0<span>marshes<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Delaware<\/span><span>bay.<\/span>\u00a0<span>They<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>few<\/span>\u00a0<span>people<\/span>\u00a0<span>there,<\/span>\u00a0<span>just<\/span>\u00a0<span>isolated<\/span><span>fishing<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>farming<\/span>\u00a0<span>families.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>So<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>mobsters<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>Philadelphia<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>go<\/span><span>down<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>South<\/span>\u00a0<span>Jersey<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>hide,<\/span><span>particularly<\/span>\u00a0<span>after<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>depression<\/span>\u00a0<span>hit.<\/span>\u00a0<span>They<\/span><span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>hire<\/span>\u00a0<span>these<\/span>\u00a0<span>oyster<\/span>\u00a0<span>men,<\/span>\u00a0<span>fishermen,<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span><span>couldn&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>make<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>living<\/span>\u00a0<span>anymore<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span>\u00a0<span>trades,<\/span><span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>stick<\/span>\u00a0<span>them<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>power<\/span>\u00a0<span>boat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>They&#8217;d<\/span>\u00a0<span>run<\/span>\u00a0<span>out<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>ships,<\/span>\u00a0<span>waiting<\/span>\u00a0<span>ships<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span><span>Canada or<\/span>\u00a0<span>whatever,<\/span>\u00a0<span>they&#8217;d<\/span>\u00a0<span>fill<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>rum<\/span>\u00a0<span>running<\/span><span>boat<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>booze,<\/span>\u00a0<span>often<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>steel<\/span>\u00a0<span>cases,<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>case<\/span><span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>had to<\/span>\u00a0<span>dump<\/span>\u00a0<span>it,<\/span>\u00a0<span>if<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>revenuer<\/span>\u00a0<span>cutter<\/span>\u00a0<span>came<\/span><span>along,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>pick<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>later.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>then,<\/span>\u00a0<span>they&#8217;d<\/span>\u00a0<span>run<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>stuff<\/span>\u00a0<span>into<\/span>\u00a0<span>these<\/span>\u00a0<span>isolated<\/span>\u00a0<span>rivers,<\/span>\u00a0<span>creeks,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>inlets<\/span>\u00a0<span>along<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>bay<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>estuary.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span><span>farmers<\/span>\u00a0<span>then<\/span>\u00a0<span>warehoused<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>stuff<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>could<\/span><span>stay<\/span>\u00a0<span>there<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>week,<\/span>\u00a0<span>a day,<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>months.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span><span>became<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>very<\/span>\u00a0<span>important<\/span>\u00a0<span>part<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>local<\/span><span>economy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>mobsters<\/span>\u00a0<span>didn&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>just<\/span>\u00a0<span>hand<\/span>\u00a0<span>over<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>drink<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>their<\/span>\u00a0<span>clients,<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>wanted<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>bigger<\/span>\u00a0<span>piece<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>action.<\/span>\u00a0<span>They<\/span>\u00a0<span>moved<\/span>\u00a0<span>into<\/span>\u00a0<span>entertainment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>There&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>natural<\/span>\u00a0<span>connection<\/span>\u00a0<span>between<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>bootleggers<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>nightclubs<\/span>\u00a0<span>because,<\/span>\u00a0<span>where<\/span><span>do<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>night<\/span>\u00a0<span>clubs<\/span>\u00a0<span>get<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span>\u00a0<span>liquor?<\/span>\u00a0<span>Obviously,<\/span><span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootleggers.<\/span>\u00a0<span>So<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootleggers<\/span><span>become<\/span>\u00a0<span>partners<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>many<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>people<\/span><span>running<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>nightclubs<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>time,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>ultimately,<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>own<\/span>\u00a0<span>many of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>clubs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Boo<\/span>\u00a0<span>Boo<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hoff<\/span>\u00a0<span>ran<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Turf<\/span>\u00a0<span>Club,<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Sylvania<\/span><span>Hotel,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>several<\/span>\u00a0<span>other<\/span>\u00a0<span>clubs,<\/span>\u00a0<span>which<\/span>\u00a0<span>attracted<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>city&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>upper<\/span>\u00a0<span>class.<\/span>\u00a0<span>At<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>speakeasies,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>elite<\/span>\u00a0<span>could<\/span>\u00a0<span>rub<\/span>\u00a0<span>elbows<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>underworld.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>speakeasy<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>daring,<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>place<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>go.<\/span><span>Anybody<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>anybody<\/span>\u00a0<span>wanted<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>seen<\/span><span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>these<\/span>\u00a0<span>kinds<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>places.<\/span>\u00a0<span>You<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>have<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>business<\/span>\u00a0<span>card<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>get<\/span>\u00a0<span>in.<\/span>\u00a0<span>You<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>know<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>owner.<\/span>\u00a0<span>There<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>daringness<\/span>\u00a0<span>to it.<\/span>\u00a0<span>There<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span><span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>bravado.<\/span>\u00a0<span>In<\/span>\u00a0<span>a sense,<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>kind<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>voyeuristic<\/span>\u00a0<span>thrill.<\/span>\u00a0<span>You<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>doing<\/span>\u00a0<span>something<\/span><span>daring.<\/span>\u00a0<span>You<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>tweaking<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>nose<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>Uncle<\/span><span>Sam,<\/span>\u00a0<span>while<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>same<\/span>\u00a0<span>time,<\/span>\u00a0<span>experiencing<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>great<\/span>\u00a0<span>new<\/span>\u00a0<span>art<\/span>\u00a0<span>form<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>jazz,<\/span>\u00a0<span>socializing<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>high<\/span>\u00a0<span>brows<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>society<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>literati,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>Gold<\/span>\u00a0<span>Coast<\/span>\u00a0<span>mavens.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>wonderful<\/span>\u00a0<span>time<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>alive.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>[SINGING]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Many<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>America&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>most<\/span>\u00a0<span>famous<\/span>\u00a0<span>musicians<\/span><span>played<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>speakeasies,<\/span>\u00a0<span>also<\/span>\u00a0<span>rubbing<\/span>\u00a0<span>elbows<\/span><span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>mobsters.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>There was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>certain<\/span>\u00a0<span>affinity<\/span>\u00a0<span>between<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>gangsters<\/span>\u00a0<span>and the<\/span>\u00a0<span>jazzmen.<\/span>\u00a0<span>They have<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>certain<\/span><span>common<\/span>\u00a0<span>ground.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Nocturnal<\/span>\u00a0<span>habits,<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>style<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>dressing,<\/span>\u00a0<span>disapproval<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>straight<\/span>\u00a0<span>world,<\/span><span>things<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>hide,<\/span>\u00a0<span>glamorous<\/span>\u00a0<span>women,<\/span>\u00a0<span>secrets.<\/span>\u00a0<span>They<\/span><span>understood<\/span>\u00a0<span>each<\/span>\u00a0<span>other<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>interesting<\/span>\u00a0<span>ways<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>time<\/span>\u00a0<span>when<\/span>\u00a0<span>blacks<\/span>\u00a0<span>and whites<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>very<\/span>\u00a0<span>little<\/span><span>contact<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>social<\/span>\u00a0<span>peers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>There<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>no<\/span>\u00a0<span>question<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>ran the<\/span>\u00a0<span>show.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Take<\/span><span>New<\/span>\u00a0<span>York&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>Cotton<\/span>\u00a0<span>Club,<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>fanciest<\/span><span>nightclubs<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>country.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>ownership<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span><span>concealed,<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>boss<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>Owney<\/span>\u00a0<span>Madden.<\/span><span>Owney<\/span>\u00a0<span>Madden<\/span>\u00a0<span>wants<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>best<\/span>\u00a0<span>entertainers.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span><span>wants<\/span>\u00a0<span>Duke<\/span>\u00a0<span>Ellington,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>he&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>distressed<\/span>\u00a0<span>when<\/span><span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>1927,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Duke<\/span>\u00a0<span>goes<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>play<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>Philadelphia&#8217;s<\/span><span>Standard<\/span>\u00a0<span>Theater.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>So<\/span>\u00a0<span>Owney<\/span>\u00a0<span>Madden<\/span>\u00a0<span>calls<\/span>\u00a0<span>down<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>buddy<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span><span>Philadelphia,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Maxie<\/span>\u00a0<span>Boo<\/span>\u00a0<span>Boo<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hoff,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>Boo Boo<\/span><span>Hoff<\/span>\u00a0<span>sends<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>associate,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Charlie<\/span>\u00a0<span>Yankee<\/span><span>Schwartz,<\/span>\u00a0<span>over<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>manager<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Standard,<\/span><span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>delivers<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>famous<\/span>\u00a0<span>line,<\/span>\u00a0<span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>big<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>dead.<\/span><span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>Ellington<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>orchestra<\/span>\u00a0<span>pack<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span><span>bags,<\/span>\u00a0<span>head<\/span>\u00a0<span>back<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>New<\/span>\u00a0<span>York,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>begin<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span><span>famous<\/span>\u00a0<span>engagement<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Cotton<\/span>\u00a0<span>Club.<\/span>\u00a0<span>There<\/span><span>after,<\/span>\u00a0<span>any<\/span>\u00a0<span>time<\/span>\u00a0<span>Ellington<\/span>\u00a0<span>wants<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>take<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>band<\/span><span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>road,<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>has<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>pay<\/span>\u00a0<span>Cab<\/span>\u00a0<span>Calloway&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>band<\/span><span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>take<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>place<\/span>\u00a0<span>at the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Cotton Club,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>connection<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>type.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Essentially,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Madden<\/span><span>owns<\/span>\u00a0<span>Ellington&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>band<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>those<\/span>\u00a0<span>years.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>In<\/span>\u00a0<span>Philadelphia,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>sound<\/span>\u00a0<span>of music<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>turning<\/span><span>ugly,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>bell<\/span>\u00a0<span>began<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>ring<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>reforms.<\/span><span>When<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>city<\/span>\u00a0<span>elected a new<\/span>\u00a0<span>mayor,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Freeland<\/span><span>Kendrick,<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>asked<\/span>\u00a0<span>President<\/span>\u00a0<span>Coolidge<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>send<\/span><span>someone<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>clean<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>city.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Marine<\/span>\u00a0<span>Brigadier<\/span><span>General<\/span>\u00a0<span>Smedley<\/span>\u00a0<span>Darlington<\/span>\u00a0<span>Butler<\/span>\u00a0<span>arrived<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>started<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>determined<\/span>\u00a0<span>campaign<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>stomp<\/span>\u00a0<span>out<\/span><span>crime<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>enforce<\/span>\u00a0<span>prohibition.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Butler<\/span><span>discovered<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>nearly<\/span>\u00a0<span>everyone<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>take,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>police,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>politicians,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>mobsters.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Butler<\/span>\u00a0<span>becomes<\/span>\u00a0<span>increasingly<\/span>\u00a0<span>frustrated.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>goes<\/span><span>public<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>frustrations.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>gets<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span><span>arguments<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>mayor.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>finally,<\/span>\u00a0<span>before<\/span><span>leaving<\/span>\u00a0<span>after<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>end<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>second<\/span>\u00a0<span>year,<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>speech<\/span>\u00a0<span>before<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>group<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>women<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>Pittsburgh,<\/span><span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>calls<\/span>\u00a0<span>Philadelphia<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>cesspool<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>edge<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>state.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>says<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>Philadelphia<\/span>\u00a0<span>simply<\/span><span>lacks<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>will<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>resolve<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>enforce<\/span>\u00a0<span>prohibition.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Philadelphians<\/span>\u00a0<span>are<\/span>\u00a0<span>upset<\/span>\u00a0<span>about<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>situation.<\/span><span>So<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>1928,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Judge<\/span>\u00a0<span>Edwin<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lewis<\/span>\u00a0<span>convenes<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>grand<\/span>\u00a0<span>jury<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>look<\/span>\u00a0<span>into<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>matter.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>takes<\/span>\u00a0<span>lots<\/span><span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>evidence<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>lots<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>witnesses<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>story<\/span><span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>grisly.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>extent<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>graft,<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>estimates<\/span>\u00a0<span>at about<\/span>\u00a0<span>$2<\/span>\u00a0<span>million<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>year,<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>being<\/span>\u00a0<span>paid<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>Philadelphia<\/span>\u00a0<span>cops<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>politicians<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>bootleggers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>In<\/span>\u00a0<span>August<\/span>\u00a0<span>1928,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>jury<\/span>\u00a0<span>announced<\/span>\u00a0<span>its<\/span>\u00a0<span>findings.<\/span><span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>damning<\/span>\u00a0<span>indictment<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>Philadelphia<\/span>\u00a0<span>police.<\/span>\u00a0<span>They<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>discovered<\/span>\u00a0<span>24<\/span><span>high<\/span>\u00a0<span>ranking<\/span>\u00a0<span>officers<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>bank<\/span>\u00a0<span>accounts<\/span>\u00a0<span>worth<\/span><span>about<\/span>\u00a0<span>3\/4<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>million<\/span>\u00a0<span>dollars.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Not<\/span>\u00a0<span>bad<\/span>\u00a0<span>when<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>average<\/span>\u00a0<span>policeman<\/span>\u00a0<span>salary<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>only<\/span>\u00a0<span>about<\/span><span>$2,000<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>year.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>policeman<\/span>\u00a0<span>came<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>some<\/span>\u00a0<span>weak<\/span><span>excuses.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Some<\/span>\u00a0<span>said<\/span>\u00a0<span>they&#8217;d<\/span>\u00a0<span>been<\/span>\u00a0<span>lucky<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>crap<\/span><span>games.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Others,<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>bet<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>right<\/span><span>horse.<\/span>\u00a0<span>In<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>end,<\/span>\u00a0<span>138<\/span>\u00a0<span>policemen<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>found<\/span><span>unfit<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>service.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Boo<\/span>\u00a0<span>Boo<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hoof,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>grand,<\/span>\u00a0<span>jury&#8217;<\/span>\u00a0<span>final<\/span>\u00a0<span>statement<\/span><span>says,<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>probably<\/span>\u00a0<span>behind<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>this,<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>we<\/span>\u00a0<span>can&#8217;t<\/span><span>indict<\/span>\u00a0<span>him.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>too<\/span>\u00a0<span>insulated<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>fronts<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>covers,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>so<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>grand<\/span>\u00a0<span>jury<\/span>\u00a0<span>really<\/span>\u00a0<span>amounted<\/span><span>to not<\/span>\u00a0<span>very<\/span>\u00a0<span>much.<\/span>\u00a0<span>They got<\/span>\u00a0<span>some<\/span>\u00a0<span>very<\/span><span>interesting<\/span>\u00a0<span>information<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>no<\/span>\u00a0<span>arrests,<\/span>\u00a0<span>no<\/span><span>prosecutions<\/span>\u00a0<span>can<\/span>\u00a0<span>from it.<\/span>\u00a0<span>They<\/span>\u00a0<span>could<\/span>\u00a0<span>not<\/span>\u00a0<span>touch<\/span><span>Boo Boo<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hoff.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Boo Boo<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hoff<\/span>\u00a0<span>survived<\/span>\u00a0<span>prohibition<\/span>\u00a0<span>without<\/span><span>going<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>jail,<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>there<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>crime<\/span>\u00a0<span>fighters<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span><span>refused<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>give<\/span>\u00a0<span>up,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span><span>extraordinary<\/span>\u00a0<span>young<\/span>\u00a0<span>woman.<\/span>\u00a0<span>At<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>time,<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>rare<\/span><span>figure<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>American<\/span>\u00a0<span>justice.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Alcohol<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>hindering<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>coming<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>world<\/span>\u00a0<span>peace<\/span><span>because<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>befuddling<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>thinking<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>humanity.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>no<\/span>\u00a0<span>laughing<\/span>\u00a0<span>matter<\/span>\u00a0<span>today<\/span>\u00a0<span>when<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>National<\/span>\u00a0<span>Survey<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>Education<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>alcoholism<\/span><span>states<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>six<\/span>\u00a0<span>out<\/span>\u00a0<span>of&#8211;<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>out<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>every<\/span>\u00a0<span>six<\/span><span>boozers<\/span>\u00a0<span>are<\/span>\u00a0<span>women.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>women&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>movement,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>Suffragettes,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Women&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>Christian<\/span><span>Temperance<\/span>\u00a0<span>Union,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>powerful<\/span>\u00a0<span>Anti-Saloon<\/span>\u00a0<span>League<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>been<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>driving<\/span>\u00a0<span>force<\/span><span>behind<\/span>\u00a0<span>prohibition.<\/span>\u00a0<span>So<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>logical,<\/span>\u00a0<span>if<\/span><span>somewhat<\/span>\u00a0<span>radical,<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>woman,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mabel<\/span>\u00a0<span>Walker<\/span><span>Willebrandt,<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>asked<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>enforce<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>new<\/span>\u00a0<span>law.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>A<\/span>\u00a0<span>woman<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>very<\/span>\u00a0<span>important<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span><span>position<\/span>\u00a0<span>because<\/span>\u00a0<span>prohibition<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>looked<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>woman&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>issue.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Women<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>just<\/span>\u00a0<span>got<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>vote,<\/span>\u00a0<span>so<\/span><span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>high<\/span>\u00a0<span>visibility<\/span>\u00a0<span>position.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>moral<\/span><span>crusade<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>many<\/span>\u00a0<span>people.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Mabel<\/span>\u00a0<span>Walker<\/span>\u00a0<span>Willebrandt<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span>\u00a0<span>unusual<\/span><span>woman.<\/span>\u00a0<span>She<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>born<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>Kansas,<\/span>\u00a0<span>began<\/span>\u00a0<span>school<\/span><span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>13,<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>principle<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>22,<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>lawyer<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>27,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>just<\/span>\u00a0<span>32<\/span>\u00a0<span>when<\/span>\u00a0<span>President<\/span>\u00a0<span>Harding<\/span>\u00a0<span>appointed<\/span><span>her<\/span>\u00a0<span>Helpant<\/span>\u00a0<span>Attorney<\/span>\u00a0<span>General<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>1921.