Question 1.1. (TCOs 1, 2) Participants in research early in
\npsychology\u00e2\u0080\u0099s history might have been asked to view a chair and describe its
\ncolor, shape, texture, and other aspects of their conscious experience. These
\nindividuals would have been using a method called (Points : 2)
\n hypnosis.
\n objective introspection.
\n psychosurgery.
\n psychoanalysis.<\/p>\n
Question 2.2. (TCO 4) The administration of Midwest State
\nUniversity wants to know if the arrangement of chairs affects student
\nparticipation in classrooms. What would be a good operational definition of the
\ndependent variable in an experiment designed to measure this relationship?
\n(Points : 2)
\n Class size:
\nunder 50 or over 50
\n Number of
\nstudents enrolled in each class
\n Chair
\narrangement: theater style or circular
\n Frequency with which students
\nask questions<\/p>\n
Question 3.3. (TCOs 2, 3) Phineas Gage tragically had a
\ntamping iron propelled through his head. Both left and right sides of the
\nprefrontal cortex were severely damaged. As a result of the accident, Phineas
\nGage (Points : 2)
\n died from his
\ninjuries.
\n suffered loss of
\nhis arms and legs.
\n lost his sense
\nof hearing.
\n suffered a change in
\npersonality. <\/p>\n
Question 4.4. (TCOs 2, 3)
\nWhat do we call the state of a neuron when it is not firing a neural
\nimpulse? (Points : 2)
\n Action
\npotential
\n Resting potential
\n Myelination
\nsignal
\n Transmission
\nimpulse<\/p>\n
Question 5.5. (TCOs 2, 3)
\n_____ synapses make it more likely that a neuron will send its message
\nto other neurons, whereas _____ synapses make it less likely that a neuron will
\nsend its message. (Points : 2)
\n Excitatory; inhibitory
\n Inhibitory;
\nexcitatory
\n Augmentation;
\ndepletion
\n Depletion;
\naugmentation<\/p>\n
Question 6.6. (TCO 4) Jamie, a toddler, is making
\ndistinctions about various aspects of color in terms of whether it looks red,
\nblue, and so forth. In doing so, she is referring to its (Points : 2)
\n amplitude.
\n lightness.
\n hue.
\n reflection.<\/p>\n
Question 7.7. ( TCO 4)
\nWhat are the five primary tastes? (Points : 2)
\n Hot, sour,
\nspicy, sweet, origami
\n Salty, sour, spicy, sweet, tart
\n Bitter, salty,
\nsour, sweet, umami
\n Peppery, salty,
\nsour, sweet, acidic<\/p>\n
Question 8.8. (TCO 4) Perception is the (Points : 2)
\n process by which people take all
\nthe sensations they experience at any given moment and interpret them in some
\nmeaningful fashion.
\n action of
\nphysical stimuli on receptors leading to sensations.
\n interpretation of memory based on selective
\nattention.
\n act of
\nselective attention from sensory storage.<\/p>\n
Question 9.9. (TCO 5) Sid is taking part in research on the
\neffects of sleep deprivation; he has been without sleep for 75 hours. Right
\nnow, researchers have asked him to sit in front of a computer screen and hit a
\nbutton each time he sees the letter S on the screen. A few days ago, Sid was a
\nwhiz at this task; however, he is doing very poorly today. How are sleep
\nresearchers likely to explain Sid\u00e2\u0080\u0099s poor performance? (Points : 2)
\n Due to the
\nsleep deprivation, Sid does not understand the task.
\n Microsleeps are occurring due to
\nthe sleep deprivation and he is asleep for brief periods of time.
\n He is
\ndetermined to ruin the research because of the suffering he is enduring at the
\nhands of the researchers.
