<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Read case 1. And answer the following questions.<\/strong><\/p>\n Case 1. Assessment of Intellectual Disability and<\/strong><\/p>\n Capital Punishment: A Question of Human Rights?<\/strong><\/p>\n Dr. Eduardo Romaro, a clinically trained forensic psychologist, was retained by the<\/p>\n prosecution to evaluate the intellectual competence of John Stone, a 50-year-old<\/p>\n man convicted of first-degree murder of a guard during a bank robbery. John had<\/p>\n claimed he was innocent throughout the trial. In the state in which the trial was<\/p>\n conducted, individuals convicted of such an offense face the death penalty. John\u2019s<\/p>\n attorney challenged the death penalty option for his client, claiming that the defendant<\/p>\n is intellectually disabled. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Atkins v. Virginia<\/em><\/p>\n (2002) that the execution of those with intellectual disability (formerly known as<\/p>\n mental retardation) is unconstitutional. Dr. Romaro had worked with the prosecution<\/p>\n before on intellectual disability cases, but this is the first time he had been<\/p>\n retained for a capital punishment case. He is personally ambivalent about whether<\/p>\n states should implement the death penalty.<\/p>\n The psychologist meets John in a private room in the prison and administers a<\/p>\n battery of intellectual and adaptive behavior tests with proven psychometric validity<\/p>\n for determining forensically relevant intellectual ability. Just as he ends the formal<\/p>\n test administration, John becomes distraught and appears to be experiencing<\/p>\n an anxiety attack. In his distress the psychologist hears the prisoner repeatedly<\/p>\n asking God for forgiveness for killing the guard and for murdering another person,<\/p>\n who he keeps calling \u201cthe boy waiting for the bus.\u201d The psychologist shifts into an<\/p>\n emergency crisis intervention mode to help calm the defendant and rings for Helpance.<\/p>\n Dr. Romaro was shocked to hear John \u201cconfess\u201d not only to the bank murder<\/p>\n but also to the murder of a \u201cboy waiting for a bus.\u201d<\/p>\n The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders<\/em>, fourth edition<\/p>\n (DSM-IV-TR<\/em>) diagnosis of intellectual disability (currently termed \u201cmental retardation<\/p>\n developmental disability\u201d) requires that individuals demonstrate significantly<\/p>\n sub-average intellectual functioning, impairments in adaptive functioning,<\/p>\n and onset before 18 years of age<\/em>. Similarly, the state standard for intellectual disability<\/p>\n includes a developmental history of intellectual impairment. Prior to testing,<\/p>\n Appendix B\u2014\u2014355<\/strong><\/p>\n Dr. Romaro had asked the prosecutor for all available childhood mental health or<\/p>\n school records to determine if John meets these criteria. No formal educational<\/p>\n or psychological Assessments were included in the materials he received. The<\/p>\n records indicated that John had a poor academic record, was retained in fifth<\/p>\n grade, was suspended several times for coming to school drunk, and had left<\/p>\n school when he was 15. State criteria also include an IQ score less than 70 and<\/p>\n poor adaptive skills.<\/p>\n That evening Dr. Romaro scores the test battery. John\u2019s IQ score is 71, his performance<\/p>\n on other cognitive tests fell close to the intellectual disability cutoff score<\/p>\n (some above, some below). His adaptive functioning score is a standard deviation<\/p>\n below average. However, given the prisoner\u2019s age, without a more detailed set of<\/p>\n childhood records, it is difficult to clearly conclude that he meets the DSM-IV-TR<\/em><\/p>\n or state legal criteria for intellectual disability. Dr. Romaro had not been asked to<\/p>\n administer assessments for mood, schizophrenia, or other psychotic disorders that<\/p>\n might impair intellectual and adaptive performance.<\/p>\n Ethical Dilemma<\/strong><\/p>\n Dr. Romaro is not sure what forensic opinion to give regarding whether or not<\/p>\n John meets the legal criteria for intellectual disability. Without evidence of intellectual<\/p>\n disability in his youth, a diagnosis of intellectual disability may not be possible<\/p>\n and, thus, could not be used to support John\u2019s death penalty appeal. He is also<\/p>\n unsure whether he has an ethical responsibility to include in his report John\u2019s<\/p>\n \u201cconfession\u201d or John\u2019s statement about the \u201cboy waiting for a bus.\u201d<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n Respond to the following questions in 1,250 to 1,500 words.<\/p>\n 1. Why is this an ethical dilemma? Which APA Ethical Principles help frame the nature of the dilemma?\u00a0<\/p>\n 2. How might Dr. Romaro\u2019s ambivalence toward the death penalty influence his decision to offer a forensic diagnosis of intellectual disability? How might John\u2019s \u201cconfession\u201d or his comment about the \u201cboy waiting for the bus\u201d influence the decision? To what extent should these factors play a role in Dr. Romaro\u2019s report?<\/p>\n 3. How are APA Ethical Standards 2.0f, 3.06, 4.04, 4.05, 5.01, 9.01a and 9.06 relevant to this case? Which other standards might apply?<\/p>\n 4. What steps should Dr. Romaro take to ethically implement his decision and monitor its effect?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u00a0 Read case 1. And answer the following questions. Case 1. Assessment of Intellectual Disability and Capital Punishment: A Question of Human Rights? Dr. Eduardo\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10601,10596,10882,479,537,172,478,10597,10599,10595],"tags":[10524,10522,10890,10561,10883,10889,10515,10521,10696,10518,10888,10887,10886,10885,10884,10525],"class_list":["post-125795","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-assignment-help-by-uks-no-1-writing-service","category-assignment-writers-canada-university-cost","category-free-ai-english-assignment-writers-china","category-nursing-course-hero","category-nursing-essay-pro","category-nursing-study-bay","category-nursing-study-pool","category-professional-assignment-writers-usa","category-uae-1-cheap-assignment-writing-service","category-write-a-word-essay","tag-apa-citation-format-assignment","tag-assignment-writers-australia-college-student","tag-best-nursing-case-study-writing-services","tag-buy-essay-usa","tag-case-study-nursing-writing-services-for-care-plans","tag-free-nursing-case-study-writing-services","tag-help-write-a-page-assignment","tag-i-need-someone-to-do-my-assignment-within-hours","tag-need-assistance-completing-the-assignment","tag-need-to-write-an-essay","tag-nursing-case-studies-with-answers","tag-nursing-case-study-paper-example","tag-nursing-case-study-template-examples-of-case-studies-nursing","tag-pharmacology-case-study","tag-soap-note-case-study","tag-write-pages"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125795","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=125795"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125795\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=125795"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=125795"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=125795"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}