<\/span>\u00a0<span>She<\/span><span>became<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>enemy<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootleggers<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>what<\/span><span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>become<\/span>\u00a0<span>organized<\/span>\u00a0<span>crime.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>For<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>of my<\/span>\u00a0<span>life,<\/span>\u00a0<span>I&#8217;ve<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>most<\/span>\u00a0<span>uncanny<\/span><span>feeling<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>always<\/span>\u00a0<span>seems<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>say<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>me,<\/span>\u00a0<span>you<\/span>\u00a0<span>are<\/span><span>marked<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>step<\/span>\u00a0<span>into<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>crisis<\/span>\u00a0<span>sometime<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>instrument<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>God.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>seems<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>may<\/span>\u00a0<span>mean<\/span><span>danger<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>disgrace<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>some<\/span>\u00a0<span>way<\/span>\u00a0<span>cause<\/span>\u00a0<span>me<\/span><span>agony<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>heart<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>I<\/span>\u00a0<span>can&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>escape<\/span>\u00a0<span>it.<\/span>\u00a0<span>With<\/span><span>recurring<\/span>\u00a0<span>frequency,<\/span>\u00a0<span>I&#8217;ve<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>feeling<\/span>\u00a0<span>so<\/span><span>often,<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>my<\/span>\u00a0<span>life<\/span>\u00a0<span>since<\/span>\u00a0<span>I<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>very<\/span>\u00a0<span>little<\/span>\u00a0<span>girl.<\/span><span>Lately,<\/span>\u00a0<span>I&#8217;ve<\/span>\u00a0<span>quit<\/span>\u00a0<span>fighting<\/span>\u00a0<span>it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Apparently,<\/span>\u00a0<span>trying<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>enforce<\/span>\u00a0<span>prohibition<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span><span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>special<\/span>\u00a0<span>mission<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>God<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>mind<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span><span>her.<\/span>\u00a0<span>That<\/span>\u00a0<span>gave<\/span>\u00a0<span>her<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>strength<\/span>\u00a0<span>she<\/span>\u00a0<span>needed<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>persist,<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>also<\/span>\u00a0<span>gave<\/span>\u00a0<span>her<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>kind<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>fanatical<\/span><span>edge.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Willebrandt<\/span>\u00a0<span>believed<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>upholding<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>law<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>prohibition.<\/span>\u00a0<span>She<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>wine,<\/span>\u00a0<span>certainly,<\/span><span>before&#8211;<\/span>\u00a0<span>whiskey<\/span>\u00a0<span>sours<\/span>\u00a0<span>before<\/span>\u00a0<span>she<\/span>\u00a0<span>came<\/span>\u00a0<span>into<\/span><span>office.<\/span>\u00a0<span>She<\/span>\u00a0<span>didn&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>drink<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>while<\/span>\u00a0<span>she<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span><span>office<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>she<\/span>\u00a0<span>worked<\/span>\u00a0<span>fiercely<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>viewed<\/span><span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>zealot<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>enforce<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>law.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>It&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>often<\/span>\u00a0<span>said<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>drinking<\/span>\u00a0<span>actually<\/span>\u00a0<span>went<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span><span>during<\/span>\u00a0<span>prohibition,<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>wasn&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>case.<\/span><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>only<\/span>\u00a0<span>thing<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>went<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>price.<\/span><span>Name<\/span>\u00a0<span>brand<\/span>\u00a0<span>whiskey,<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>instance,<\/span>\u00a0<span>went<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>dime<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>shot<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>much<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>$3.<\/span>\u00a0<span>People<\/span>\u00a0<span>may<\/span>\u00a0<span>have just<\/span>\u00a0<span>thought<\/span>\u00a0<span>there<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>more<\/span>\u00a0<span>drinking<\/span>\u00a0<span>because<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span><span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>more<\/span>\u00a0<span>daring,<\/span>\u00a0<span>more<\/span>\u00a0<span>celebrated,<\/span>\u00a0<span>more<\/span><span>extreme.<\/span>\u00a0<span>One<\/span>\u00a0<span>drinks<\/span>\u00a0<span>recipe<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>time<\/span><span>captured<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>atmosphere.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Take<\/span>\u00a0<span>three<\/span>\u00a0<span>chorus<\/span>\u00a0<span>girls<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>three<\/span>\u00a0<span>men,<\/span>\u00a0<span>soak<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span><span>champagne<\/span>\u00a0<span>till<\/span>\u00a0<span>midnight,<\/span>\u00a0<span>squeeze<\/span>\u00a0<span>into<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span><span>automobile,<\/span>\u00a0<span>add<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>drunken<\/span>\u00a0<span>chauffeur,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>dash<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>joy.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Shake<\/span>\u00a0<span>well<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>serve<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>70<\/span>\u00a0<span>miles<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span><span>hour.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Chaser,<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>coroner&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>inquest.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>saloon<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>been<\/span>\u00a0<span>replaced<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>speakeasies,<\/span><span>some<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>which<\/span>\u00a0<span>lived<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>to their<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hollywood<\/span><span>image<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>secret<\/span>\u00a0<span>peepholes,<\/span>\u00a0<span>breathless<\/span><span>passwords,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>fantastic<\/span>\u00a0<span>decor.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Many<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>best<\/span>\u00a0<span>known<\/span>\u00a0<span>people<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>society<\/span>\u00a0<span>visited<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>speakeasies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>So<\/span>\u00a0<span>you<\/span>\u00a0<span>have<\/span>\u00a0<span>millions<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>lawbreakers,<\/span>\u00a0<span>perfectly<\/span><span>law<\/span>\u00a0<span>abiding<\/span>\u00a0<span>citizens<\/span>\u00a0<span>otherwise,<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>now<\/span>\u00a0<span>are<\/span><span>breaking<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>federal<\/span>\u00a0<span>law<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>drinking.<\/span>\u00a0<span>So<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>line<\/span><span>becomes<\/span>\u00a0<span>blurred,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>organized<\/span>\u00a0<span>crime<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>much<\/span><span>more<\/span>\u00a0<span>intertwined<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>American<\/span>\u00a0<span>life<\/span>\u00a0<span>because<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>prohibition<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>way<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>not<\/span>\u00a0<span>before<\/span>\u00a0<span>that.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>She<\/span>\u00a0<span>kept<\/span>\u00a0<span>saying<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>upper<\/span>\u00a0<span>class,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>Kennedy&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>world,<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>particular<\/span><span>responsibility.<\/span>\u00a0<span>She<\/span>\u00a0<span>felt<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>very<\/span>\u00a0<span>important<\/span><span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>she<\/span>\u00a0<span>pressed<\/span>\u00a0<span>that.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>said,<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>seemed<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>sometimes,<\/span>\u00a0<span>just<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>working<\/span>\u00a0<span>class<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span><span>out<\/span>\u00a0<span>there,<\/span>\u00a0<span>made<\/span>\u00a0<span>prey<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootleggers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>But<\/span>\u00a0<span>she<\/span>\u00a0<span>found<\/span>\u00a0<span>yourself<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>few<\/span>\u00a0<span>true<\/span>\u00a0<span>allies<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>Justice<\/span>\u00a0<span>Department.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>She<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>surrounded<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>older,<\/span>\u00a0<span>skeptical<\/span>\u00a0<span>men<\/span><span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>are<\/span>\u00a0<span>doubtful<\/span>\u00a0<span>about<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>whole<\/span>\u00a0<span>enterprise.<\/span><span>She<\/span>\u00a0<span>got<\/span>\u00a0<span>very<\/span>\u00a0<span>little<\/span>\u00a0<span>cooperation<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>Attorney&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>General,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Harry<\/span>\u00a0<span>Daugherty,<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span><span>example.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Harding&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>notoriously<\/span>\u00a0<span>crooked<\/span><span>Attorney<\/span>\u00a0<span>General<\/span>\u00a0<span>give her<\/span>\u00a0<span>no<\/span>\u00a0<span>cooperation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>Justice<\/span>\u00a0<span>Department<\/span>\u00a0<span>made<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>great<\/span>\u00a0<span>song<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>dance<\/span>\u00a0<span>about<\/span>\u00a0<span>clamping<\/span>\u00a0<span>down<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootleggers,<\/span><span>calling<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>newsreel<\/span>\u00a0<span>cameramen<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>show<\/span><span>their<\/span>\u00a0<span>dramatic<\/span>\u00a0<span>raids<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>public.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>When<\/span>\u00a0<span>I<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>appointed<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>office,<\/span>\u00a0<span>I<\/span>\u00a0<span>stated<\/span><span>publicly<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>promised<\/span>\u00a0<span>myself<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>we<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span><span>enforce<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>national<\/span>\u00a0<span>prohibition<\/span>\u00a0<span>policies<\/span><span>honestly<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>earnestly<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>lawfully.<\/span>\u00a0<span>I do<\/span>\u00a0<span>not like<\/span>\u00a0<span>spectacular<\/span>\u00a0<span>methods<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>anything<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>may be<\/span>\u00a0<span>described<\/span>\u00a0<span>as a<\/span>\u00a0<span>[? drive. ?]<\/span>\u00a0<span>Steady,<\/span>\u00a0<span>relentless<\/span><span>pressure<\/span>\u00a0<span>intelligently<\/span>\u00a0<span>applied<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>maximum<\/span><span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>our<\/span>\u00a0<span>resources<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>times<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>seasons<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span><span>our<\/span>\u00a0<span>aim<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>intention.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>truth<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>feds<\/span>\u00a0<span>frequently<\/span>\u00a0<span>turned<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>blind<\/span>\u00a0<span>eye.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>Prohibition<\/span>\u00a0<span>Bureau<\/span>\u00a0<span>agents<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span><span>poorly<\/span>\u00a0<span>paid<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>easily<\/span>\u00a0<span>bribed.<\/span>\u00a0<span>One<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>12<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span><span>dismissed<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>corruption,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>many<\/span>\u00a0<span>quit<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>become<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootleggers.<\/span>\u00a0<span>But<\/span>\u00a0<span>Willebrandt<\/span>\u00a0<span>refused<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>give<\/span>\u00a0<span>up.<\/span>\u00a0<span>She<\/span>\u00a0<span>began<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>campaign<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>Florida,<\/span><span>where<\/span>\u00a0<span>much<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>booze<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>coming<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>via<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>Bahamas<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>Cuba.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Willebrandt<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span><span>determined<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>clamp<\/span>\u00a0<span>down.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>most<\/span>\u00a0<span>dramatic<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>Florida,<\/span>\u00a0<span>where<\/span>\u00a0<span>she<\/span><span>really<\/span>\u00a0<span>got<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>government<\/span>\u00a0<span>agencies,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>Navy<\/span>\u00a0<span>which<\/span>\u00a0<span>sent<\/span>\u00a0<span>down<\/span>\u00a0<span>11<\/span>\u00a0<span>destroyers,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the Coast<\/span><span>Guard,<\/span>\u00a0<span>you<\/span>\u00a0<span>have<\/span>\u00a0<span>30<\/span>\u00a0<span>vessels,<\/span>\u00a0<span>two<\/span>\u00a0<span>airplanes,<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>gigantic<\/span>\u00a0<span>attack.<\/span>\u00a0<span>You<\/span>\u00a0<span>really<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>make<\/span><span>tremendous<\/span>\u00a0<span>raids.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>something<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>personal<\/span>\u00a0<span>triumph<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span><span>Willebrandt,<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>when<\/span>\u00a0<span>she<\/span>\u00a0<span>turned<\/span>\u00a0<span>her<\/span>\u00a0<span>attention<\/span><span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>padlocking<\/span>\u00a0<span>New York&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>speakeasies,<\/span>\u00a0<span>she<\/span><span>stirred<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>criticism.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>People<\/span>\u00a0<span>did<\/span>\u00a0<span>call<\/span>\u00a0<span>foul<\/span>\u00a0<span>because<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>thought it was<\/span><span>a little<\/span>\u00a0<span>unfortunate<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>you were<\/span>\u00a0<span>having<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span><span>these<\/span>\u00a0<span>raids,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>raids<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>highly<\/span>\u00a0<span>publicized<\/span><span>because<\/span>\u00a0<span>there<\/span>\u00a0<span>are<\/span>\u00a0<span>so<\/span>\u00a0<span>many<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>them.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Plus<\/span>\u00a0<span>which,<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>US<\/span>\u00a0<span>Attorney,<\/span>\u00a0<span>obviously,<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>not<\/span>\u00a0<span>agreeing<\/span><span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mabel,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>giving<\/span>\u00a0<span>out<\/span>\u00a0<span>adverse<\/span>\u00a0<span>stories<\/span><span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>there<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>sort<\/span>\u00a0<span>of a<\/span>\u00a0<span>Roman<\/span>\u00a0<span>holiday<\/span>\u00a0<span>going<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span><span>there.<\/span>\u00a0<span>But<\/span>\u00a0<span>great,<\/span>\u00a0<span>great<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>flapdoodle.<\/span>\u00a0<span>She<\/span>\u00a0<span>just<\/span><span>blew it<\/span>\u00a0<span>off<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>said,<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>something<\/span>\u00a0<span>we&#8217;ve<\/span><span>been<\/span>\u00a0<span>doing.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>in her<\/span>\u00a0<span>annual<\/span>\u00a0<span>report<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>year<\/span><span>she<\/span>\u00a0<span>pointed<\/span>\u00a0<span>out<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>7,000<\/span>\u00a0<span>padlocks<\/span>\u00a0<span>injunctions<\/span><span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>been<\/span>\u00a0<span>actually<\/span>\u00a0<span>instituted<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>year.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>she<\/span><span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>pleased<\/span>\u00a0<span>because<\/span>\u00a0<span>after<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>headlines<\/span>\u00a0<span>went,<\/span><span>they&#8217;d<\/span>\u00a0<span>taken<\/span>\u00a0<span>18<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>court<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>they&#8217;d<\/span>\u00a0<span>found<\/span>\u00a0<span>guilty<\/span><span>15<\/span>\u00a0<span>of them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>But<\/span>\u00a0<span>Willebrandt<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>getting<\/span>\u00a0<span>worn<\/span>\u00a0<span>down<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>constant<\/span>\u00a0<span>struggle.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Mabel&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>great<\/span>\u00a0<span>frustration<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>she<\/span>\u00a0<span>always<\/span>\u00a0<span>got<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>little<\/span>\u00a0<span>fish.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>very<\/span>\u00a0<span>hard<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>get<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>big<\/span>\u00a0<span>fish,<\/span><span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>she<\/span>\u00a0<span>wanted<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>big<\/span>\u00a0<span>fish.<\/span>\u00a0<span>She<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>cartoon<\/span><span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>she<\/span>\u00a0<span>kept,<\/span>\u00a0<span>which<\/span>\u00a0<span>showed<\/span>\u00a0<span>her<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>mop<\/span><span>trying<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>mop<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>keep<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>back,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>incoming<\/span>\u00a0<span>waves,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>obvious<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>there<\/span><span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>inundation<\/span>\u00a0<span>coming.<\/span>\u00a0<span>When<\/span>\u00a0<span>she<\/span>\u00a0<span>left<\/span><span>office<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>1929,<\/span>\u00a0<span>she<\/span>\u00a0<span>wrote<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>her<\/span>\u00a0<span>parents<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>she<\/span><span>felt<\/span>\u00a0<span>very<\/span>\u00a0<span>often<\/span>\u00a0<span>like<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>little<\/span>\u00a0<span>boy<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>put<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>arm<\/span><span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>dike.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>so she&#8217;d<\/span>\u00a0<span>stopped<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>lot<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>things,<\/span><span>she<\/span>\u00a0<span>said,<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>it&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>wearing<\/span>\u00a0<span>way<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>hero.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Years<\/span>\u00a0<span>later,<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>judge<\/span>\u00a0<span>said of<\/span>\u00a0<span>Willebrandt,<\/span>\u00a0<span>if<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mabel<\/span><span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>worn<\/span>\u00a0<span>trousers,<\/span>\u00a0<span>she<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>have<\/span>\u00a0<span>been<\/span><span>president.<\/span>\u00a0<span>But<\/span>\u00a0<span>despite<\/span>\u00a0<span>her<\/span>\u00a0<span>good<\/span>\u00a0<span>work,<\/span>\u00a0<span>some<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>worst<\/span>\u00a0<span>criminals<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>American<\/span>\u00a0<span>history<\/span>\u00a0<span>we&#8217;re<\/span><span>beginning<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>emerge.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>most<\/span>\u00a0<span>important<\/span>\u00a0<span>legacy<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>prohibition<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>creation<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>organized<\/span>\u00a0<span>crime.<\/span>\u00a0<span>But<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>wasn&#8217;t<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Irish<\/span>\u00a0<span>gang<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Jewish<\/span>\u00a0<span>mob<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span><span>ultimately<\/span>\u00a0<span>rule.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Cosa<\/span>\u00a0<span>Nostra,<\/span>\u00a0<span>better<\/span><span>known<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italian<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Italians<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia.<\/span>\u00a0<span>No one<\/span>\u00a0<span>else had<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span><span>secret<\/span>\u00a0<span>criminal<\/span>\u00a0<span>brotherhood.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>gives<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>Italians<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span>\u00a0<span>extraordinary<\/span>\u00a0<span>cohesiveness<\/span>\u00a0<span>and a<\/span><span>kind of<\/span>\u00a0<span>national<\/span>\u00a0<span>organization<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Irish<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>Jewish<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangs<\/span>\u00a0<span>did not<\/span>\u00a0<span>have.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>From<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>quiet<\/span>\u00a0<span>dark<\/span>\u00a0<span>alleys<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>Little<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italy<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>flamboyance<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italian<\/span>\u00a0<span>criminals<\/span><span>have<\/span>\u00a0<span>survived<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>flourished<\/span>\u00a0<span>like<\/span>\u00a0<span>no<\/span>\u00a0<span>others.<\/span>\u00a0<span>But<\/span><span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>understand<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span>\u00a0<span>dominance<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>underworld,<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>must<\/span>\u00a0<span>go<\/span>\u00a0<span>back.<\/span>\u00a0<span>After<\/span>\u00a0<span>World<\/span>\u00a0<span>War<\/span><span>I,<\/span>\u00a0<span>powerful<\/span>\u00a0<span>Irish<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangs<\/span>\u00a0<span>controlled<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>lucrative<\/span><span>Brooklyn<\/span>\u00a0<span>waterfront,<\/span>\u00a0<span>collecting<\/span>\u00a0<span>tribute,<\/span>\u00a0<span>about<\/span><span>$1,500<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>week,<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>each<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>more<\/span>\u00a0<span>than<\/span>\u00a0<span>60<\/span><span>dock<\/span>\u00a0<span>owners.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Those<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>declined,<\/span>\u00a0<span>saw<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span><span>wharfs<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>vessels<\/span>\u00a0<span>looted,<\/span>\u00a0<span>burned<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>wrecked<\/span><span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>worse.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The East<\/span>\u00a0<span>Coast<\/span>\u00a0<span>Longshoremen<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>been a mobbed<\/span>\u00a0<span>owned union<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>most<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>century.