1. Which of the following patients who presented to a walk-in
\nmedical clinic is most likely to be diagnosed with a rhinosinusitis rather than
\na common cold?
\n(Points : 3)
\nA man complaining of general
\nfatigue, a headache, and facial pain with a temperature of 100.9\u00c2\u00b0F
\nA woman presenting with
\nmalaise, lethargy, and copious nasal secretions
\nA man with a dry, stuffy
\nnasopharynx, a sore throat, and temperature of 98.9\u00c2\u00b0F
\nA woman complaining of
\ngeneralized aches who has a hoarse voice and reddened, painful upper airways
\nQuestion 2.2. A 44-year-old
\nwoman developed calf pain during a transatlantic flight followed by acute
\nshortness of breath upon arrival at her destination. She was subsequently
\ndiagnosed with a pulmonary embolism (PE), which resolved with anticoagulant
\ntherapy. Which of these statements best characterizes the underlying problem of
\nher PE? (Points : 3)
\nShe was short of breath
\nbecause ventilation was occurring but perfusion was inadequate.
\nThe combination of normal
\nperfusion but compromised ventilation caused hypoxia.
\nShe developed a transient
\nanatomic shunt resulting in impaired oxygenation.
\nImpaired gas diffusion across
\nalveolar membranes resulted in dyspnea and hypoxia.
\nQuestion 3.3. A premature
\ninfant on mechanical ventilation has developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
\nand is showing signs and symptoms of hypoxemia, low lung compliance, and
\nrespiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Which of the following is the most likely
\ncontributor to the infant’s present health problem? (Points : 3)
\nHigh inspired oxygen
\nconcentration and injury from positive-pressure ventilation
\nFailure to administer
\ncorticosteroids to the infant in utero
\nInsufficient surfactant
\nproduction and insufficient surfactant therapy
\nInsufficient supplemental
\noxygen therapy
\nQuestion 4.4. Which of the
\nfollowing residents of a long-term care facility is most likely to be
\nexhibiting the signs and symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
\n(COPD)? (Points : 3)
\nA 79-year-old lifetime smoker
\nwho is complaining of shortness of breath and pain on deep inspiration
\nAn 81-year-old smoker who has
\nincreased exercise intolerance, a fever, and increased white blood cells
\nAn 81-year-old male who has a
\nproductive cough and recurrent respiratory infections
\nAn 88-year-old female who
\nexperiences acute shortness of breath and airway constriction when exposed to
\ntobacco smoke
\nQuestion 5.5. A 66-year-old
\nmale presents to the emergency department accompanied by his wife who claims
\nthat he has been acting confused. The man is complaining of a sudden onset of
\nsevere weakness and malaise and has a dry cough and diarrhea. His temperature
\nis 102.8\u00c2\u00b0F and his blood work indicates his sodium level is 126 mEq\/L (normal
\nis 135 to 145 mEq\/L). What will be the assessing nurse practitioner’s most
\nlikely suspicion? (Points : 3)
\nBronchopneumonia
\nMycoplasma pneumonia
\nLegionnaire disease
\nPneumococcal pneumonia
\nQuestion 6.6. A 51-year-old
\nfemale patient who is 2 days postoperative on a surgical unit of a hospital is
\nat risk for developing atelectasis as a result of being largely immobile. Which
\nof the following teaching points by her nurse practitioner is most appropriate?