\n He is probably
\ndreaming that he is somewhere else and has no interest in responding to the
\n\u00e2\u0080\u009chere and now.\u00e2\u0080\u009d<\/p>\n
Question 10.10. (TCO 5) After taking a drug for several
\nyears, Bruce decides to quit taking it. He begins to experience a variety of
\nphysical symptoms, psychological symptoms such as irritability, and a strong
\ncraving for the substance. What term is used to describe what Bruce is
\nexperiencing? (Points : 2)
\n Tolerance
\n Physical
\ndependence
\n Withdrawal
\n Drug
\nintoxication<\/p>\n
Question 11.11. (TCO 5) A client tells his therapist about a
\ndream in which he drives his wife to the airport where she boards a plane. As
\nthe plane takes off, he is smiling. The therapist says the dream suggests a
\ndesire for a divorce. The therapist\u00e2\u0080\u0099s interpretation represents what Sigmund
\nFreud called the dream\u00e2\u0080\u0099s ________. (Points : 2)
\n deep content
\n latent content
\n manifest
\ncontent
\n subliminal
\ncontent<\/p>\n
Question 12.12. (TCOs 7, 8)
\nSue noticed that whenever she opened the door to the pantry, her dog
\nwould come into the kitchen and act hungry by drooling and whining. She thought
\nthat because the dog food was stored in the pantry, the sound of the door had
\nbecome a(n) (Points : 2)
\n unconditioned
\nstimulus.
\n conditioned stimulus.
\n unconditioned
\nresponse.
\n conditioned
\nresponse.<\/p>\n
Question 13.13. (TCOs 7, 8)
\nMark and Kathy take their 2-year-old son to the supermarket every
\nSaturday. Each week, the same sequence of events unfolds: Their son screams,
\ndemanding that they buy him treats. Although they refuse to give in to his
\ndemands, he continues to scream. Finally, either Mark or Kathy gets in their
\nson\u00e2\u0080\u0099s face and yells at the top of their lungs \u00e2\u0080\u009cShut up!\u00e2\u0080\u009d He stops screaming
\ninstantly. What operant conditioning concepts are illustrated in this story?
\n(Points : 2)
\n The parents are
\nusing negative reinforcement to increase their son\u00e2\u0080\u0099s screaming.
\n The parents are
\nin a very dysfunctional marriage; their child\u00e2\u0080\u0099s screaming is his way of trying
\nto get his parents to remain married.
\n The parents are using punishment
\nto suppress the screaming; their use of punishment is negatively reinforced by
\nthe cessation of screaming.
\n Their son
\nprobably learned how to scream by observing his parents at home and now he is
\nreinforced on a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement.<\/p>\n
Page 2<\/p>\n
Question 1.1. (TCOs 7, 8) For observational learning to
\noccur, each of the following must happen EXCEPT (Points : 2)
\n paying
\nattention to what the model does.
\n remembering
\nwhat the model did.
\n doing what the
\nmodel did.
\n being reinforced for imitating
\nthe model.<\/p>\n
Question 2.2. (TCO 7) A display of 12 letters is flashed on
\na screen in front of you followed by a tone. You attempt to recall a portion of
\nthe display based on the specific tone you heard. What aspect of your memory is
\nthis experiment designed to assess? (Points : 2)
\n Primary memory
\n Sensory memory
\n Long-term
\nmemory
\n Short-term
\nmemory<\/p>\n
Question 3.3. (TCO 7) Adrianna is trying to memorize the
\nnames of the bones in the hand. She had gone through a list of them when her
\nphone rang. After she gets off the phone, she is MOST likely to remember the
\nfirst few bone names because of the (Points : 2)
\n elaboration
\neffect.
\n recency effect.
\n primacy effect.
\n maintenance
\neffect.<\/p>\n
Question 4.4. (TCO 7)
\nWhich of the following pairings would result in the best overall memory?
\n(Points : 2)
\n Sad during
\nlearning and happy at recall
\n Happy during
\nlearning and sad during recall
\n Serious during learning and
\nserious during recall
\n Intoxicated
\nduring learning and sober during recall<\/p>\n
Question 5.5. (TCO 8)
\nSally is enrolled in a high school geometry course, which she describes
\nas \u00e2\u0080\u009cdrawing figures and figuring drawings.\u00e2\u0080\u009d In a typical class, students draw
\ngeometric figures and use a formula to calculate an aspect of the figure, such
\nas its area. Each time Sally uses a formula, she is making use of what
\npsychologists call (Points : 2)
\n heuristics.