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span><span>started<\/span>\u00a0<span>even<\/span>\u00a0<span>before<\/span>\u00a0<span>prohibition.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Originally<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span><span>Irish<\/span>\u00a0<span>guys<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Brooklyn<\/span>\u00a0<span>docks.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>very<\/span><span>dangerous<\/span>\u00a0<span>occupation<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>head<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>Longshoremen&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>Union<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>docks<\/span>\u00a0<span>because<\/span><span>you<\/span>\u00a0<span>have<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>short<\/span>\u00a0<span>life<\/span>\u00a0<span>expectancy.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Six<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>eight<\/span><span>guys<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>single<\/span>\u00a0<span>decade<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>take<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>job,<\/span>\u00a0<span>be<\/span><span>killed<\/span>\u00a0<span>off,<\/span>\u00a0<span>someone<\/span>\u00a0<span>else<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>get<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>job,<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span><span>killed<\/span>\u00a0<span>off.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>Brooklyn<\/span>\u00a0<span>Bridge<\/span>\u00a0<span>area<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>traditionally<\/span>\u00a0<span>Irish<\/span><span>territory.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>White<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hand<\/span>\u00a0<span>Gang,<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>shall<\/span>\u00a0<span>we<\/span>\u00a0<span>say<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Irish<\/span><span>Mafia,<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span>\u00a0<span>underworld<\/span>\u00a0<span>superpower.<\/span><span>They<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>control,<\/span>\u00a0<span>literal<\/span>\u00a0<span>control,<\/span>\u00a0<span>over<\/span>\u00a0<span>60<\/span>\u00a0<span>piers<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span><span>operation<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>Brooklyn<\/span>\u00a0<span>at the time.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>gold<\/span><span>mine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>But<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>White<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hand<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>soon<\/span>\u00a0<span>meet<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span><span>match.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italian<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangs,<\/span>\u00a0<span>known<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Black<\/span><span>Hand,<\/span>\u00a0<span>wanted<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>riches<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>themselves.<\/span>\u00a0<span>From<\/span><span>1920<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>1925,<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>grim<\/span>\u00a0<span>war<\/span>\u00a0<span>waged<\/span>\u00a0<span>along<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>waterfront<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>control<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>lush<\/span>\u00a0<span>extortion<\/span><span>rackets.<\/span>\u00a0<span>For<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>time,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>leader<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>White<\/span><span>Hand,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Bruce<\/span>\u00a0<span>Wild<\/span>\u00a0<span>Bill<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lovett,<\/span>\u00a0<span>held<\/span>\u00a0<span>off<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italian<\/span><span>Black<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hand.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Wild Bill<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lovett<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>most<\/span>\u00a0<span>spectacular<\/span>\u00a0<span>gang<\/span><span>leader<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>White<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hand<\/span>\u00a0<span>ever<\/span>\u00a0<span>had.<\/span>\u00a0<span>On<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>waterfront<\/span>\u00a0<span>everybody<\/span>\u00a0<span>knew<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>man<\/span>\u00a0<span>will<\/span><span>soon<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>look<\/span>\u00a0<span>at you,<\/span>\u00a0<span>blow<\/span>\u00a0<span>your<\/span>\u00a0<span>head<\/span>\u00a0<span>off.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span><span>man<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>very<\/span>\u00a0<span>dangerous<\/span>\u00a0<span>man,<\/span>\u00a0<span>really.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>No<\/span>\u00a0<span>less<\/span>\u00a0<span>fearless<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italian<\/span>\u00a0<span>leader<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>Black<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hand,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Frankie<\/span>\u00a0<span>Yale.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>retained<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span>\u00a0<span>iron<\/span><span>fisted<\/span>\u00a0<span>control<\/span>\u00a0<span>over<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>men.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Frankie<\/span>\u00a0<span>Yale<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>first<\/span>\u00a0<span>celebrity<\/span>\u00a0<span>godfather.<\/span>\u00a0<span>No<\/span><span>question<\/span>\u00a0<span>about<\/span>\u00a0<span>it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Yale<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>first<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>openly<\/span>\u00a0<span>flamboyant<\/span><span>gangsters.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>known<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Prince of<\/span>\u00a0<span>Pals.<\/span><span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span>\u00a0<span>extremely<\/span>\u00a0<span>popular<\/span>\u00a0<span>person.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Not<\/span>\u00a0<span>least<\/span><span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>fact,<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>he had<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>cultivate<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>sort<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>Robin<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hood<\/span>\u00a0<span>image<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>taking<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>rich and<\/span><span>giving<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>poor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>For<\/span>\u00a0<span>instance,<\/span>\u00a0<span>during<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>coal<\/span>\u00a0<span>strike<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>1922,<\/span><span>Yale&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>men<\/span>\u00a0<span>delivered<\/span>\u00a0<span>coal<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>hundreds<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>families<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>freezing.<\/span>\u00a0<span>This<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>paradox<\/span>\u00a0<span>about<\/span>\u00a0<span>Frankie<\/span>\u00a0<span>Yale.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>vicious<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>yet,<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>also<\/span>\u00a0<span>sympathetic.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>reason<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>Frankie<\/span>\u00a0<span>Yale&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>generosity,<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>my<\/span><span>personal<\/span>\u00a0<span>opinion,<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>born<\/span>\u00a0<span>into<\/span>\u00a0<span>abject<\/span><span>poverty.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>knew<\/span>\u00a0<span>what<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>poor.<\/span>\u00a0<span>His<\/span><span>heart<\/span>\u00a0<span>went<\/span>\u00a0<span>out<\/span>\u00a0<span>for the<\/span>\u00a0<span>poor<\/span>\u00a0<span>people.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>But<\/span>\u00a0<span>still,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>bloody<\/span>\u00a0<span>feud<\/span>\u00a0<span>went<\/span>\u00a0<span>on,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>Yale<\/span><span>needed<\/span>\u00a0<span>tough<\/span>\u00a0<span>henchmen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>introduced<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>Alphonse<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>very<\/span>\u00a0<span>young<\/span>\u00a0<span>age,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>took<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>liking<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span><span>tutored<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>ABCs<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>underworld.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Yale<\/span>\u00a0<span>put<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>work<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>bartender<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>bouncer<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>dance<\/span>\u00a0<span>club.<\/span>\u00a0<span>From<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>humble<\/span><span>beginnings<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>Brooklyn,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>carry<\/span><span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>nickname<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>rest<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>life,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Scarface.<\/span>\u00a0<span>One<\/span><span>night<\/span>\u00a0<span>while<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>working,<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>told<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>female<\/span>\u00a0<span>customer,<\/span>\u00a0<span>you<\/span>\u00a0<span>got<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>beautiful<\/span>\u00a0<span>ass.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Her<\/span><span>brother,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Frank<\/span>\u00a0<span>Galluchio,<\/span>\u00a0<span>took<\/span>\u00a0<span>out<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>knife,<\/span><span>aimed<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>throat,<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>instead,<\/span>\u00a0<span>slashed<\/span><span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>face<\/span>\u00a0<span>three<\/span>\u00a0<span>times.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Gangsters<\/span>\u00a0<span>live<\/span>\u00a0<span>dangerously,<\/span><span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>before<\/span>\u00a0<span>long<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>savagely<\/span>\u00a0<span>beat<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>member<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>White<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hand<\/span>\u00a0<span>Gang.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Their<\/span>\u00a0<span>leader,<\/span><span>Wild<\/span>\u00a0<span>Bill<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lovett,<\/span>\u00a0<span>came<\/span>\u00a0<span>looking<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>him.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Frankie<\/span>\u00a0<span>Yale<\/span>\u00a0<span>got<\/span>\u00a0<span>word<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>Wild<\/span>\u00a0<span>Bill Lovett<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span><span>trying<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>track<\/span>\u00a0<span>down<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He says,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al,<\/span>\u00a0<span>look,<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>best<\/span>\u00a0<span>thing<\/span>\u00a0<span>I<\/span>\u00a0<span>can<\/span>\u00a0<span>tell<\/span>\u00a0<span>you,<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>man<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>going<\/span><span>to,<\/span>\u00a0<span>sooner<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>later,<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>scars<\/span>\u00a0<span>and all<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span><span>identification,<\/span>\u00a0<span>he&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>going<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>get<\/span>\u00a0<span>you<\/span>\u00a0<span>sooner<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span><span>later.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>So<\/span>\u00a0<span>Frankie<\/span>\u00a0<span>Yale<\/span>\u00a0<span>sent<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>work<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span><span>Johnny<\/span>\u00a0<span>Torrio<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>Chicago.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>proved<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>lucky<\/span><span>move.<\/span>\u00a0<span>When<\/span>\u00a0<span>prohibition<\/span>\u00a0<span>began,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Frankie<\/span>\u00a0<span>Yale<\/span><span>mobilized<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>Black<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hand<\/span>\u00a0<span>troops<\/span>\u00a0<span>into<\/span><span>bootlegging<\/span>\u00a0<span>using<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>links<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>Chicago.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>What<\/span>\u00a0<span>prohibition<\/span>\u00a0<span>did<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>took<\/span>\u00a0<span>rather<\/span>\u00a0<span>loosely<\/span><span>organized<\/span>\u00a0<span>neighborhood<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangs<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>put<\/span>\u00a0<span>them<\/span><span>into<\/span>\u00a0<span>transnational<\/span>\u00a0<span>communication<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>each<\/span><span>other.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Because<\/span>\u00a0<span>what<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>involved,<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>shipping<\/span>\u00a0<span>various<\/span>\u00a0<span>liquors<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>part<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>country<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>another,<\/span>\u00a0<span>even<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>outside<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>country,<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>enormous<\/span>\u00a0<span>benefit<\/span>\u00a0<span>towards<\/span><span>making<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>sort<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>national<\/span>\u00a0<span>combination.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>White<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hands<\/span>\u00a0<span>power<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>waining.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Their<\/span><span>leader,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Wild<\/span>\u00a0<span>Bill Lovett,<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>gruesomely<\/span><span>murdered<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Black<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hand.<\/span>\u00a0<span>When<\/span>\u00a0<span>Richard<\/span><span>Pegleg<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lonergan<\/span>\u00a0<span>took<\/span>\u00a0<span>over,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>returned<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Brooklyn<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>get<\/span>\u00a0<span>rid<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>Irish<\/span>\u00a0<span>gang<\/span>\u00a0<span>once<\/span><span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>all.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Sylvester<\/span>\u00a0<span>course<\/span>\u00a0<span>there<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>man<\/span>\u00a0<span>chosen<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>start<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>ball<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>motion.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>wack<\/span>\u00a0<span>the top<\/span><span>lieutenant<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Irish<\/span>\u00a0<span>White<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hand<\/span>\u00a0<span>gang<\/span>\u00a0<span>across<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>head<\/span>\u00a0<span>with a<\/span>\u00a0<span>meat<\/span>\u00a0<span>cleaver.<\/span>\u00a0<span>That<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>signal.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>lights<\/span>\u00a0<span>went<\/span>\u00a0<span>out<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>gunfire<\/span><span>erupted<\/span>\u00a0<span>immediately.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>outcome<\/span>\u00a0<span>was,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>murder,<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>triple<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangland<\/span>\u00a0<span>murder<\/span>\u00a0<span>as a matter<\/span>\u00a0<span>of fact,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>finally<\/span>\u00a0<span>murdered<\/span>\u00a0<span>a man,<\/span><span>Richard<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lonergan,<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>turned<\/span>\u00a0<span>out<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>most<\/span><span>important<\/span>\u00a0<span>murder<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>whole<\/span>\u00a0<span>career.<\/span>\u00a0<span>His<\/span><span>reputation<\/span>\u00a0<span>throughout<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italian<\/span>\u00a0<span>underworld,<\/span><span>nationally<\/span>\u00a0<span>really<\/span>\u00a0<span>zoomed.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Of<\/span>\u00a0<span>course,<\/span>\u00a0<span>what<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span><span>actually<\/span>\u00a0<span>did<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>hand<\/span>\u00a0<span>over<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>entire<\/span>\u00a0<span>Brooklyn<\/span><span>waterfront<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italian<\/span>\u00a0<span>underworld.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Soon,<\/span>\u00a0<span>very<\/span><span>soon<\/span>\u00a0<span>after,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>White<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hand<\/span>\u00a0<span>gang<\/span>\u00a0<span>evaporated<\/span><span>into<\/span>\u00a0<span>nothing<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>all.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Just<\/span>\u00a0<span>died<\/span>\u00a0<span>out.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Now,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Frankie<\/span>\u00a0<span>Yale<\/span>\u00a0<span>controlled<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>New<\/span>\u00a0<span>York<\/span><span>waterfront<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>chief<\/span>\u00a0<span>liquor<\/span><span>supplier.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>quickly<\/span>\u00a0<span>became<\/span>\u00a0<span>Chicago&#8217;s<\/span><span>crime<\/span>\u00a0<span>boss.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>beginning<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>rise<\/span>\u00a0<span>of the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italian<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>prohibition<\/span>\u00a0<span>era<\/span>\u00a0<span>created<\/span>\u00a0<span>many<\/span>\u00a0<span>underworld<\/span><span>criminals,<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>ultimately,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italians<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span><span>reign<\/span>\u00a0<span>supreme.<\/span>\u00a0<span>In<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>years<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>come,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italian<\/span><span>Mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>take<\/span>\u00a0<span>aim<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>many<\/span>\u00a0<span>other<\/span>\u00a0<span>targets,<\/span><span>but,<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>turn,<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>become<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>crime<\/span><span>fighters<\/span>\u00a0<span>main<\/span>\u00a0<span>target<\/span>\u00a0<span>themselves.<\/span>\u00a0<span>I&#8217;m<\/span>\u00a0<span>Bill<\/span>\u00a0<span>Kurtis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>[MUSIC PLAYING]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The secret<\/span>\u00a0<span>ceremony<\/span>\u00a0<span>where<\/span>\u00a0<span>somber<\/span>\u00a0<span>men<\/span><span>become<\/span>\u00a0<span>mafiosi,<\/span>\u00a0<span>vowing<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>live<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>die<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>knife<\/span>\u00a0<span>and the<\/span>\u00a0<span>gun.<\/span>\u00a0<span>A<\/span>\u00a0<span>mysterious<\/span>\u00a0<span>world<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>shifting<\/span>\u00a0<span>alliances<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>blood<\/span>\u00a0<span>oaths.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Reminders<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>flames<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>they are<\/span>\u00a0<span>doomed<\/span>\u00a0<span>if<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>break<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>code<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>omerta,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>vow of<\/span>\u00a0<span>silence.<\/span>\u00a0<span>They<\/span>\u00a0<span>are<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>only<\/span>\u00a0<span>secret<\/span>\u00a0<span>criminal<\/span>\u00a0<span>brotherhood,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia,<\/span><span>only<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italian<\/span>\u00a0<span>can<\/span>\u00a0<span>belong.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It is<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>key<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span><span>takeover<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>organized<\/span>\u00a0<span>crime.<\/span>\u00a0<span>But<\/span>\u00a0<span>ultimately,<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span><span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>comes<\/span>\u00a0<span>down<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>murder<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>money.<\/span>\u00a0<span>A<\/span>\u00a0<span>mafia<\/span><span>controls<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>fear,<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>fear<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>has<\/span>\u00a0<span>its<\/span>\u00a0<span>roots<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>parched<\/span>\u00a0<span>soil<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>Sicily.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>flourished<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>Sicily<\/span>\u00a0<span>during<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>century<\/span><span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>political<\/span>\u00a0<span>upheaval<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>disorder<\/span>\u00a0<span>between<\/span><span>Napoleon<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mussolini.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Economic<\/span>\u00a0<span>conditions<\/span><span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>grim,<\/span>\u00a0<span>brought<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italian<\/span><span>government&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>total<\/span>\u00a0<span>neglect<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>island.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>During<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>100<\/span>\u00a0<span>years,<\/span>\u00a0<span>there<\/span>\u00a0<span>wasn&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>much<\/span>\u00a0<span>real<\/span><span>government<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>Sicily,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>so<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>arises<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span><span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>mediator<\/span>\u00a0<span>between<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>citizens<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>ground<\/span><span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>Sicily<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>distance<\/span>\u00a0<span>governments<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span><span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>out<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>reach,<\/span>\u00a0<span>beyond<\/span>\u00a0<span>reach,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>corrupt.<\/span><span>The Sicilians<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>pretty<\/span>\u00a0<span>much<\/span>\u00a0<span>kicked<\/span>\u00a0<span>around<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span><span>those<\/span>\u00a0<span>days.<\/span>\u00a0<span>So<\/span>\u00a0<span>there<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>tradition<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>seeing<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>law<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>distant<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>unfriendly<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>beyond<\/span><span>reach.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>saying<\/span>\u00a0<span>was,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>law<\/span>\u00a0<span>works<\/span>\u00a0<span>against<\/span><span>people.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>So<\/span>\u00a0<span>respected<\/span>\u00a0<span>local<\/span>\u00a0<span>men<\/span>\u00a0<span>took<\/span>\u00a0<span>control<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>created<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span>\u00a0<span>own<\/span>\u00a0<span>rules.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>poor<\/span>\u00a0<span>turned<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>these<\/span>\u00a0<span>men<\/span>\u00a0<span>because<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>stood<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>government<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>met<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>needs<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span>\u00a0<span>village.<\/span><span>These<\/span>\u00a0<span>local<\/span>\u00a0<span>men<\/span>\u00a0<span>became<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>functioning<\/span><span>government<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>village.