\n(Points : 3)
\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cBeing in bed increases the
\nrisk of fluid accumulating between your lungs and their lining, so it’s important
\nfor you to change positions often.\u00e2\u0080\u009d
\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cYou should breathe deeply
\nand cough to help your lungs expand as much as possible while you’re in bed.\u00e2\u0080\u009d
\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cMake sure that you stay
\nhydrated and walk as soon as possible to avoid our having to insert a chest
\ntube.\u00e2\u0080\u009d
\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cI’ll prescribe
\nbronchodilator medications that will help open up your airways and allow more
\noxygen in.\u00e2\u0080\u009d
\nQuestion 7.7. Due to
\ncomplications, a male postoperative patient has been unable to mobilize for
\nseveral days following surgery and has developed atelectasis. Which of the
\nfollowing processes would his care team anticipate with relation to his health
\nproblem? (Points : 3)
\nVasodilation in the alveolar
\nvessels in the affected region of his lung
\nIncreased workload for the
\nleft side of the patient’s heart
\nIncreased blood flow to the
\narea of atelectasis
\nRedirection of blood flow
\naway from the lung regions that are hypoxic
\nQuestion 8.8. Which of the
\nfollowing clinical findings would be most closely associated with a patient who
\nhas interstitial lung disease rather than COPD? (Points : 3)
\nAudible wheezing on
\nexpiration
\nDiminished expiratory flow
\nrates
\nIncreased respiratory rate
\nwith decreased tidal volume
\nNormal compliance of alveolar
\ntissue
\nQuestion 9.9. A male lifetime
\nsmoker has died as a result of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Which of
\nthe following phenomena regarding his alveoli would his care team have most
\nreasonably expected in the weeks prior to his death?
\n(Points : 3)
\nProliferation of natural
\nkiller (NK) cells in the alveolar lumen
\nLarge numbers of alveolar
\nmacrophages in septal connective tissue
\nThe presence of tubercles in
\nthe intra-alveolar spaces
\nCompensatory regeneration of
\ntype I alveolar cells
\nQuestion 10.10. A 21-year-old
\nmale patient has suffered a head injury during a crash on his motorcycle, and a
\ndeficit that assessments have revealed is an impaired swallowing mechanism. He
\nhas also developed aspiration pneumonia. Which of the following statements most
\naccurately capture an aspect of his condition? (Points : 3)
\nHis oropharynx is obstructed.
\nHis epiglottis is covering
\nhis larynx
\nHis vocal folds have been
\ncompromised.
\nHis tracheobronchial tree is
\nintermittently obstructed.
\nQuestion 11.11. A short,
\nnonsmoking middle-aged man presents to the emergency department with left-sided
\nchest pain and a cough. He says that the pain started abruptly, just after
\nlunch, and that breathing and coughing make it worse. He denies recent injury.
\nHe is breathing shallowly and rapidly and expresses fear that he may be having
\na heart attack. Breath sounds are normal, and he is not cyanotic. Which
\ncondition is most likely causing his symptoms? (Points : 3)
\nMyocardial infarction
\nSpontaneous pneumothorax
\nPleuritis related to
\ninfection
\nObstructive atelectasis
\nQuestion 12.12. Which of the
\nfollowing statements best conveys an aspect of the respiratory pressures that
\ngovern ventilation? (Points : 3)
\nIntrapleural pressure
\nslightly exceeds that of the inflated lung
\nThe chest wall exerts
\npositive pressure on the lungs that contributes to expiration
\nThe lungs are prevented from
\ncollapsing by constant positive intrapulmonary pressure
\nNegative intrapleural
\npressure holds the lungs against the chest wall
\nQuestion 13.13. The mother of
\na 7-year-old boy who has recently been diagnosed with childhood asthma has come
\nto the education center to learn more about her son’s condition. Which of the
\nfollowing teaching points is most justifiable? (Points : 3)
\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cResearch has shown that
\nviruses may actually be a factor in many children’s asthma.\u00e2\u0080\u009d
\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cThe most reliable indicator
\nthat your child is having an asthma attack is audible wheezing.\u00e2\u0080\u009d
\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cSteroids that your child can
\ninhale will likely be the first line of defense.
\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cYour son will likely need to
\nlimit or avoid exercise and sports.\u00e2\u0080\u009d
\nQuestion 14.14. Which of the
\nfollowing phenomena is most likely occurring during a child’s alveolar stage of
\nlung development? (Points : 3)
\nTerminal alveolar sacs are
\ndeveloping and surfactant production is beginning.
\nA single-capillary network
\nexists and the lungs are capable of respiration.
