\u00a0
\nCase Study 3 & 4 (10 Points) Due 06\/29\/2019
\nStudents much review the case study and answer all questions with a scholarly response using APA and include 2 scholarly references. Answer both case studies on the same document and upload 1 document to Moodle.<\/p>\n
\u00a0Case Study 3 & 4 S\u00a0Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Urinary Obstruction\u00a0
\nCase Studies will be uploaded to Moodle and put through TURN-It-In (anti-Plagiarism program)
\nTurn it in Score must be less than 50% or will not be accepted for credit, must be your own work and in your own words. You can resubmit, Final submission will be accepted if less than 50%. Copy paste from websites or textbooks will not be accepted or tolerated. Please see College Handbook with reference to Academic Misconduct Statement.<\/p>\n
Late Assignment Policy
\nAssignments turned in late will have 1 point taken off for every day assignment is late, after 7 days assignment will get grade of 0. No exceptions\u00a0<\/p>\n
Urinary Obstruction
\nCase Studies
\nThe 57-year-old patient noted urinary hesitancy and a decrease in the force of his urinary stream for several months. Both had progressively become worse. His physical examination was essentially negative except for an enlarged prostate, which was bulky and soft.
\nStudies
\nResults
\nRoutine laboratory studies
\nWithin normal limits (WNL)
\nIntravenous pyelogram (IVP)
\nMild indentation of the interior aspect of the bladder, indicating an enlarged prostate
\nUroflowmetry with total voided flow of 225 mL
\n8 mL\/sec (normal: >12 mL\/sec)
\nCystometry
\nResting bladder pressure: 35 cm H2O (normal: <40 cm H2O)
\nPeak bladder pressure: 50 cm H2O (normal: 40-90 cm H2O)
\nElectromyography of the pelvic sphincter muscle
\nNormal resting bladder with a positive tonus limb
\nCystoscopy
\nBenign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
\nProstatic acid phosphatase (PAP)
\n0.5 units\/L (normal: 0.11-0.60 units\/L)
\nProstate specific antigen (PSA)
\n1.0 ng\/mL (normal: <4 ng\/mL)
\nProstate ultrasound
\nDiffusely enlarged prostate; no localized tumor
\nDiagnostic Analysis
\nBecause of the patient\u2019s symptoms, bladder outlet obstruction was highly suspected. Physical examination indicated an enlarged prostate. IVP studies corroborated that finding. The reduced urine flow rate indicated an obstruction distal to the urinary bladder. Because the patient was found to have a normal total voided volume, one could not say that the reduced flow rate was the result of an inadequately distended bladder. Rather, the bladder was appropriately distended, yet the flow rate was decreased. This indicated outlet obstruction. The cystogram indicated that the bladder was capable of mounting an effective pressure and was not an atonic bladder compatible with neurologic disease. The tonus limb again indicated the bladder was able to contract. The peak bladder pressure of 50 cm H2O was normal, again indicating appropriate muscular function of the bladder. Based on these studies, the patient was diagnosed with a urinary outlet obstruction. The PAP and PSA indicated benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). The ultrasound supported that diagnosis. Cystoscopy documented that finding, and the patient was appropriately treated by transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). This patient did well postoperatively and had no major problems.
\nCritical Thinking Questions
\n1. Does BPH predispose this patient to cancer?
\n2. Why are patients with BPH at increased risk for urinary tract infections?
\n3. What would you expect the patient\u2019s PSA level to be after surgery?
\n4. What is the recommended screening guidelines and treatment for BPH?
\n5. What are some alternative treatments \/ natural homeopathic options for treatmen<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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