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>local<\/span>\u00a0<span>Don<\/span><span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>drew<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>contracts,<\/span>\u00a0<span>arranged<\/span>\u00a0<span>marriages,<\/span><span>loaned<\/span>\u00a0<span>money,<\/span>\u00a0<span>mediated<\/span>\u00a0<span>disputes,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>chose<\/span><span>police<\/span>\u00a0<span>chiefs<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>judges.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Young<\/span>\u00a0<span>Salvatore<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lucania,<\/span>\u00a0<span>later<\/span>\u00a0<span>known<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lucky<\/span><span>Luciano,<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>accustomed<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>seeing<\/span>\u00a0<span>men<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>respect<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span>\u00a0<span>expensive<\/span>\u00a0<span>suits<\/span>\u00a0<span>walking<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>piazza<\/span>\u00a0<span>receiving<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>homage<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span><span>neighborhood.<\/span>\u00a0<span>By<\/span>\u00a0<span>1880,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>men<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>respect,<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span><span>mafia,<\/span>\u00a0<span>secretly<\/span>\u00a0<span>ruled<\/span>\u00a0<span>Sicily.<\/span>\u00a0<span>They<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>infiltrated<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>local<\/span>\u00a0<span>police,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>army,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>branches<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>government.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Honest<\/span>\u00a0<span>government<\/span>\u00a0<span>officials<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span><span>tried<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>combat<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>invariably<\/span><span>murdered.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Lucky&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>father,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Antonio,<\/span>\u00a0<span>heard<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>America<\/span><span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>could<\/span>\u00a0<span>earn<\/span>\u00a0<span>more<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>day<\/span>\u00a0<span>than<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>could in<\/span><span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>month<\/span>\u00a0<span>in the<\/span>\u00a0<span>sulfur<\/span>\u00a0<span>mines.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>So<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>come<\/span>\u00a0<span>here<\/span>\u00a0<span>essentially,<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>economic<\/span><span>opportunity,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>try<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>recreate<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>old<\/span><span>conditions<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>knew at<\/span>\u00a0<span>home.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Here<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span><span>are<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>strange<\/span>\u00a0<span>land,<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>its<\/span>\u00a0<span>strange<\/span>\u00a0<span>mores<\/span><span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>strange<\/span>\u00a0<span>language.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>familiar<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>has<\/span>\u00a0<span>its<\/span>\u00a0<span>own<\/span>\u00a0<span>code<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>honor,<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>code<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>often<\/span><span>breached,<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>still<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>code<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>there.<\/span>\u00a0<span>For<\/span><span>example,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>mafiosi<\/span>\u00a0<span>could<\/span>\u00a0<span>not<\/span>\u00a0<span>mess<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>wife<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>another<\/span>\u00a0<span>mafiosi<\/span>\u00a0<span>and if<\/span>\u00a0<span>such<\/span>\u00a0<span>happened<\/span><span>then<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>man<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>been<\/span>\u00a0<span>cuckold<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>right<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>kill<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>seducer.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Well,<\/span>\u00a0<span>that&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>not<\/span>\u00a0<span>allowed<\/span><span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>American<\/span>\u00a0<span>customs,<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>part<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>Mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>code.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>criminal<\/span>\u00a0<span>gang.<\/span>\u00a0<span>They&#8217;re<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>bunch<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>thugs<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>murderers,<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>they are<\/span>\u00a0<span>giving<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span><span>members<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>sense<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>stability<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>face<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span><span>country<\/span>\u00a0<span>where<\/span>\u00a0<span>everything<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>progress<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>change.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>underside<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>means<\/span>\u00a0<span>they&#8217;re<\/span><span>not<\/span>\u00a0<span>assimilated<\/span>\u00a0<span>into<\/span>\u00a0<span>America,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>sets<\/span><span>them<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>first<\/span>\u00a0<span>surfaced<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>America<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>New<\/span><span>Orleans,<\/span>\u00a0<span>just<\/span>\u00a0<span>after<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Civil<\/span>\u00a0<span>War,<\/span>\u00a0<span>amid<\/span>\u00a0<span>conditions<\/span><span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>political<\/span>\u00a0<span>chaos<\/span>\u00a0<span>because<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>reconstruction.<\/span><span>Once<\/span>\u00a0<span>again,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>appears<\/span>\u00a0<span>because<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>Italian<\/span>\u00a0<span>immigrants<\/span>\u00a0<span>need<\/span>\u00a0<span>some<\/span>\u00a0<span>mediating<\/span>\u00a0<span>force<\/span><span>between<\/span>\u00a0<span>them<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>government.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>Mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>steps<\/span>\u00a0<span>into<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>breach,<\/span>\u00a0<span>while<\/span>\u00a0<span>also<\/span><span>committing<\/span>\u00a0<span>crimes.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>always<\/span>\u00a0<span>doing<\/span>\u00a0<span>both.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Two<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>families<\/span>\u00a0<span>successfully<\/span>\u00a0<span>transplanted<\/span><span>themselves<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>Sicily.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Soon<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>battling<\/span><span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>control<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>lucrative<\/span>\u00a0<span>shipyards<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>vegetable<\/span>\u00a0<span>markets.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>encroaching<\/span>\u00a0<span>upon<\/span><span>local<\/span>\u00a0<span>politics.<\/span>\u00a0<span>One<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>member,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Vincenzo<\/span><span>Otungo,<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>disgruntled<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>having<\/span>\u00a0<span>been<\/span>\u00a0<span>cut<\/span>\u00a0<span>out<\/span><span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>group<\/span>\u00a0<span>spoils,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>threatened<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>go<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>authorities.<\/span>\u00a0<span>On<\/span>\u00a0<span>January<\/span>\u00a0<span>24,<\/span>\u00a0<span>1889,<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>throat<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span><span>slit<\/span>\u00a0<span>while<\/span>\u00a0<span>playing<\/span>\u00a0<span>cards.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Police<\/span>\u00a0<span>chief,<\/span>\u00a0<span>David<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hennessy,<\/span>\u00a0<span>led an<\/span><span>investigation.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>first<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>US<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>learn<\/span><span>of the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>existence.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>openly<\/span>\u00a0<span>criticized<\/span><span>Italians,<\/span>\u00a0<span>boldly<\/span>\u00a0<span>stating<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>no<\/span>\u00a0<span>use<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>them.<\/span><span>On<\/span>\u00a0<span>October<\/span>\u00a0<span>15,<\/span>\u00a0<span>1890,<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>shot<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>killed<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span><span>front<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>house.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>press<\/span>\u00a0<span>screamed<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span><span>vengeance,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>police<\/span>\u00a0<span>embarked<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>wholesale<\/span><span>roundup<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italians.<\/span>\u00a0<span>On<\/span>\u00a0<span>March<\/span>\u00a0<span>14,<\/span>\u00a0<span>1891,<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>mob<\/span><span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>8,000<\/span>\u00a0<span>people<\/span>\u00a0<span>stormed<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>old<\/span>\u00a0<span>parish<\/span>\u00a0<span>prison,<\/span><span>broke<\/span>\u00a0<span>into<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>jail,<\/span>\u00a0<span>shot<\/span>\u00a0<span>nine<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italian<\/span>\u00a0<span>fishermen<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span><span>their<\/span>\u00a0<span>cells<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>hanged<\/span>\u00a0<span>two<\/span>\u00a0<span>more.<\/span>\u00a0<span>No<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span><span>ever<\/span>\u00a0<span>indicted.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>There&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>no<\/span>\u00a0<span>doubt<\/span>\u00a0<span>some<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>them<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>involved<\/span><span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>organized<\/span>\u00a0<span>crime,<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>Police<\/span>\u00a0<span>Chief<\/span><span>Hennessy.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>pay of<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia<\/span><span>families<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>fighting<\/span>\u00a0<span>each<\/span>\u00a0<span>other,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>so<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>other<\/span>\u00a0<span>family<\/span>\u00a0<span>killed<\/span>\u00a0<span>him.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>no<\/span>\u00a0<span>knight<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span><span>shining<\/span>\u00a0<span>armor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>By<\/span>\u00a0<span>1900,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>stronger<\/span>\u00a0<span>than<\/span>\u00a0<span>ever<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span><span>New<\/span>\u00a0<span>Orleans,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>worked<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>silence<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span><span>members<\/span>\u00a0<span>belonging<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>powerful<\/span>\u00a0<span>family<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span><span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>boss.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The strict<\/span>\u00a0<span>family<\/span>\u00a0<span>code<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span><span>kept<\/span>\u00a0<span>intact<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>new<\/span>\u00a0<span>chapters<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>established<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span><span>other<\/span>\u00a0<span>cities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Sicilian<\/span>\u00a0<span>immigrants<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>America<\/span>\u00a0<span>brought<\/span>\u00a0<span>along<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>culture,<\/span>\u00a0<span>not<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span>\u00a0<span>organization.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span><span>Mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>offered<\/span>\u00a0<span>them<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>sense<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>order<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>new<\/span><span>world,<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>also<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>secret<\/span>\u00a0<span>criminal<\/span><span>enterprise,<\/span>\u00a0<span>threatening<\/span>\u00a0<span>immigrants<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span><span>robbery,<\/span>\u00a0<span>extortion,<\/span>\u00a0<span>kidnapping,<\/span>\u00a0<span>even<\/span>\u00a0<span>murder.<\/span><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>blending<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>Sicilian<\/span>\u00a0<span>traditions<\/span>\u00a0<span>within<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>crowded,<\/span>\u00a0<span>often<\/span>\u00a0<span>hostile,<\/span>\u00a0<span>American<\/span>\u00a0<span>context<\/span><span>spawned<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>particular<\/span>\u00a0<span>hybrid,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>American<\/span><span>Mafia,<\/span>\u00a0<span>which<\/span>\u00a0<span>we&#8217;ll<\/span>\u00a0<span>see<\/span>\u00a0<span>posed<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>new<\/span>\u00a0<span>threat<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>American<\/span>\u00a0<span>justice.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The Lucania<\/span>\u00a0<span>family&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>dreams<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>America<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span><span>shattered<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>reality<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>tenement<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>New York<\/span>\u00a0<span>when<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>arrived<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>1906.<\/span>\u00a0<span>At<\/span>\u00a0<span>700<\/span>\u00a0<span>people<\/span><span>per<\/span>\u00a0<span>acre,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lower<\/span>\u00a0<span>East<\/span>\u00a0<span>Side<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>more<\/span><span>crowded<\/span>\u00a0<span>than<\/span>\u00a0<span>Bombay.<\/span>\u00a0<span>These<\/span>\u00a0<span>Sicilian<\/span><span>immigrants<\/span>\u00a0<span>lived<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>streets,<\/span>\u00a0<span>trying<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>recreate<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>piazza<\/span>\u00a0<span>they had<\/span>\u00a0<span>known<\/span>\u00a0<span>back home.<\/span><span>Antonio<\/span>\u00a0<span>became<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>day<\/span>\u00a0<span>laborer,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>five<\/span><span>young<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lucania&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>quickly<\/span>\u00a0<span>Americanized<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span><span>names.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Giuseppe<\/span>\u00a0<span>became<\/span>\u00a0<span>Joseph.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Francesca,<\/span><span>Fanny.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Bartolo,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Bart.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Concetta,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Connie.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span><span>Salvatore,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Charles.<\/span>\u00a0<span>They<\/span>\u00a0<span>also<\/span>\u00a0<span>changed<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span>\u00a0<span>last<\/span><span>name<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lucania<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>Luciano.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Practically<\/span>\u00a0<span>any<\/span>\u00a0<span>neighborhood<\/span>\u00a0<span>where<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>large<\/span><span>population<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>Sicilian<\/span>\u00a0<span>immigrants<\/span>\u00a0<span>lived,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>Mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>also<\/span>\u00a0<span>existed.<\/span>\u00a0<span>At<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>time,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span><span>also<\/span>\u00a0<span>known<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Black<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hand.<\/span>\u00a0<span>A<\/span>\u00a0<span>group<\/span>\u00a0<span>that&#8217;s<\/span><span>mainly<\/span>\u00a0<span>preyed<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>fellow<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italians.<\/span>\u00a0<span>They&#8217;re<\/span>\u00a0<span>main<\/span><span>line<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span>\u00a0<span>extortion<\/span>\u00a0<span>racket.<\/span>\u00a0<span>They<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>fearsome<\/span>\u00a0<span>reputation<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>neighborhood,<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span><span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>policeman<\/span>\u00a0<span>fought<\/span>\u00a0<span>back.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Tenente<\/span>\u00a0<span>Giuseppe<\/span>\u00a0<span>Petrosino<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>first<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italian<\/span><span>New<\/span>\u00a0<span>York<\/span>\u00a0<span>City<\/span>\u00a0<span>policeman<\/span>\u00a0<span>to ever<\/span>\u00a0<span>reach<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>status<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>lieutenant.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>doing<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>very<\/span><span>effective<\/span>\u00a0<span>job<\/span>\u00a0<span>against<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Black Hand.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Whenever<\/span><span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>man<\/span>\u00a0<span>came<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italy,<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>paison<\/span>\u00a0<span>or a<\/span>\u00a0<span>friend<\/span>\u00a0<span>of his,<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>bring<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>man<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>police<\/span><span>headquarters,<\/span>\u00a0<span>stand<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>front<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>[INAUDIBLE]<\/span><span>until<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>saw<\/span>\u00a0<span>Giuseppe<\/span>\u00a0<span>Petrosino<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>point<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span><span>dreaded<\/span>\u00a0<span>enemy<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Black<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hand<\/span>\u00a0<span>out.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>As<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Black<\/span>\u00a0<span>Handers<\/span>\u00a0<span>grew<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>size<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>muscle<\/span><span>power,<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>began<\/span>\u00a0<span>harassing<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>most<\/span>\u00a0<span>famous<\/span><span>Italian<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>day,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Enrico<\/span>\u00a0<span>Caruso.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>sent<\/span>\u00a0<span>him<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>letter<\/span>\u00a0<span>demanding<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>$10,000<\/span>\u00a0<span>payment<\/span>\u00a0<span>within<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>week,<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>meet<\/span>\u00a0<span>your<\/span><span>death.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Not<\/span>\u00a0<span>even<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>dust<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>your<\/span>\u00a0<span>family<\/span>\u00a0<span>will<\/span><span>remain.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Caruso,<\/span>\u00a0<span>wisely,<\/span>\u00a0<span>got<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>touch<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span><span>Lieutenant<\/span>\u00a0<span>Petrosino<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>showed<\/span>\u00a0<span>him<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>letter<\/span><span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>given<\/span>\u00a0<span>around<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>clock<\/span>\u00a0<span>bodyguards.<\/span><span>Now,<\/span>\u00a0<span>if<\/span>\u00a0<span>Caruso<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>have<\/span>\u00a0<span>yielded<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span><span>demands,<\/span>\u00a0<span>I<\/span>\u00a0<span>mean,<\/span>\u00a0<span>there<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>have<\/span>\u00a0<span>been<\/span>\u00a0<span>no<\/span><span>end<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>When<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>performed<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Metropolitan<\/span>\u00a0<span>Opera,<\/span><span>Petrosino<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>assigned<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>protect<\/span>\u00a0<span>him.<\/span>\u00a0<span>But<\/span>\u00a0<span>no<\/span><span>such<\/span>\u00a0<span>protection<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>possible<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>others.<\/span>\u00a0<span>When<\/span><span>Petrosino<\/span>\u00a0<span>investigated<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>man<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>barrel<\/span><span>case,<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>too<\/span>\u00a0<span>late.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>A<\/span>\u00a0<span>corpse<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>discovered<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>wooden<\/span>\u00a0<span>barrel.<\/span><span>Some<\/span>\u00a0<span>woman<\/span>\u00a0<span>walking<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>work,<\/span>\u00a0<span>she<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>Irish,<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>way,<\/span>\u00a0<span>she<\/span>\u00a0<span>saw<\/span>\u00a0<span>this lid<\/span>\u00a0<span>open<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>there<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>piece<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>clothing<\/span>\u00a0<span>hanging.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>she<\/span>\u00a0<span>opened<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>lid<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>saw<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>man<\/span>\u00a0<span>stuffed<\/span>\u00a0<span>into<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>barrel<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>genitals<\/span>\u00a0<span>shoved<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>mouth.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Well,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Petrosino<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span>\u00a0<span>extraordinary<\/span>\u00a0<span>individual<\/span><span>mainly,<\/span>\u00a0<span>because<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>can<\/span>\u00a0<span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>considered<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>founder<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>modern<\/span>\u00a0<span>Interpol<\/span>\u00a0<span>concept.<\/span>\u00a0<span>With<\/span><span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>these<\/span>\u00a0<span>Sicilian<\/span>\u00a0<span>criminals<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>coming<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>United<\/span>\u00a0<span>States,<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>realized<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>there<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span><span>have<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>some<\/span>\u00a0<span>cooperation<\/span>\u00a0<span>with the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italian<\/span><span>police<\/span>\u00a0<span>so that<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>might<\/span>\u00a0<span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>prosecuted,<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span><span>least<\/span>\u00a0<span>removed<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>undesirable<\/span>\u00a0<span>aliens.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>In<\/span>\u00a0<span>1909,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Petrosino<\/span>\u00a0<span>went<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>Sicily<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>check<\/span>\u00a0<span>out<\/span><span>police<\/span>\u00a0<span>records.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>went<\/span>\u00a0<span>through<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italian<\/span>\u00a0<span>files<\/span><span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>saw<\/span>\u00a0<span>many<\/span>\u00a0<span>familiar<\/span>\u00a0<span>faces<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span><span>neighborhood<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>New<\/span>\u00a0<span>York,<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>moves<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span><span>being<\/span>\u00a0<span>watched.