\nThe conducting airways are
\nformed, but respiration is not yet possible.
\nPrimitive alveoli are formed
\nand the bronchi and bronchioles become much larger.
\nQuestion 15.15. A 71-year-old
\nwoman is dependent on oxygen therapy and bronchodilators due to her diagnosis
\nof emphysema. Which of the following processes would her care team be most
\njustified in ruling out? (Points : 3)
\nDecreased elastic recoil due
\nto alveolar damage
\nDecreased residual lung
\nvolume due to impaired alveolar ventilation
\nIncreased anatomic dead space
\ndue to reduced tidal volume
\nIncreased alveolar dead space
\ndue to incorrect intrapleural pressure
\nQuestion 16.16. A definitive
\ntest for cystic fibrosis is (Points : 3)
\nThe sweat test
\nA sputum culture
\nA fecal fat test
\nA Chymex test for pancreatic
\ninsufficiency
\nQuestion 17.17. A patient who
\npresented with shortness of breath and difficulty climbing stairs has been
\ndiagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis, a disease characterized by scarring of the
\nalveoli. What would her care team anticipate when observing her breathing?
\n(Points : 3)
\nRapid, deep breaths
\nWheezing breaths
\nShort, shallow breaths
\nPursed-lip breaths
\nQuestion 18.18. Which of the
\nfollowing patients are NOT displaying known risk factors for the development of
\npulmonary emboli?
\n(Points : 3)
\nA patient who is immobilized
\nfollowing orthopedic surgery
\nA patient who has impaired
\nCl\u00e2\u0080\u0093 and Na+ regulation
\nA patient who is taking
\namiodarone for the treatment of a cardiac arrhythmia
\nA patient who is a smoker and
\ntakes oral contraceptives
\nA patient who is undergoing
\nradiation therapy for the treatment of breast cancer
\nQuestion 19.19. Following a
\nwinter power outage, a patient who had been using a home gasoline generator
\nbegan to experience dizziness and headaches and was diagnosed with carbon
\nmonoxide poisoning. What is the goal of hyperbaric oxygen treatment for carbon
\nmonoxide poisoning? (Points : 3)
\nTo increase the amount of
\noxygen dissolved in plasma
\nTo increase the production of
\nunbound hemoglobin
\nTo stimulate the release of
\noxygen at the capillaries
\nTo remove bound CO from
\nhemoglobin
\nQuestion 20.20. A nurse
\npractitioner is performing patient teaching about the influenza virus with each
\npatient who has come to the clinic to receive that year’s vaccine. Which of the
\nfollowing statements by patients best reflects an accurate understanding of the
\nflu virus? (Points : 3)
\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cI could come down with viral
\nor bacterial pneumonia as a result of a bad flu bug.\u00e2\u0080\u009d
\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cI know my vaccination is especially
\nimportant since there aren’t any drugs that can treat the flu once I get sick
\nwith it.\u00e2\u0080\u009d
\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cThe emphasis on bundling up,
\nstaying warm, and drinking lots of fluids is outdated and actually
\nineffective.\u00e2\u0080\u009d
\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cLike all vaccines, it is
\nideal if everyone in a population gets immunized against the flu.\u00e2\u0080\u009d
\nQuestion 21.21. A 77-year-old
\nlifetime smoker has been diagnosed with a tumor in his lung at the site of an
\nold tubercle scarring site, located in a peripheral area of his bronchiolar
\ntissue. What is this patient’s most likely diagnosis? (Points : 3)
\nSquamous cell carcinoma
\nSmall cell lung cancer
\nLarge cell carcinoma
\nAdenocarcinoma
\nQuestion 22.22. As a result
\nof dehydration, a patient’s epithelial cells are producing insufficient amounts
\nof mucus. Consequently, the patient’s mucociliary blanket is compromised. Which
\nof the following changes would a care provider most reasonably anticipate as a
\ndirect result of this change? (Points : 3)
\nImpaired function of the
\npatient’s cilia
\nDecreased levels of oxygen
\nsaturation
\nIncreased amounts of bacteria
\nin the lungs
\nIncreased carbon dioxide
\nlevels
\nQuestion 23.23. Which of the
\nfollowing statements best captures the etiology of the acute response phase of
\nextrinsic (atopic (sample nursing essay examples by the best nursing assignment writing service)) asthma? (Points : 3)
\nIgG production is heightened
\nas a consequence of exposure to an allergen.