\n logarithms.
\n algorithms.
\n convergence.<\/p>\n
Question 6.6. (TCO 8)
\nWhich of the following statements about gifted people is true? (Points :
\n2)
\n They are more
\nlikely to suffer from mental illnesses.
\n They are
\nphysically weaker than nongifted persons.
\n They are often skilled leaders.
\n They are socially
\nunskilled.<\/p>\n
Question 7.7. (TCO 9)
\nMonica put all her time and energy into getting into the acting club
\nbecause her main goal in life \u00e2\u0080\u009cwas to be a famous star!\u00e2\u0080\u009d Monica\u00e2\u0080\u0099s drive to be
\nfamous was a(n) _____ drive. (Points : 2)
\n primary
\n reflexive
\n acquired
\n tertiary<\/p>\n
Question 8.8. (TCO 9)
\nGlenn believes he can learn from his mistakes and that study and
\nperseverance will help him improve his intelligence. According to Dweck, what
\nlocus of control does Glenn have? (Points : 2)
\n Internal locus of control
\n Decremental
\n Incidental
\n External locus
\nof control<\/p>\n
Question 9.9. (TCO 9)
\nYou are walking in the forest and see a bear. According to the
\nCannon-Bard theory, what happens next? (Points : 2)
\n You experience
\nphysiological changes followed by fear.
\n You feel fear
\nfollowed by physiological changes.
\n You experience physiological
\nchanges and a feeling of fear simultaneously.
\n You experience
\nphysiological changes and context appraisal followed by fear.<\/p>\n
Question 10.10. (TCO 11)
\nCarolyn took home some printer paper from the office. Later, she felt
\nguilty for stealing it, so she brought some paper to work to replace what she
\ntook. Freud would suggest that Carolyn\u00e2\u0080\u0099s _____ was influencing her motives and
\nbehavior. (Points : 2)
\n id
\n unconscious
\nmind
\n ego
\n superego<\/p>\n
Question 11.11. (TCO 11)
\nRuth-Ann just graduated from high school; she is trying out for the
\nsoccer team at the college that she will attend in the fall. She knows that it
\nwill be more competitive than her high school team, but she believes in her
\nability to succeed and plans to practice all summer. Bandura would say that
\nRuth might have an edge over some competitors simply because she has (Points :
\n2)
\n high self-efficacy.<\/p>\n
self-actualization.
\n set aside the
\ntime to practice.
\n an external
\nlocus of control.<\/p>\n
Question 12.12. (TCO 11)
\nTravis is a participant in the X-Games every year, which features events
\nthat are high-flying and exhilarating to watch or participate in, but also very
\ndangerous to the competitors. Because Travis is willing to take chances with
\nhis health to get the adrenaline rush from these sorts of events, Cost and
\nMcCrae would argue that he ranks high on which of the five factors? (Points :
\n2)
\n Openness
\n Neuroticism<\/p>\n
Conscientiousness
\n Extraversion
\nPage 3
\nQuestion 1. 1. (TCOs
\n2, 3, 4) Describe how sound waves become
\nnerve impulses as they enter the ear. How are the important characteristics of
\nsound coded? (Points : 10)<\/p>\n
Question 2. 2. (TCOs
\n5, 7) What are the main differences between physical dependence and
\npsychological dependence? Give examples of both types of dependence. (Points :
\n10)<\/p>\n
Question 3. 3. (TCOs
\n7, 8) What is the definition of language? What is the evidence, pro and con, as
\nto whether nonhuman animals have a capacity for language? (Points : 10)<\/p>\n
Question 4. 4. (TCOs
\n9, 11) Take three theories of emotion and apply them to one emotional event in
\nyour life. Be specific about the event and make clear connections to the
\ntheoretical assumptions. (Points : 10)<\/p>\n
Question 5. 5. (TCOs
\n7, 8) Define learning. Given this definition, what types of behaviors would not
\nbe considered learning? How does the concept of instinctive drift relate to
\nthese examples? What types of behaviors would be included? (Points : 10)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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