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>On<\/span>\u00a0<span>March<\/span>\u00a0<span>12,<\/span>\u00a0<span>1909,<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>eating<\/span>\u00a0<span>dinner<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>Piazza<\/span>\u00a0<span>Marina<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>told<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>meet<\/span>\u00a0<span>parties<\/span><span>unknown<\/span>\u00a0<span>so<\/span>\u00a0<span>many<\/span>\u00a0<span>feet<\/span>\u00a0<span>around<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Garibaldi<\/span><span>Garden.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>there<\/span>\u00a0<span>three<\/span>\u00a0<span>men<\/span>\u00a0<span>come<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>to him,<\/span><span>push<\/span>\u00a0<span>him<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>fence<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>shot<\/span>\u00a0<span>him.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>was,<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>me,<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>suicide.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Really.<\/span>\u00a0<span>I<\/span>\u00a0<span>don&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>know<\/span>\u00a0<span>why<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span><span>did<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>very<\/span>\u00a0<span>courageous<\/span>\u00a0<span>man.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>In<\/span>\u00a0<span>New<\/span>\u00a0<span>York,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>strengthening<\/span>\u00a0<span>its<\/span><span>hold<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>melting<\/span>\u00a0<span>pot<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lower<\/span>\u00a0<span>East<\/span><span>Side,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lucky<\/span>\u00a0<span>Luciano<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>three<\/span>\u00a0<span>other<\/span>\u00a0<span>young<\/span><span>immigrants,<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italian<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>Calabria,<\/span>\u00a0<span>named<\/span><span>Frank Costello<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>two<\/span>\u00a0<span>Jews,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Meyer<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lansky<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>Bugsy<\/span>\u00a0<span>Siegel.<\/span>\u00a0<span>An<\/span>\u00a0<span>alliance<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>forged,<\/span>\u00a0<span>which<\/span><span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>come<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>dominate<\/span>\u00a0<span>organized<\/span>\u00a0<span>crime<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>United<\/span>\u00a0<span>States<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>change<\/span>\u00a0<span>its<\/span>\u00a0<span>character<\/span>\u00a0<span>forever.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>most<\/span>\u00a0<span>important<\/span>\u00a0<span>hoodlum<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>time<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>young<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italian,<\/span>\u00a0<span>named<\/span>\u00a0<span>Frankie<\/span>\u00a0<span>Yale.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>more<\/span><span>than<\/span>\u00a0<span>just<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>two<\/span>\u00a0<span>bit<\/span>\u00a0<span>head<\/span>\u00a0<span>cracking<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangster<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>extortionist.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>He was the<\/span>\u00a0<span>first<\/span>\u00a0<span>celebrity<\/span>\u00a0<span>godfather.<\/span>\u00a0<span>No<\/span><span>question<\/span>\u00a0<span>about<\/span>\u00a0<span>it.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>owned<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>cigar<\/span>\u00a0<span>company<\/span><span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>portrait<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>box.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Beau<\/span><span>Brummel<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Brooklyn<\/span>\u00a0<span>underworld<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>killer,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>country<\/span>\u00a0<span>over,<\/span>\u00a0<span>really.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>In<\/span>\u00a0<span>New<\/span>\u00a0<span>York,<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>Sicily,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>ran<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span>\u00a0<span>local<\/span><span>communities,<\/span>\u00a0<span>providing<\/span>\u00a0<span>services<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>government<\/span>\u00a0<span>couldn&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>wouldn&#8217;t.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Yale<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>protector.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>His<\/span>\u00a0<span>heart<\/span>\u00a0<span>went<\/span>\u00a0<span>out<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>poor<\/span>\u00a0<span>people<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span><span>holidays,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Christmas,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Thanksgiving,<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span><span>send<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>men<\/span>\u00a0<span>out<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>baskets<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>macaroni,<\/span><span>canned<\/span>\u00a0<span>goods,<\/span>\u00a0<span>turkeys,<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>feed<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>poor<\/span>\u00a0<span>people<\/span><span>in his<\/span>\u00a0<span>area.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>set<\/span>\u00a0<span>himself<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>dispenser<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>justice.<\/span>\u00a0<span>For<\/span><span>instance,<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>common<\/span>\u00a0<span>robbery,<\/span>\u00a0<span>especially<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>people<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>poor,<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>simply<\/span>\u00a0<span>not<\/span><span>tolerate<\/span>\u00a0<span>it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>One<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>Yale&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>prodigies<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>forever<\/span>\u00a0<span>proud<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span><span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>born<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>United<\/span>\u00a0<span>States,<\/span>\u00a0<span>not<\/span>\u00a0<span>Naples.<\/span><span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>Americanized<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>name<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>Alphonse<\/span><span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>modeled<\/span>\u00a0<span>himself<\/span>\u00a0<span>after<\/span><span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>mentor,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Frankie<\/span>\u00a0<span>Yale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>tutored<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>ABCs<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>underworld.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span><span>put<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>work<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>bartender<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>a greeter<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Harvard<\/span>\u00a0<span>Inn.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>dine<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>dance<\/span>\u00a0<span>joint<\/span><span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Coney<\/span>\u00a0<span>Island<\/span>\u00a0<span>waterfront.<\/span>\u00a0<span>All<\/span>\u00a0<span>showed<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>lot<\/span><span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>potential.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>tough.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>good<\/span>\u00a0<span>shot<\/span><span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>gun.<\/span>\u00a0<span>With<\/span>\u00a0<span>a bat,<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>terrific.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>But<\/span>\u00a0<span>when<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>nearly<\/span>\u00a0<span>killed<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>member<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>Wild<\/span>\u00a0<span>Bill<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lovett&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>White<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hand<\/span>\u00a0<span>gang,<\/span>\u00a0<span>he&#8217;d<\/span>\u00a0<span>gone<\/span><span>too<\/span>\u00a0<span>far.<\/span>\u00a0<span>By<\/span>\u00a0<span>1919,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>violent<\/span>\u00a0<span>reputation<\/span><span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>spread<\/span>\u00a0<span>throughout<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Brooklyn<\/span>\u00a0<span>docks<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span><span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>already<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>murder<\/span>\u00a0<span>suspect<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>two<\/span>\u00a0<span>cases.<\/span><span>Finally,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Frankie<\/span>\u00a0<span>Yale<\/span>\u00a0<span>decided<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>send<\/span>\u00a0<span>him out<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>Chicago<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>own<\/span>\u00a0<span>safety.<\/span>\u00a0<span>As<\/span>\u00a0<span>we&#8217;ll<\/span>\u00a0<span>see,<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>move<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>changed<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>face<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>organized<\/span>\u00a0<span>crime<\/span><span>forever.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Chicago<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>never<\/span>\u00a0<span>innocent.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>city<\/span>\u00a0<span>swarmed<\/span><span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>pimps<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>pickpockets<\/span>\u00a0<span>operating<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>out<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>brothels,<\/span>\u00a0<span>saloons,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>dives<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>every<\/span><span>description.<\/span>\u00a0<span>For<\/span>\u00a0<span>Chicago&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangsters,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>beginning<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>prohibition<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>1920<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span><span>answered<\/span>\u00a0<span>prayer,<\/span>\u00a0<span>especially<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>young<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al<\/span><span>Capone,<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>now<\/span>\u00a0<span>under<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>tutelage<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>Johnny<\/span>\u00a0<span>Torrio.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Johnny<\/span>\u00a0<span>Torrio<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>noted<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span><span>intelligence<\/span>\u00a0<span>rather<\/span>\u00a0<span>than<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>muscle.<\/span>\u00a0<span>From<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>first,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>reserved<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>loyalty<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>Torrio.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span><span>Torrio&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>views<\/span>\u00a0<span>automatically<\/span>\u00a0<span>became<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone&#8217;s.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Torrio<\/span>\u00a0<span>saw<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>potential<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>man.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>big,<\/span><span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>willing<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>do<\/span>\u00a0<span>what<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>necessary.<\/span><span>Meaning<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>harm<\/span>\u00a0<span>somebody,<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>hit.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span><span>smart.<\/span>\u00a0<span>But<\/span>\u00a0<span>before<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>went<\/span>\u00a0<span>into<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootlegging,<\/span><span>Big<\/span>\u00a0<span>Jim<\/span>\u00a0<span>Colosimo,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Torrio&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>uncle,<\/span>\u00a0<span>refused<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>invest<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>dime<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootlegging<\/span>\u00a0<span>business.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span><span>says,<\/span>\u00a0<span>we&#8217;re<\/span>\u00a0<span>doing<\/span>\u00a0<span>OK<\/span>\u00a0<span>without<\/span>\u00a0<span>houses<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>prostitution<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>gambling.<\/span>\u00a0<span>What<\/span>\u00a0<span>do<\/span>\u00a0<span>we<\/span>\u00a0<span>need<\/span><span>bootleg<\/span>\u00a0<span>booze<\/span>\u00a0<span>for?<\/span>\u00a0<span>I don&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>want<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>tangle with<\/span><span>no feds.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Jim<\/span>\u00a0<span>Colosimo,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>last<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>mustache<\/span>\u00a0<span>Pete&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>Chicago,<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span>\u00a0<span>old<\/span>\u00a0<span>time<\/span>\u00a0<span>crime<\/span>\u00a0<span>boss,<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>1920,<\/span><span>even<\/span>\u00a0<span>though<\/span>\u00a0<span>he&#8217;d<\/span>\u00a0<span>only<\/span>\u00a0<span>been<\/span>\u00a0<span>around<\/span>\u00a0<span>20<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>25<\/span><span>years<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>city,<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>very<\/span>\u00a0<span>much<\/span>\u00a0<span>out<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>step<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span><span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>young<\/span>\u00a0<span>contemporaries<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>on the<\/span>\u00a0<span>way<\/span><span>up.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Well,<\/span>\u00a0<span>there<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>only<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>thing<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>do.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>guy&#8217;s<\/span><span>got<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>hit,<\/span>\u00a0<span>uncle<\/span>\u00a0<span>or no<\/span>\u00a0<span>uncle.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>man<\/span>\u00a0<span>has<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>hit.<\/span>\u00a0<span>I<\/span>\u00a0<span>mean,<\/span>\u00a0<span>here&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>business<\/span>\u00a0<span>we&#8217;re<\/span>\u00a0<span>going to<\/span><span>make<\/span>\u00a0<span>millions<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootleg<\/span>\u00a0<span>booze.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Big<\/span>\u00a0<span>Jim<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>gunned<\/span>\u00a0<span>down<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>leaving<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span><span>cafe.<\/span>\u00a0<span>A<\/span>\u00a0<span>cryptic<\/span>\u00a0<span>note<\/span>\u00a0<span>read,<\/span>\u00a0<span>so<\/span>\u00a0<span>long<\/span>\u00a0<span>vampire,<\/span>\u00a0<span>so<\/span><span>long<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lefty.<\/span>\u00a0<span>With<\/span>\u00a0<span>Big<\/span>\u00a0<span>Jim<\/span>\u00a0<span>Colosimo<\/span>\u00a0<span>out<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>way,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Torrio<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>expanded<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span><span>bootlegging.<\/span>\u00a0<span>In<\/span>\u00a0<span>1924,<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangster<\/span>\u00a0<span>named<\/span>\u00a0<span>Dion<\/span><span>O&#8217;Banion<\/span>\u00a0<span>became<\/span>\u00a0<span>troublesome,<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>started<\/span><span>hijacking<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span>\u00a0<span>liquor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Dion<\/span>\u00a0<span>O&#8217;Banion<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>boss<\/span>\u00a0<span>of the<\/span>\u00a0<span>vicious<\/span>\u00a0<span>North<\/span><span>Side<\/span>\u00a0<span>Gang.<\/span>\u00a0<span>However,<\/span>\u00a0<span>O&#8217;Banion&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>demeanor<\/span><span>belied<\/span>\u00a0<span>what<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>really<\/span>\u00a0<span>was.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>former<\/span><span>choir<\/span>\u00a0<span>boy.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>ran<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>flower<\/span>\u00a0<span>shop<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>State<\/span>\u00a0<span>Street<\/span><span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>partner,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Schofield,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>gangster<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>some<\/span>\u00a0<span>refinements.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Dion<\/span>\u00a0<span>O&#8217;Banion<\/span>\u00a0<span>became<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>thorn<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>Torrio&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>side.<\/span><span>Torrio<\/span>\u00a0<span>put<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>call<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>Brooklyn,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Frankie<\/span>\u00a0<span>Yale<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>come<\/span>\u00a0<span>out<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>do<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>special<\/span>\u00a0<span>job.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Frankie<\/span>\u00a0<span>takes<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>train<\/span>\u00a0<span>up,<\/span>\u00a0<span>orders<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>floral<\/span>\u00a0<span>display<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>Michele<\/span><span>Merlo&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>funeral<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>the appointed<\/span>\u00a0<span>day.<\/span>\u00a0<span>They<\/span><span>came<\/span>\u00a0<span>in,<\/span>\u00a0<span>you got<\/span>\u00a0<span>my<\/span>\u00a0<span>flowers?<\/span>\u00a0<span>You for<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mike<\/span><span>Merlo&#8217;s?<\/span>\u00a0<span>Yes.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>good<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>see<\/span>\u00a0<span>you.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Shook<\/span>\u00a0<span>hands.<\/span><span>Frankie<\/span>\u00a0<span>held<\/span>\u00a0<span>tight<\/span>\u00a0<span>while<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>other<\/span>\u00a0<span>two<\/span><span>torpedoes<\/span>\u00a0<span>opened<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>him.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Shot<\/span>\u00a0<span>him<\/span>\u00a0<span>dead.<\/span><span>Yale<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>given<\/span>\u00a0<span>$10,000,<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>1920<\/span>\u00a0<span>dollars<\/span>\u00a0<span>we&#8217;re<\/span><span>talking<\/span>\u00a0<span>about,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>four<\/span>\u00a0<span>carat<\/span>\u00a0<span>diamond<\/span>\u00a0<span>ring<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>O&#8217;Banion&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>funeral<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>top<\/span>\u00a0<span>mob<\/span>\u00a0<span>social<\/span>\u00a0<span>event.<\/span><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>streets<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>so<\/span>\u00a0<span>jammed<\/span>\u00a0<span>scalpers<\/span><span>demanded<\/span>\u00a0<span>$1<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>vantage<\/span>\u00a0<span>points<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>buildings.<\/span><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>florist<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>buried<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>$10,000<\/span>\u00a0<span>bronze<\/span><span>coffin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>With<\/span>\u00a0<span>O&#8217;Banion<\/span>\u00a0<span>out<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>way,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>prohibition<\/span><span>war of<\/span>\u00a0<span>Chicago<\/span>\u00a0<span>really<\/span>\u00a0<span>escalates<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>next<\/span>\u00a0<span>few<\/span><span>years,<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>North<\/span>\u00a0<span>Side<\/span>\u00a0<span>boss<\/span>\u00a0<span>after<\/span>\u00a0<span>another<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span><span>gunned<\/span>\u00a0<span>down<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>retribution<\/span>\u00a0<span>follows.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>You<\/span>\u00a0<span>see<\/span>\u00a0<span>the thing<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>not<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>get<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>assassin.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It&#8217;s<\/span><span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>get<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>guy<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>pays<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>assassin.<\/span>\u00a0<span>They<\/span>\u00a0<span>tried<\/span><span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>ambush<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Torrio<\/span>\u00a0<span>was a<\/span>\u00a0<span>victim<\/span>\u00a0<span>of the<\/span><span>shooting.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Decided<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>pack<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>and he<\/span>\u00a0<span>handed<\/span><span>over<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>whole of<\/span>\u00a0<span>Chicago.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al,<\/span>\u00a0<span>it&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>yours.<\/span>\u00a0<span>I&#8217;m<\/span><span>leaving.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>came<\/span>\u00a0<span>close<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>dying<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>handed over<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>whole<\/span>\u00a0<span>works<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>By<\/span>\u00a0<span>1927,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>become<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>Chicago&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>top<\/span>\u00a0<span>media<\/span>\u00a0<span>celebrities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>But<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>reputation<\/span>\u00a0<span>has<\/span>\u00a0<span>been<\/span>\u00a0<span>somewhat<\/span>\u00a0<span>inflated<\/span><span>because<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>loves<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>interviewed<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span><span>journalists.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>makes<\/span>\u00a0<span>himself<\/span>\u00a0<span>available<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>journalists,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>talks<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>about<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>that.<\/span><span>He&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>not<\/span>\u00a0<span>very<\/span>\u00a0<span>bright.<\/span>\u00a0<span>I mean,<\/span>\u00a0<span>even<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>gangster,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>pretty<\/span>\u00a0<span>stupid.<\/span>\u00a0<span>But<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>journalists<\/span>\u00a0<span>take<\/span>\u00a0<span>these<\/span>\u00a0<span>meanderings,<\/span>\u00a0<span>these<\/span><span>random<\/span>\u00a0<span>reflections<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>turn<\/span>\u00a0<span>them<\/span><span>into<\/span>\u00a0<span>sentences<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>paragraphs.<\/span>\u00a0<span>So<\/span>\u00a0<span>he&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>made<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>seem<\/span>\u00a0<span>intelligent.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Al<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>loved<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>go<\/span>\u00a0<span>down<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>street<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span><span>big<\/span>\u00a0<span>black<\/span>\u00a0<span>limousine<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>bodyguards<\/span><span>surrounding<\/span>\u00a0<span>him.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>loved<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>go<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>ballparks<\/span><span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>have<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>crowd<\/span>\u00a0<span>cheer<\/span>\u00a0<span>when<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>entered<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span><span>box.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Chicago&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>most<\/span>\u00a0<span>notorious<\/span>\u00a0<span>citizen,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone,<\/span><span>king<\/span>\u00a0<span>of the<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangsters,<\/span>\u00a0<span>appears<\/span>\u00a0<span>in a new<\/span>\u00a0<span>role,<\/span><span>that of<\/span>\u00a0<span>public<\/span>\u00a0<span>benefactor,<\/span>\u00a0<span>when<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>sets<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>soup kitchens<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>feed<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>unemployed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>If it<\/span>\u00a0<span>wasn&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>for our<\/span>\u00a0<span>friend,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al Caponio,<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>grew<\/span><span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>in this<\/span>\u00a0<span>here<\/span>\u00a0<span>warehouse<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>1935<\/span>\u00a0<span>South<\/span>\u00a0<span>State<\/span><span>Street,<\/span>\u00a0<span>we<\/span>\u00a0<span>wouldn&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>eat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>But<\/span>\u00a0<span>what<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Chicago<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>really<\/span>\u00a0<span>enjoyed<\/span><span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Chicago<\/span>\u00a0<span>of the<\/span>\u00a0<span>nightclubs,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>it&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>more<\/span><span>than<\/span>\u00a0<span>10,000<\/span>\u00a0<span>speakeasies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>There<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>so<\/span>\u00a0<span>many<\/span>\u00a0<span>nightclubs<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>you<\/span><span>couldn&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>wade<\/span>\u00a0<span>through<\/span>\u00a0<span>them.<\/span>\u00a0<span>I<\/span>\u00a0<span>played<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>piano.<\/span>\u00a0<span>I<\/span>\u00a0<span>sung.<\/span>\u00a0<span>I<\/span>\u00a0<span>played<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>musical<\/span>\u00a0<span>saw.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>I<\/span><span>never<\/span>\u00a0<span>cared<\/span>\u00a0<span>too<\/span>\u00a0<span>much<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>dancing,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>I didn&#8217;t<\/span><span>consider<\/span>\u00a0<span>myself<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>flapper.<\/span>\u00a0<span>I<\/span>\u00a0<span>considered<\/span>\u00a0<span>myself<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>Southern<\/span>\u00a0<span>lady.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Rio<\/span>\u00a0<span>Burke<\/span>\u00a0<span>knew<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>well.<\/span>\u00a0<span>She<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>married<\/span><span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>Dominick<\/span>\u00a0<span>Roberto,<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>lieutenants.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>always<\/span>\u00a0<span>having<\/span>\u00a0<span>him<\/span>\u00a0<span>out to<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>house<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span><span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>group<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>men,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>we<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>long<\/span>\u00a0<span>table<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>sat<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>table.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>men,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>women<\/span><span>didn&#8217;t.<\/span>\u00a0<span>We<\/span>\u00a0<span>stayed<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>background.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Served<\/span><span>them<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>cooked<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Dominick&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>line<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>work<\/span>\u00a0<span>became<\/span>\u00a0<span>more<\/span>\u00a0<span>apparent<\/span><span>when<\/span>\u00a0<span>Rio&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>maid<\/span>\u00a0<span>found<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>huge<\/span>\u00a0<span>gunny sack<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>closet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>loaded<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>kinds<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>guns.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Pistols,<\/span><span>Aristotle<\/span>\u00a0<span>sawed-off<\/span>\u00a0<span>shotguns,<\/span>\u00a0<span>every<\/span>\u00a0<span>kind of<\/span>\u00a0<span>gun<\/span><span>so we put it<\/span>\u00a0<span>back.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>when<\/span>\u00a0<span>Dominick<\/span>\u00a0<span>came<\/span><span>home,<\/span>\u00a0<span>I<\/span>\u00a0<span>said,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Honey,<\/span>\u00a0<span>what are<\/span>\u00a0<span>all those<\/span>\u00a0<span>guns<\/span><span>doing<\/span>\u00a0<span>downstairs<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>gunny<\/span>\u00a0<span>sack?<\/span>\u00a0<span>Well,<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span><span>says,<\/span>\u00a0<span>some<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>boys<\/span>\u00a0<span>are<\/span>\u00a0<span>going<\/span>\u00a0<span>hunting.<\/span>\u00a0<span>They<\/span><span>went<\/span>\u00a0<span>hunting,<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>right.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>then,<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>course,<\/span>\u00a0<span>I&#8217;d<\/span><span>hear<\/span>\u00a0<span>things.<\/span>\u00a0<span>But<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>wouldn&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>let<\/span>\u00a0<span>me<\/span>\u00a0<span>socialize.<\/span><span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>wives<\/span>\u00a0<span>did not<\/span>\u00a0<span>socialize.<\/span>\u00a0<span>If they<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span><span>business<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>take<\/span>\u00a0<span>care<\/span>\u00a0<span>of,<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>did<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>somewhere<\/span><span>else,<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>office<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>some<\/span>\u00a0<span>place<\/span>\u00a0<span>like<\/span>\u00a0<span>that.<\/span>\u00a0<span>They<\/span><span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>never<\/span>\u00a0<span>do it<\/span>\u00a0<span>in a<\/span>\u00a0<span>place like<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>house.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>always<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>someone<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>do<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>thinking<\/span><span>for him.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>Johnny<\/span>\u00a0<span>Torrio<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>first,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>then<\/span>\u00a0<span>after<\/span><span>Torrio<\/span>\u00a0<span>retires,<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>retired<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>returns<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>New<\/span><span>York<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>1926,<\/span>\u00a0<span>there&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>man<\/span>\u00a0<span>named<\/span>\u00a0<span>Greasy<\/span><span>Thumb<\/span>\u00a0<span>Guzik,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Jake<\/span>\u00a0<span>Guzik,<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>Jewish<\/span><span>gangster<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>sort<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>man<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span><span>Capone&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>right<\/span>\u00a0<span>hand<\/span>\u00a0<span>telling<\/span>\u00a0<span>him<\/span>\u00a0<span>what<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>do,<\/span>\u00a0<span>how<\/span><span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>handle<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>money<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>so<\/span>\u00a0<span>on.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Throughout<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>vicious<\/span>\u00a0<span>years,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>saw<\/span><span>himself<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>really<\/span>\u00a0<span>providing<\/span>\u00a0<span>services<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>others.<\/span>\u00a0<span>I<\/span><span>give<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>people<\/span>\u00a0<span>what<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>wants.<\/span>\u00a0<span>I&#8217;ve<\/span>\u00a0<span>given<\/span>\u00a0<span>people<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>light<\/span>\u00a0<span>pleasures<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>I<\/span>\u00a0<span>get<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>abuse.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>developed<\/span>\u00a0<span>contact<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>New York<\/span>\u00a0<span>mob, he<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>operating<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>city<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>suburbs.<\/span><span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>one-by-one<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>ruthlessly<\/span>\u00a0<span>closed<\/span>\u00a0<span>down<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>competitors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>buying<\/span>\u00a0<span>booze<\/span>\u00a0<span>from all over the<\/span><span>country.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Doing<\/span>\u00a0<span>business<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>Frankie<\/span>\u00a0<span>Yale,<\/span>\u00a0<span>a lot<\/span><span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>trucks<\/span>\u00a0<span>were being<\/span>\u00a0<span>hijacked<\/span>\u00a0<span>before<\/span>\u00a0<span>they even<\/span><span>left<\/span>\u00a0<span>Brooklyn.<\/span>\u00a0<span>So he was<\/span>\u00a0<span>suspicious.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span><span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>friend<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>Brooklyn,<\/span>\u00a0<span>James<\/span>\u00a0<span>[? Falsi ?]<\/span><span>D&#8217;Amato,<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>asked<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>keep<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span>\u00a0<span>eye<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>Yale.<\/span><span>[? Falsi ?]<\/span>\u00a0<span>wound<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>dead.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>On<\/span>\u00a0<span>July<\/span>\u00a0<span>1,<\/span>\u00a0<span>1928<\/span>\u00a0<span>around<\/span>\u00a0<span>4:00<\/span>\u00a0<span>PM,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Yale<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span><span>drinking<\/span>\u00a0<span>in his<\/span>\u00a0<span>speakeasy,<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>call<\/span>\u00a0<span>came<\/span>\u00a0<span>in.<\/span><span>Something<\/span>\u00a0<span>happened<\/span>\u00a0<span>to your<\/span>\u00a0<span>wife.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Runs<\/span>\u00a0<span>out<\/span>\u00a0<span>to his<\/span>\u00a0<span>car,<\/span>\u00a0<span>suddenly<\/span>\u00a0<span>he spots<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>black<\/span>\u00a0<span>Nash<\/span>\u00a0<span>trailing<\/span><span>him.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>speeds<\/span>\u00a0<span>up,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the other<\/span>\u00a0<span>car<\/span>\u00a0<span>gained<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>him.<\/span><span>Hey,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Frankie.<\/span>\u00a0<span>That&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>it.<\/span>\u00a0<span>They<\/span>\u00a0<span>hit<\/span>\u00a0<span>him,<\/span>\u00a0<span>machine<\/span><span>gun,<\/span>\u00a0<span>shotgun,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>pistol<\/span>\u00a0<span>fire.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>make-<\/span>\u00a0<span>This<\/span><span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>true,<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>make<\/span>\u00a0<span>sure,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>car<\/span>\u00a0<span>came<\/span>\u00a0<span>to a<\/span><span>screeching<\/span>\u00a0<span>halt<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>Yale&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>car crashed<\/span>\u00a0<span>into<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>building.<\/span>\u00a0<span>One<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>gunmen<\/span>\u00a0<span>leaped<\/span>\u00a0<span>out,<\/span>\u00a0<span>drew<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>45<\/span>\u00a0<span>automatic,<\/span>\u00a0<span>ran<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>fallen<\/span>\u00a0<span>Yale,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>pumped<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>whole<\/span>\u00a0<span>clip<\/span>\u00a0<span>into<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>head.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Frankie<\/span>\u00a0<span>Yale,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>first<\/span>\u00a0<span>celebrity<\/span>\u00a0<span>godfather,<\/span><span>received<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>biggest<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangland<\/span>\u00a0<span>funeral<\/span>\u00a0<span>in the<\/span><span>nation.<\/span>\u00a0<span>There<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>250<\/span>\u00a0<span>cars<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>procession<\/span><span>plus<\/span>\u00a0<span>38<\/span>\u00a0<span>flower<\/span>\u00a0<span>cars,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>casket<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>rested<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span><span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>nickel<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>silver<\/span>\u00a0<span>casket<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>cost&#8211;<\/span>\u00a0<span>1928<\/span><span>dollars,<\/span>\u00a0<span>now<\/span>\u00a0<span>we&#8217;re<\/span>\u00a0<span>talking<\/span>\u00a0<span>about&#8211;<\/span>\u00a0<span>15<\/span>\u00a0<span>grand.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>There<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>least<\/span>\u00a0<span>12,000<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>15,000<\/span>\u00a0<span>mourners.<\/span><span>Alphonse<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone,<\/span>\u00a0<span>was,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>still,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>most<\/span><span>famous<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangster<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>20th<\/span>\u00a0<span>century.<\/span>\u00a0<span>But<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>thing<\/span>\u00a0<span>is,<\/span>\u00a0<span>who was<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>man<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>started<\/span>\u00a0<span>him<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span><span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>way<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>becoming<\/span>\u00a0<span>what<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>was?<\/span>\u00a0<span>A<\/span>\u00a0<span>celebrity<\/span><span>gangster.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Frankie<\/span>\u00a0<span>Yale,<\/span>\u00a0<span>who he<\/span>\u00a0<span>modeled<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>life<\/span><span>after.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>But<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>bloodiest<\/span>\u00a0<span>event<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>yet<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>come.<\/span>\u00a0<span>When<\/span><span>news<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Saint<\/span>\u00a0<span>Valentine&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>Day<\/span>\u00a0<span>massacre<\/span><span>broken<\/span>\u00a0<span>in the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Chicago<\/span>\u00a0<span>Press,<\/span>\u00a0<span>few<\/span>\u00a0<span>people<\/span>\u00a0<span>could<\/span><span>believe<\/span>\u00a0<span>what<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>happened.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span>\u00a0<span>event<\/span><span>unparalleled<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangland<\/span>\u00a0<span>history,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>sad<\/span>\u00a0<span>day<\/span><span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>American<\/span>\u00a0<span>justice.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>With<\/span>\u00a0<span>rival<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootleggers<\/span>\u00a0<span>eliminated,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span><span>faced<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>challenge<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>lone<\/span>\u00a0<span>survivor,<\/span><span>George<\/span>\u00a0<span>Bugs<\/span>\u00a0<span>Moran.<\/span>\u00a0<span>In<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>struggle<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>control<\/span><span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>Chicago&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>liquor<\/span>\u00a0<span>trade,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Moran<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>twice<\/span>\u00a0<span>tried<\/span><span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>kill<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>failed.<\/span>\u00a0<span>On<\/span>\u00a0<span>February<\/span>\u00a0<span>14,<\/span>\u00a0<span>1929,<\/span><span>seven<\/span>\u00a0<span>Moran<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangsters<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>huddled<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>cold<\/span><span>warehouse<\/span>\u00a0<span>awaiting<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>shipment<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>whiskey.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>According<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>housewife<\/span>\u00a0<span>next<\/span>\u00a0<span>door,<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>Cadillac<\/span><span>pulled<\/span>\u00a0<span>up and<\/span>\u00a0<span>four<\/span>\u00a0<span>men<\/span>\u00a0<span>went<\/span>\u00a0<span>inside,<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span><span>uniform,<\/span>\u00a0<span>leading<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>way.<\/span>\u00a0<span>She<\/span>\u00a0<span>assumed<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>police<\/span>\u00a0<span>raid,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>so<\/span>\u00a0<span>did<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>seven<\/span>\u00a0<span>men<\/span>\u00a0<span>inside.<\/span><span>They<\/span>\u00a0<span>lined<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>against<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>wall<\/span>\u00a0<span>expecting<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>be<\/span><span>arrested.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>machine<\/span>\u00a0<span>gun<\/span>\u00a0<span>swung<\/span>\u00a0<span>back<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>forth<\/span>\u00a0<span>three<\/span>\u00a0<span>times.<\/span>\u00a0<span>First,<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>level<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span><span>heads,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>chests,<\/span>\u00a0<span>then<\/span>\u00a0<span>stomachs.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Over<\/span>\u00a0<span>1,000<\/span><span>bullets<\/span>\u00a0<span>shattered<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span>\u00a0<span>bone<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>cartilage<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span><span>point<\/span>\u00a0<span>blank<\/span>\u00a0<span>range.<\/span>\u00a0<span>A<\/span>\u00a0<span>pool of<\/span>\u00a0<span>blood<\/span>\u00a0<span>formed<\/span>\u00a0<span>40<\/span><span>feet<\/span>\u00a0<span>wide.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>Florida<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>time,<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>it was<\/span><span>clear<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>gang<\/span>\u00a0<span>did<\/span>\u00a0<span>it.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>most<\/span>\u00a0<span>notorious<\/span><span>example<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootlegging<\/span>\u00a0<span>violence,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>it&#8217;s<\/span><span>ultimately,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>catalyst<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>downfall.<\/span><span>For<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>two<\/span>\u00a0<span>main<\/span>\u00a0<span>trigger<\/span>\u00a0<span>men<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>massacre,<\/span><span>Albert<\/span>\u00a0<span>Anselmi<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>John<\/span>\u00a0<span>Scalise,<\/span>\u00a0<span>there<\/span>\u00a0<span>was a<\/span><span>cruel<\/span>\u00a0<span>reward.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>assembled<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>room<\/span>\u00a0<span>full<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>mobsters<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>honor<\/span>\u00a0<span>them<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span>\u00a0<span>recent<\/span>\u00a0<span>deeds.<\/span><span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>heard<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>guests<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>honor<\/span>\u00a0<span>we&#8217;re<\/span><span>part<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>conspiracy<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>dethrone<\/span>\u00a0<span>him.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>In the<\/span>\u00a0<span>course of the<\/span>\u00a0<span>dinner,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>takes<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>baseball<\/span>\u00a0<span>bat<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>beats<\/span>\u00a0<span>them<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>death.<\/span><span>Hammers<\/span>\u00a0<span>away<\/span>\u00a0<span>at their<\/span>\u00a0<span>heads<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>they&#8217;re<\/span><span>killed.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>bodies<\/span>\u00a0<span>are<\/span>\u00a0<span>carted<\/span>\u00a0<span>off<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>the dinner<\/span><span>continues<\/span>\u00a0<span>as though<\/span>\u00a0<span>nothing<\/span>\u00a0<span>happened.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Get<\/span>\u00a0<span>these<\/span>\u00a0<span>criminal<\/span>\u00a0<span>behind<\/span>\u00a0<span>prison<\/span>\u00a0<span>walls.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>too<\/span><span>bad<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>we<\/span>\u00a0<span>even<\/span>\u00a0<span>have<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>pay<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span>\u00a0<span>support.<\/span><span>Their<\/span>\u00a0<span>extermination<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>much<\/span>\u00a0<span>more<\/span><span>satisfactory.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Already<\/span>\u00a0<span>these<\/span>\u00a0<span>rats<\/span>\u00a0<span>are<\/span>\u00a0<span>running<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>cover.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It&#8217;s the<\/span><span>duty<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>every<\/span>\u00a0<span>law abiding<\/span>\u00a0<span>citizen<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>help<\/span>\u00a0<span>ferret<\/span><span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>hiding<\/span>\u00a0<span>place<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>see<\/span>\u00a0<span>when<\/span>\u00a0<span>caught<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span><span>are<\/span>\u00a0<span>treated<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>way<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>really<\/span>\u00a0<span>are,<\/span>\u00a0<span>rats.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>President<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hoover<\/span>\u00a0<span>responded<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>public&#8217;s<\/span><span>outrage.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Parallel<\/span>\u00a0<span>investigations<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>launched<\/span><span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>Prohibition<\/span>\u00a0<span>Agent,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Elliott<\/span>\u00a0<span>Ness,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>Justice<\/span>\u00a0<span>Department<\/span>\u00a0<span>searching<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootlegging<\/span><span>evidence.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>IRS&#8217;s,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Frank<\/span>\u00a0<span>Wilson,<\/span>\u00a0<span>looking<\/span><span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>proof<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>taxable<\/span>\u00a0<span>income.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>wanted<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>know<\/span><span>why<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>high<\/span>\u00a0<span>living<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>never<\/span>\u00a0<span>filed<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>tax<\/span><span>return.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Like<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Elliott<\/span>\u00a0<span>Ness<\/span>\u00a0<span>loved<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>limelight,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>guaranteed<\/span>\u00a0<span>coverage<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>telling<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>press<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>advance<\/span>\u00a0<span>what<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>planned<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>raid.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Somebody<\/span>\u00a0<span>spilled<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>beans and<\/span>\u00a0<span>now,<\/span><span>prohibition<\/span>\u00a0<span>agents<\/span>\u00a0<span>are<\/span>\u00a0<span>spilling the<\/span>\u00a0<span>beer.<\/span><span>Thousands<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>gallons<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>plenty<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>kick.<\/span><span>There&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>no<\/span>\u00a0<span>doubt<\/span>\u00a0<span>about<\/span>\u00a0<span>it,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>raid<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>smashing<\/span>\u00a0<span>success.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Talk<\/span>\u00a0<span>about<\/span>\u00a0<span>showers,<\/span>\u00a0<span>how would<\/span>\u00a0<span>you<\/span>\u00a0<span>like<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>stand<\/span>\u00a0<span>under<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>one?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>IRS<\/span>\u00a0<span>men,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Elmer<\/span>\u00a0<span>Irey<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>Frank<\/span>\u00a0<span>Wilson,<\/span><span>operated<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>secrecy<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>obscurity,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>we&#8217;re<\/span><span>able<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>infiltrate<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>organization.<\/span><span>Although<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>never<\/span>\u00a0<span>signed<\/span>\u00a0<span>any<\/span>\u00a0<span>checks,<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span><span>uncovered<\/span>\u00a0<span>$165,000<\/span>\u00a0<span>worth<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>taxable<\/span>\u00a0<span>income,<\/span><span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>Wilson<\/span>\u00a0<span>wasn&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>satisfied.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>wanted<\/span><span>evidence<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>put<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>away<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>good.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span><span>needed<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span>\u00a0<span>informer,<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>no<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>talking.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Omerta<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>actually<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>law<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>silence.<\/span><span>When<\/span>\u00a0<span>you<\/span>\u00a0<span>become<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>number<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia,<\/span>\u00a0<span>you<\/span><span>take<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span>\u00a0<span>oath<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>you<\/span>\u00a0<span>will<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>love<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>secrecy.<\/span><span>You<\/span>\u00a0<span>cannot<\/span>\u00a0<span>expose<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>secrets<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>organization.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>absolute<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>it&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>enforced.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>should<\/span>\u00a0<span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>noted<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>very<\/span>\u00a0<span>strictness<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>harshness<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>code<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>omerta<\/span>\u00a0<span>contains,<\/span><span>implicit<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>it,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>very<\/span>\u00a0<span>fact<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>informing<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>possibility.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Artful<\/span>\u00a0<span>Eddie<\/span>\u00a0<span>O&#8217;Hare<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>lawyer,<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>Capone&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>lawyers.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>ran<\/span>\u00a0<span>racetracks<\/span>\u00a0<span>for the<\/span><span>Capone&#8217;s.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He had<\/span>\u00a0<span>a son<\/span>\u00a0<span>named<\/span>\u00a0<span>Butch<\/span>\u00a0<span>on who<\/span><span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>doted.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>peppered<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>conversations<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span><span>references<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>my<\/span>\u00a0<span>son,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Butch.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>wants<\/span>\u00a0<span>Butch to<\/span><span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>able<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>go<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>Annapolis,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>can&#8217;t<\/span><span>because<\/span>\u00a0<span>Artful<\/span>\u00a0<span>Eddie<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangster.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>So<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>Eddie<\/span>\u00a0<span>told<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>story,<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>turns<\/span>\u00a0<span>against<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al<\/span><span>Capone,<\/span>\u00a0<span>provides<\/span>\u00a0<span>evidence<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>tax<\/span><span>case.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>so<\/span>\u00a0<span>Artful<\/span>\u00a0<span>Eddie<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>sort<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>pardoned.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span><span>becomes<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>good<\/span>\u00a0<span>citizen.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>learn<\/span><span>about<\/span>\u00a0<span>this<\/span>\u00a0<span>treachery<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>kill<\/span>\u00a0<span>him.<\/span>\u00a0<span>But<\/span>\u00a0<span>Eddie<\/span><span>O&#8217;Hare<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>indeed,<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>Navy<\/span>\u00a0<span>hero<\/span>\u00a0<span>during<\/span>\u00a0<span>World<\/span>\u00a0<span>War<\/span><span>II,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>O&#8217;Hare<\/span>\u00a0<span>Airport, in<\/span>\u00a0<span>Chicago,<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>named<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>son<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangster.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>As<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>last<\/span>\u00a0<span>desperate<\/span>\u00a0<span>attempt,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>offered<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>million<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>half<\/span>\u00a0<span>dollars<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>cash<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>IRS<\/span>\u00a0<span>man,<\/span><span>Elmer<\/span>\u00a0<span>Irey.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Irey<\/span>\u00a0<span>turned<\/span>\u00a0<span>him<\/span>\u00a0<span>down.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Mr.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Alphonse<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone,<\/span>\u00a0<span>alias,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al Brown,<\/span>\u00a0<span>alias,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>Big<\/span>\u00a0<span>Shot,<\/span>\u00a0<span>has<\/span>\u00a0<span>met<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>enemy<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>there&#8217;s.<\/span><span>Now,<\/span>\u00a0<span>for a<\/span>\u00a0<span>change,<\/span>\u00a0<span>they are<\/span>\u00a0<span>taking<\/span>\u00a0<span>him<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>ride.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>so,<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>until<\/span>\u00a0<span>1940,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mr.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>will<\/span>\u00a0<span>be<\/span><span>Mr.<\/span>\u00a0<span>40,886.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Let<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>be a<\/span>\u00a0<span>good lesson<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>you.<\/span><span>Always<\/span>\u00a0<span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>sure<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>pay<\/span>\u00a0<span>your<\/span>\u00a0<span>income<\/span>\u00a0<span>tax.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>not<\/span>\u00a0<span>put<\/span>\u00a0<span>away<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>Eliot<\/span>\u00a0<span>Ness.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>pencil<\/span>\u00a0<span>pushing<\/span>\u00a0<span>intellectuals,<\/span>\u00a0<span>like<\/span>\u00a0<span>Elmer<\/span>\u00a0<span>Irey<\/span><span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>Frank<\/span>\u00a0<span>Wilson,<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>did<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>tax<\/span>\u00a0<span>work<\/span>\u00a0<span>against<\/span><span>Al<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Elliott<\/span>\u00a0<span>Ness<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>footnote<\/span>\u00a0<span>figure.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>In<\/span>\u00a0<span>1947,<\/span>\u00a0<span>suffering<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>syphilis,<\/span>\u00a0<span>pneumonia,<\/span><span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>brain<\/span>\u00a0<span>hemorrhage,<\/span>\u00a0<span>48-year-old<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span><span>died.<\/span>\u00a0<span>According<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>Jake<\/span>\u00a0<span>Guzik,<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>nutty<\/span><span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>fruitcake.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>syphilis<\/span>\u00a0<span>for a<\/span>\u00a0<span>long<\/span>\u00a0<span>time,<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>never<\/span>\u00a0<span>did<\/span><span>anything<\/span>\u00a0<span>about<\/span>\u00a0<span>it.<\/span>\u00a0<span>I don&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>think<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>believed it.<\/span><span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>then,<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>course,<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>did<\/span>\u00a0<span>die.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lost<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>mind,<\/span><span>you<\/span>\u00a0<span>know.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Historians<\/span>\u00a0<span>have<\/span>\u00a0<span>been<\/span>\u00a0<span>unusually<\/span>\u00a0<span>kind to<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al<\/span><span>Capone.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Recently,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>retried<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>found<\/span>\u00a0<span>innocent<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>mock<\/span>\u00a0<span>trial,<\/span>\u00a0<span>I<\/span>\u00a0<span>believe,<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>American<\/span>\u00a0<span>Bar<\/span>\u00a0<span>Association.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>now,<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>Chicago,<\/span><span>they&#8217;re<\/span>\u00a0<span>opening<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span>\u00a0<span>Al<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>museum<\/span>\u00a0<span>along<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Gold<\/span>\u00a0<span>Coast.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>With<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>toppled<\/span>\u00a0<span>through<\/span>\u00a0<span>tax<\/span>\u00a0<span>evasion<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>prohibition<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>way<\/span>\u00a0<span>out,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>speakeasies<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>&#8217;20s<\/span>\u00a0<span>became<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>nightclubs<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>&#8217;30s,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>provided<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangsters<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>legal<\/span>\u00a0<span>income<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>front.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>When<\/span>\u00a0<span>black<\/span>\u00a0<span>jazz<\/span>\u00a0<span>musicians<\/span>\u00a0<span>worked in<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangster<\/span><span>clubs,<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>brought<\/span>\u00a0<span>together<\/span>\u00a0<span>lives<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>social<\/span><span>outskirts<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>conventional<\/span>\u00a0<span>society.<\/span>\u00a0<span>At<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>time<\/span><span>when<\/span>\u00a0<span>blacks<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>whites<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>little<\/span>\u00a0<span>contact<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span><span>peers,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangsters<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>jazz<\/span>\u00a0<span>men<\/span>\u00a0<span>shared<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>communal<\/span>\u00a0<span>nature<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>experience<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span><span>transcended<\/span>\u00a0<span>race.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>I<\/span>\u00a0<span>suppose<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangsters<\/span>\u00a0<span>were as<\/span>\u00a0<span>racist<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>most<\/span><span>white<\/span>\u00a0<span>people<\/span>\u00a0<span>were at the<\/span>\u00a0<span>time,<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>some<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>them<\/span>\u00a0<span>did<\/span>\u00a0<span>like<\/span>\u00a0<span>jazz.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Some<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>jazz<\/span>\u00a0<span>men<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span><span>said,<\/span>\u00a0<span>I<\/span>\u00a0<span>wish<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>still<\/span>\u00a0<span>owned<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>nightclubs.<\/span>\u00a0<span>You<\/span><span>could<\/span>\u00a0<span>trust<\/span>\u00a0<span>them.<\/span>\u00a0<span>They<\/span>\u00a0<span>said<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>going<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>pay<\/span>\u00a0<span>you,<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>paid<\/span>\u00a0<span>you.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>sometimes<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span><span>provide<\/span>\u00a0<span>services.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>There&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>story<\/span>\u00a0<span>about<\/span>\u00a0<span>how<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>band<\/span>\u00a0<span>picked<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>singer<\/span>\u00a0<span>down<\/span>\u00a0<span>South<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>brought<\/span>\u00a0<span>him to<\/span>\u00a0<span>Chicago<\/span><span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>major<\/span>\u00a0<span>black<\/span>\u00a0<span>club,<\/span>\u00a0<span>which<\/span>\u00a0<span>was,<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>course,<\/span><span>owned<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone&#8217;s.<\/span>\u00a0<span>When<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>man&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>white<\/span><span>employer<\/span>\u00a0<span>came<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>try<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>get him<\/span>\u00a0<span>back,<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span><span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>beaten<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>club&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>bouncers<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>sent<\/span><span>back<\/span>\u00a0<span>South.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>jazz<\/span>\u00a0<span>singer<\/span>\u00a0<span>got<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>stay<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span><span>Chicago.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>[SINGING]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>It&#8217;s a<\/span>\u00a0<span>time<\/span>\u00a0<span>when<\/span>\u00a0<span>Joey<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lewis<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>promising<\/span><span>cabaret<\/span>\u00a0<span>singer.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>Green<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mill<\/span>\u00a0<span>was a<\/span>\u00a0<span>jumping<\/span><span>speakeasy<\/span>\u00a0<span>on the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Northside<\/span>\u00a0<span>booking<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>top<\/span><span>nightclub<\/span>\u00a0<span>acts of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the era<\/span>\u00a0<span>into<\/span>\u00a0<span>there.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Joey<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lewis<\/span><span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>booked<\/span>\u00a0<span>into<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>Green<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mill.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>received<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span><span>offer<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>perform<\/span>\u00a0<span>elsewhere<\/span>\u00a0<span>while<\/span>\u00a0<span>under<\/span>\u00a0<span>contract<\/span><span>to the<\/span>\u00a0<span>syndicate<\/span>\u00a0<span>controlled<\/span>\u00a0<span>place.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>broke<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>contract<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>viciously<\/span>\u00a0<span>slashed<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the neck,<\/span><span>allegedly<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>Machine<\/span>\u00a0<span>Gun<\/span>\u00a0<span>Jack<\/span>\u00a0<span>McGurn.<\/span><span>Afterwards,<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>hopes<\/span>\u00a0<span>of a<\/span>\u00a0<span>singing career<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span><span>abandoned.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Joey<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lewis<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>change<\/span>\u00a0<span>careers<\/span><span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>become<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>comedian.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>In<\/span>\u00a0<span>some<\/span>\u00a0<span>cases,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangsters<\/span>\u00a0<span>control<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>performers,<\/span>\u00a0<span>especially<\/span>\u00a0<span>if<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>have<\/span>\u00a0<span>gambling<\/span><span>habits.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Joey<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lewis,<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>example,<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span><span>inveterate<\/span>\u00a0<span>gambler.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Often<\/span>\u00a0<span>lost,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>so<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span><span>beholden<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangsters<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>ran<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>gambling<\/span>\u00a0<span>games<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>frequented.<\/span>\u00a0<span>So<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span><span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span>\u00a0<span>favorite<\/span>\u00a0<span>couriers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>There&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>Milton<\/span>\u00a0<span>Berle,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Broadway<\/span>\u00a0<span>comedian.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>I&#8217;m<\/span>\u00a0<span>very<\/span>\u00a0<span>happy<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>here<\/span>\u00a0<span>tonight.<\/span>\u00a0<span>I&#8217;m<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>little<\/span><span>unprepared,<\/span>\u00a0<span>I<\/span>\u00a0<span>didn&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>know they<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>going to<\/span><span>call on me<\/span>\u00a0<span>till<\/span>\u00a0<span>six weeks<\/span>\u00a0<span>ago.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Milton<\/span>\u00a0<span>Berle<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>man<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>started<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>gambling<\/span><span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>1930s,<\/span>\u00a0<span>when<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>career<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span>\u00a0<span>entertainer<\/span><span>begins<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>nightclubs.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>later<\/span>\u00a0<span>estimates<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span><span>he&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>lost<\/span>\u00a0<span>about<\/span>\u00a0<span>$3<\/span>\u00a0<span>million<\/span>\u00a0<span>over<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>years<\/span><span>gambling.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Again,<\/span>\u00a0<span>these<\/span>\u00a0<span>connections,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>gambling<\/span>\u00a0<span>debts,<\/span>\u00a0<span>put<\/span>\u00a0<span>him<\/span>\u00a0<span>into<\/span>\u00a0<span>contact<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span><span>gangsters.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>How<\/span>\u00a0<span>old are<\/span>\u00a0<span>you?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>39.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>39?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Yes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Jimmy<\/span>\u00a0<span>Durante<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>another<\/span>\u00a0<span>example.<\/span>\u00a0<span>In<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span><span>case,<\/span>\u00a0<span>it&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>not<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>does<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>gambling,<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span><span>manager,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lou<\/span>\u00a0<span>Clayton,<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span>\u00a0<span>inveterate<\/span><span>gambler,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>so<\/span>\u00a0<span>Jim<\/span>\u00a0<span>Durante<\/span>\u00a0<span>often<\/span>\u00a0<span>appears<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span><span>gangster<\/span>\u00a0<span>clubs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Lena<\/span>\u00a0<span>Horne<\/span>\u00a0<span>starts<\/span>\u00a0<span>her<\/span>\u00a0<span>showbiz<\/span>\u00a0<span>career<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>dancer<\/span>\u00a0<span>At the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Cotton Club<\/span>\u00a0<span>in the<\/span>\u00a0<span>early<\/span>\u00a0<span>1930s.<\/span><span>Her<\/span>\u00a0<span>father<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>Ted<\/span>\u00a0<span>Horne,<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a numbers<\/span><span>boss<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>Pittsburg.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He&#8217;s a<\/span>\u00a0<span>gambling<\/span>\u00a0<span>man,<\/span>\u00a0<span>a fancy<\/span><span>man<\/span>\u00a0<span>in the<\/span>\u00a0<span>black<\/span>\u00a0<span>underworld.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>at one<\/span>\u00a0<span>point,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lena<\/span>\u00a0<span>Horne<\/span>\u00a0<span>wanted<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>leave<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>chorus<\/span>\u00a0<span>line<\/span>\u00a0<span>at the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Cotton Club and<\/span>\u00a0<span>perform<\/span><span>somewhere<\/span>\u00a0<span>else.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And her<\/span>\u00a0<span>father<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>trying<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>arrange<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>with the<\/span>\u00a0<span>employers<\/span>\u00a0<span>at the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Cotton<\/span><span>Club.<\/span>\u00a0<span>They<\/span>\u00a0<span>disagreed<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>him<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>prove<\/span><span>their<\/span>\u00a0<span>point,<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>beat<\/span>\u00a0<span>him<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>shoved<\/span>\u00a0<span>his head<\/span>\u00a0<span>into<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>toilet.<\/span>\u00a0<span>So<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lena<\/span>\u00a0<span>Horne<\/span>\u00a0<span>stayed<\/span>\u00a0<span>at the<\/span><span>Cotton Club.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>She<\/span>\u00a0<span>says<\/span>\u00a0<span>that she<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>so<\/span>\u00a0<span>young<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>she<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span><span>not<\/span>\u00a0<span>offered<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangsters<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>most<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>dancers<\/span><span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>club.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Most<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>dancers<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span><span>certain,<\/span>\u00a0<span>shall<\/span>\u00a0<span>we<\/span>\u00a0<span>say,<\/span>\u00a0<span>social<\/span>\u00a0<span>responsibilities<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>favored<\/span>\u00a0<span>guests<\/span>\u00a0<span>of the<\/span>\u00a0<span>club<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>she<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>too<\/span><span>young<\/span>\u00a0<span>for that.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Baby,<\/span>\u00a0<span>I don&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>want<\/span>\u00a0<span>no<\/span>\u00a0<span>more<\/span>\u00a0<span>loving.<\/span>\u00a0<span>No,<\/span>\u00a0<span>I&#8217;d<\/span>\u00a0<span>rather<\/span><span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>alone,<\/span>\u00a0<span>so when<\/span>\u00a0<span>my<\/span>\u00a0<span>payday<\/span>\u00a0<span>comes<\/span>\u00a0<span>around<\/span><span>I<\/span>\u00a0<span>call<\/span>\u00a0<span>my<\/span>\u00a0<span>money<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>my<\/span>\u00a0<span>own.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Let me<\/span>\u00a0<span>forget<\/span>\u00a0<span>you,<\/span><span>baby.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>connections<\/span>\u00a0<span>among<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>mob<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>show<\/span><span>business<\/span>\u00a0<span>last<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>decades.<\/span>\u00a0<span>They<\/span>\u00a0<span>start<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span><span>prohibition<\/span>\u00a0<span>because<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootleggers<\/span>\u00a0<span>are<\/span><span>providing<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>booze<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>nightclubs.<\/span>\u00a0<span>But<\/span><span>those<\/span>\u00a0<span>connections<\/span>\u00a0<span>last<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>long<\/span>\u00a0<span>time.<\/span><span>Copacabana<\/span>\u00a0<span>Club,<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>New<\/span>\u00a0<span>York,<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>example,<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span><span>one of the<\/span>\u00a0<span>most<\/span>\u00a0<span>glamorous<\/span>\u00a0<span>nightclubs<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>city<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>&#8217;40s<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>&#8217;50s.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>own<\/span>\u00a0<span>secretly<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span><span>Frank<\/span>\u00a0<span>Costello,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>it&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>season,<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>fall,<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span><span>usually<\/span>\u00a0<span>open<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>Joey<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lewis,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the mob&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>favorite<\/span><span>comedian.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>But<\/span>\u00a0<span>underneath<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>glittering<\/span>\u00a0<span>surface,<\/span>\u00a0<span>lay<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>world<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>seething<\/span>\u00a0<span>violence<\/span>\u00a0<span>based<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>money<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>murder.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone<\/span>\u00a0<span>Chicago<\/span>\u00a0<span>may<\/span>\u00a0<span>have<\/span>\u00a0<span>been<\/span>\u00a0<span>the scene<\/span>\u00a0<span>of the<\/span>\u00a0<span>most<\/span>\u00a0<span>violent<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>spectacular<\/span><span>crimes,<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>New<\/span>\u00a0<span>York<\/span>\u00a0<span>City<\/span>\u00a0<span>contributed<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>most<\/span><span>significant<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italian<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootleggers.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Significant<\/span>\u00a0<span>both<\/span><span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>time<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>future<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>organized<\/span><span>crime.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>By<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>mid-1920s,<\/span>\u00a0<span>New<\/span>\u00a0<span>York<\/span>\u00a0<span>gained<\/span>\u00a0<span>its<\/span>\u00a0<span>most<\/span><span>powerful<\/span>\u00a0<span>leader<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>date.<\/span>\u00a0<span>A crude<\/span>\u00a0<span>stocky<\/span>\u00a0<span>man<\/span><span>named<\/span>\u00a0<span>Giuseppe<\/span>\u00a0<span>Masseria,<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>Joe<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Boss.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Joe<\/span><span>Bonanno<\/span>\u00a0<span>said,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Joe<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Boss<\/span>\u00a0<span>attacked<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>plate<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>spaghetti<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>if<\/span>\u00a0<span>he were<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>drooling<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mastiff.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Joe<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Boss<\/span>\u00a0<span>gathered<\/span>\u00a0<span>around<\/span>\u00a0<span>him<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>group<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>criminally<\/span>\u00a0<span>talented<\/span>\u00a0<span>young<\/span>\u00a0<span>man,<\/span>\u00a0<span>known<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>Young<\/span>\u00a0<span>Turks,<\/span>\u00a0<span>including<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lucky<\/span>\u00a0<span>Luciano,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Frank<\/span><span>Costello,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>Vito<\/span>\u00a0<span>Genovese.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>After<\/span>\u00a0<span>Frankie<\/span>\u00a0<span>Yale&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>assassination<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>1928,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Joe<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Boss<\/span>\u00a0<span>reached<\/span>\u00a0<span>new<\/span>\u00a0<span>heights<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>power.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Yet,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>total<\/span>\u00a0<span>control<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>sought<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>denied<\/span>\u00a0<span>him<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>presence<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>Salvatore<\/span>\u00a0<span>Maranzano,<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>headed<\/span><span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>group<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>gangsters<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Sicilian<\/span>\u00a0<span>village<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>Castellammarese<\/span>\u00a0<span>del<\/span>\u00a0<span>Golfo.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Maranzano<\/span><span>encroached<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>Joe the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Boss&#8217;<\/span>\u00a0<span>bootlegging<\/span><span>operations.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Hijacking<\/span>\u00a0<span>truckloads<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>booze.<\/span><span>Joe<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Boss<\/span>\u00a0<span>struck<\/span>\u00a0<span>back<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>there<\/span>\u00a0<span>followed<\/span><span>killings<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>Maranzano&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>soldiers.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span><span>Castellammarese<\/span>\u00a0<span>War<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>begun.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Joe<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Boss<\/span>\u00a0<span>passed<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>death<\/span>\u00a0<span>sentence<\/span>\u00a0<span>on<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>entire<\/span>\u00a0<span>Castellammarese<\/span>\u00a0<span>clan.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Maranzano<\/span><span>retaliated<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>asking<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lucky<\/span>\u00a0<span>Luciano<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>betray<\/span><span>Joe<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Boss<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>murdering<\/span>\u00a0<span>him.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Luciano<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span><span>always<\/span>\u00a0<span>refused<\/span>\u00a0<span>Maranzano&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>requests<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>kill<\/span>\u00a0<span>Joe<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Boss.<\/span>\u00a0<span>For<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>such<\/span>\u00a0<span>refusal,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Maranzano<\/span><span>slashed<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>face<\/span>\u00a0<span>so<\/span>\u00a0<span>badly<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>permanently<\/span><span>disfigured.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lucky<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>escape<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>life,<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span><span>given<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>nickname<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lucky<\/span>\u00a0<span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>Meyer<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lansky.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>As<\/span>\u00a0<span>Masseria&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>gang<\/span>\u00a0<span>began<\/span>\u00a0<span>suffering<\/span>\u00a0<span>heavier<\/span><span>losses,<\/span>\u00a0<span>there<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>defections.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Many<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>Young<\/span>\u00a0<span>Turks<\/span>\u00a0<span>objected<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>constant<\/span>\u00a0<span>struggle<\/span><span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>power<\/span>\u00a0<span>within<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lucky<\/span>\u00a0<span>decided<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>kill<\/span><span>Joe<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Boss<\/span>\u00a0<span>because<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>easy<\/span>\u00a0<span>access<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>him.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>On<\/span>\u00a0<span>April<\/span>\u00a0<span>15,<\/span>\u00a0<span>1931,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Joe<\/span>\u00a0<span>Masseria<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>invited<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>restaurant<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>Coney<\/span>\u00a0<span>Island,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Luciano<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>there<\/span><span>together<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>Vito<\/span>\u00a0<span>Genovese<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>Ciro<\/span><span>Terranova.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Terranova<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>Genovese<\/span>\u00a0<span>did<\/span>\u00a0<span>not<\/span><span>stay<\/span>\u00a0<span>long.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lucky<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>Masseria<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>left<\/span>\u00a0<span>in the<\/span><span>restaurant<\/span>\u00a0<span>playing<\/span>\u00a0<span>cards.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Charlie<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lucky<\/span>\u00a0<span>went<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>men&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>room,<\/span>\u00a0<span>four<\/span>\u00a0<span>gunman<\/span>\u00a0<span>came<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span><span>riddled<\/span>\u00a0<span>Masseria<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>death.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>four<\/span>\u00a0<span>gunman<\/span>\u00a0<span>are<\/span>\u00a0<span>Vito<\/span>\u00a0<span>Genovese,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Joe<\/span><span>Adonis,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Albert<\/span>\u00a0<span>Anatasia,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>Bugsy<\/span>\u00a0<span>Siegel.<\/span>\u00a0<span>To<\/span><span>end<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Castellammarese<\/span>\u00a0<span>War,<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>hit<\/span><span>Masseria.<\/span>\u00a0<span>So<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>betrayed<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span>\u00a0<span>own<\/span>\u00a0<span>boss.<\/span>\u00a0<span>After<\/span><span>that,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Salvatore<\/span>\u00a0<span>Maranzano<\/span>\u00a0<span>declared<\/span>\u00a0<span>himself<\/span><span>boss<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>bosses.<\/span>\u00a0<span>&#8220;Capo<\/span>\u00a0<span>Di<\/span>\u00a0<span>Tutti<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capi&#8221;<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span><span>laid<\/span>\u00a0<span>down<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>families<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>whole<\/span>\u00a0<span>network<\/span><span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>going<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>charge<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>families.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Maranzano<\/span>\u00a0<span>set<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>five<\/span>\u00a0<span>crime<\/span>\u00a0<span>families<\/span>\u00a0<span>under<\/span>\u00a0<span>him,<\/span><span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>Maranzano<\/span>\u00a0<span>new<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>if<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>remain<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>boss<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>bosses,<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>have<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>eliminate<\/span><span>some<\/span>\u00a0<span>rivals.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Top<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>list,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>man<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span><span>recently<\/span>\u00a0<span>made<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>second<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>command,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lucky<\/span><span>Luciano.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Although<\/span>\u00a0<span>both<\/span>\u00a0<span>Sicilian,<\/span>\u00a0<span>there<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>huge<\/span>\u00a0<span>gulf<\/span><span>between<\/span>\u00a0<span>Salvatore<\/span>\u00a0<span>Maranzano<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lucky<\/span><span>Luciano.<\/span>\u00a0<span>To<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lucky,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Maranzano&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>old<\/span>\u00a0<span>world<\/span>\u00a0<span>airs<\/span><span>where<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>nonsense.<\/span>\u00a0<span>What<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>meaning<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span><span>Lucky<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>making<\/span>\u00a0<span>money,<\/span>\u00a0<span>doing<\/span>\u00a0<span>business.<\/span><span>Maranzano<\/span>\u00a0<span>didn&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>want<\/span>\u00a0<span>anything<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>do<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span><span>Jews.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lucky&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>closest<\/span>\u00a0<span>ally<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>Meyer<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lansky,<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>Jew.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lucky<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>tipped<\/span>\u00a0<span>off<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>hired<\/span>\u00a0<span>five<\/span>\u00a0<span>killers.<\/span><span>Posing<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>IRS<\/span>\u00a0<span>men,<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>arrived<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>Maranzano&#8217;s<\/span><span>Park<\/span>\u00a0<span>Avenue<\/span>\u00a0<span>office.<\/span>\u00a0<span>For<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>first<\/span>\u00a0<span>time,<\/span><span>Maranzano<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>no<\/span>\u00a0<span>bodyguards.<\/span>\u00a0<span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>killers<\/span><span>stabbed<\/span>\u00a0<span>him<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>pumped<\/span>\u00a0<span>lead<\/span>\u00a0<span>into<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>body.<\/span><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>boss<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>bosses<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>dead.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>bosses<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>each<\/span>\u00a0<span>family<\/span>\u00a0<span>agreed<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>cooperate<\/span><span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>other<\/span>\u00a0<span>ethnic<\/span>\u00a0<span>organized<\/span>\u00a0<span>crime<\/span>\u00a0<span>groups,<\/span>\u00a0<span>such<\/span><span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lucky<\/span>\u00a0<span>Burkholder,<\/span>\u00a0<span>Meyer<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lansky<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>Bugsy<\/span><span>Seigel.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>friendship<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>Meyer<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lansky<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>Charlie<\/span><span>Lucky<\/span>\u00a0<span>Luciano,<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>New<\/span>\u00a0<span>York,<\/span>\u00a0<span>becomes<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span><span>prototype<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>very<\/span>\u00a0<span>important<\/span>\u00a0<span>connection<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>future<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>organized<\/span>\u00a0<span>crime.<\/span>\u00a0<span>After<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Italians<\/span><span>takeover<\/span>\u00a0<span>organized<\/span>\u00a0<span>crime<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>1930s,<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>classic<\/span><span>pattern<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>head<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>family,<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>given<\/span><span>city,<\/span>\u00a0<span>has<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>his<\/span>\u00a0<span>right<\/span>\u00a0<span>hand,<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>Jewish<\/span>\u00a0<span>advisor.<\/span><span>Lansky&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>prototype<\/span>\u00a0<span>but<\/span>\u00a0<span>there<\/span>\u00a0<span>are<\/span>\u00a0<span>many<\/span><span>examples.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Jake<\/span>\u00a0<span>Guzik<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>Chicago<\/span>\u00a0<span>performs<\/span>\u00a0<span>these<\/span><span>functions<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>Capone.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Lansky<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>Siegel<\/span>\u00a0<span>started<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span>\u00a0<span>organization<\/span><span>called<\/span>\u00a0<span>Murder<\/span>\u00a0<span>Incorporated,<\/span>\u00a0<span>sometimes<\/span>\u00a0<span>known<\/span><span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>La<\/span>\u00a0<span>Kosher<\/span>\u00a0<span>Nostra.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Murder<\/span>\u00a0<span>Incorporated<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span>\u00a0<span>execution<\/span>\u00a0<span>squad.<\/span>\u00a0<span>It<\/span><span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>permanently<\/span>\u00a0<span>on-call<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>be<\/span>\u00a0<span>dispatched<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>various<\/span>\u00a0<span>parts<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>country<\/span>\u00a0<span>for<\/span>\u00a0<span>any<\/span>\u00a0<span>members<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span><span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>syndicate<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>wanted<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>use<\/span>\u00a0<span>its<\/span>\u00a0<span>services.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>These<\/span>\u00a0<span>people&#8211;<\/span>\u00a0<span>You<\/span>\u00a0<span>know<\/span>\u00a0<span>there&#8217;s many<\/span>\u00a0<span>people<\/span><span>who<\/span>\u00a0<span>believe<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>anybody<\/span>\u00a0<span>could have<\/span>\u00a0<span>went<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span><span>Murder<\/span>\u00a0<span>Incorporated<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>have<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span>\u00a0<span>wife<\/span><span>assassinated<\/span>\u00a0<span>or<\/span>\u00a0<span>whatever<\/span>\u00a0<span>for a<\/span>\u00a0<span>fee.<\/span>\u00a0<span>This<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span><span>totally<\/span>\u00a0<span>wrong.<\/span>\u00a0<span>They<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>only<\/span>\u00a0<span>available<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span><span>killers<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>underworld.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Any<\/span>\u00a0<span>gang<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>nation<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>any<\/span>\u00a0<span>power<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>underworld<\/span><span>could<\/span>\u00a0<span>use<\/span>\u00a0<span>their<\/span>\u00a0<span>services.<\/span>\u00a0<span>And<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>best<\/span>\u00a0<span>part<\/span><span>about<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>is,<\/span>\u00a0<span>when<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>did<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>hit,<\/span>\u00a0<span>they<\/span>\u00a0<span>didn&#8217;t<\/span><span>have<\/span>\u00a0<span>no<\/span>\u00a0<span>connection<\/span>\u00a0<span>with<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>victim<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>all.<\/span>\u00a0<span>They<\/span><span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>come in<\/span>\u00a0<span>from<\/span>\u00a0<span>another<\/span>\u00a0<span>town,<\/span>\u00a0<span>somebody<\/span><span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>finger<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>victim.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>do<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>job<\/span><span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>hightail<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>out<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>town,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and that<\/span>\u00a0<span>was it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>But<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia<\/span>\u00a0<span>wasn&#8217;t<\/span>\u00a0<span>all<\/span>\u00a0<span>murder.<\/span>\u00a0<span>Luciano<\/span>\u00a0<span>saw<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span><span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>business.<\/span>\u00a0<span>In<\/span>\u00a0<span>1931,<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>set<\/span>\u00a0<span>up<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span><span>Commission<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>nationwide<\/span>\u00a0<span>board<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>directors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Luciano<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>known<\/span>\u00a0<span>as<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>man<\/span>\u00a0<span>who<\/span><span>Americanized<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia.<\/span>\u00a0<span>What&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>usually<\/span>\u00a0<span>meant<\/span><span>by<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>is<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>eliminated<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>lot<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>these<\/span>\u00a0<span>old<\/span><span>superstitions,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>taboos,<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>prejudices.<\/span>\u00a0<span>He<\/span><span>made<\/span>\u00a0<span>it<\/span>\u00a0<span>less<\/span>\u00a0<span>clannish<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>more<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>an<\/span>\u00a0<span>active<\/span><span>business<\/span>\u00a0<span>involved<\/span>\u00a0<span>in<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>work<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>making<\/span>\u00a0<span>money<\/span><span>illegally.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The<\/span>\u00a0<span>old<\/span>\u00a0<span>ways<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>the old<\/span>\u00a0<span>leaders<\/span>\u00a0<span>were<\/span>\u00a0<span>finally<\/span><span>dead<\/span>\u00a0<span>and<\/span>\u00a0<span>Charles<\/span>\u00a0<span>Lucky<\/span>\u00a0<span>Luciano<\/span>\u00a0<span>was<\/span>\u00a0<span>at<\/span>\u00a0<span>last,<\/span><span>king.<\/span>\u00a0<span>By<\/span>\u00a0<span>1933,<\/span>\u00a0<span>he<\/span>\u00a0<span>had<\/span>\u00a0<span>transformed<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>Mafia<\/span><span>into<\/span>\u00a0<span>a<\/span>\u00a0<span>fearsome,<\/span>\u00a0<span>money<\/span>\u00a0<span>making<\/span>\u00a0<span>machine.<\/span>\u00a0<span>A<\/span><span>national<\/span>\u00a0<span>syndicate<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>would<\/span>\u00a0<span>one<\/span>\u00a0<span>day<\/span>\u00a0<span>do<\/span><span>business<\/span>\u00a0<span>equal<\/span>\u00a0<span>to<\/span>\u00a0<span>that<\/span>\u00a0<span>of<\/span>\u00a0<span>the<\/span>\u00a0<span>nation&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span>10<\/span>\u00a0<span>largest<\/span><span>industrial<\/span>\u00a0<span>corporations<\/span>\u00a0<span>combined.<\/span>\u00a0<span>I&#8217;m<\/span>\u00a0<span>Bill<\/span><span>Kurtis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Write 150 words with apa format and need to reference and cite.\u00a0 \u00a0 Why is the Prohibition Era the main event for Organized Crime? \u00a0What\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10601,10596,10882,479,537,172,478,10597,10599,10595],"tags":[10524,10522,10890,10561,10883,10889,10515,10521,10696,10518,10888,10887,10886,10885,10884,10525],"class_list":["post-125597","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-assignment-help-by-uks-no-1-writing-service","category-assignment-writers-canada-university-cost","category-free-ai-english-assignment-writers-china","category-nursing-course-hero","category-nursing-essay-pro","category-nursing-study-bay","category-nursing-study-pool","category-professional-assignment-writers-usa","category-uae-1-cheap-assignment-writing-service","category-write-a-word-essay","tag-apa-citation-format-assignment","tag-assignment-writers-australia-college-student","tag-best-nursing-case-study-writing-services","tag-buy-essay-usa","tag-case-study-nursing-writing-services-for-care-plans","tag-free-nursing-case-study-writing-services","tag-help-write-a-page-assignment","tag-i-need-someone-to-do-my-assignment-within-hours","tag-need-assistance-completing-the-assignment","tag-need-to-write-an-essay","tag-nursing-case-studies-with-answers","tag-nursing-case-study-paper-example","tag-nursing-case-study-template-examples-of-case-studies-nursing","tag-pharmacology-case-study","tag-soap-note-case-study","tag-write-pages"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125597","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=125597"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125597\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=125597"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=125597"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=125597"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}