\nAirway remodeling results in
\nairflow limitations.
\nEpithelial injury and edema
\noccur along with changes in mucociliary function.
\nChemical mediators are
\nreleased from presensitized mast cells.
\nQuestion 24.24. A 62-year-old
\nfemale smoker is distraught at her recent diagnosis of small cell lung cancer
\n(SCLC). How can her nurse practitioner most appropriately respond to her?
\n(Points : 3)
\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cI’m sure this is very hard
\nnews to hear, but be aware that with aggressive treatment your chances of
\nbeating this are quite good.\u00e2\u0080\u009d
\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cThis is very difficult to
\nhear, I’m sure, and we have to observe to see if it spreads because that often
\nhappens.\u00e2\u0080\u009d
\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cI’m very sorry to have to
\ngive you this news; I’d like to talk to you about surgical options, however.\u00e2\u0080\u009d
\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cThis is a difficult
\ndiagnosis to receive, but there is a chance that the cancer may go into
\nremission.\u00e2\u0080\u009d
\nQuestion 25.25. About 3 weeks
\nafter razing an old chicken house, a 71-year-old retired farmer has developed a
\nfever, nausea, and vomiting. After ruling out more common health problems, his
\ncare provider eventually makes a diagnosis of histoplasmosis. Which of the
\nfollowing processes is most likely taking place? (Points : 3)
\nToxin production by Histoplasma
\ncapsulatum is triggering an immune response.
\nAntibody production against
\nthe offending fungi is delayed by the patient’s age and the virulence of the
\norganism.
\nSpore inhalation initiates an
\nautoimmune response that produces the associated symptoms.
\nMacrophages are able to
\nremove the offending fungi from the bloodstream but can’t destroy them.
\n1. A 60-year-old man has been
\ndiagnosed with renal calculi after repeated episodes of excruciating flank pain
\nin recent weeks. The man states, \u00e2\u0080\u009cI don’t know how this could happen to me,
\nsince I’m so careful about eating a healthy diet.\u00e2\u0080\u009d What is the most appropriate
\nresponse to the man’s statement? (Points : 3)
\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cYour diet may have played a
\npart in this, but in fact genetics is likely primarily to blame.\u00e2\u0080\u009d
\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cWhat you eat can influence
\nyour risk of stone formation, but many other factors like hormones and your
\nmetabolism are involved.\u00e2\u0080\u009d
\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cYou likely don’t need to
\nchange your diet, but now that you have stones in one kidney, you’re at very
\nhigh risk of growing them in the other kidney.\u00e2\u0080\u009d
\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cYour diet might be normally
\nhealthy, but high intake of normally beneficial minerals like calcium and
\nmagnesium can lead to stones.\u00e2\u0080\u009d
\nQuestion 2.2. An 87-year-old
\nmale resident of an Helped living facility has been consistently continent of
\nurine until the last several weeks. Which of the following actions by the care
\nproviders at the facility is the most likely priority? (Points : 3)
\nPerforming a physical
\nexamination and history to determine the exact cause and character of the incontinence
\nProviding patient education
\nfocusing on the fact that occasional incontinence is a normal, age-related
\nchange
\nTeaching the resident about
\nprotective pads, collection devices, and medications that may be effective
\nShowing the resident the
\ncorrect technique for exercises to improve bladder, sphincter, and pelvic floor
\ntone
\nQuestion 3.3. A 34-year-old
\nmale patient has diagnoses of liver failure, ascites, and hepatic
\nencephalopathy secondary to alcohol abuse. The patient’s family is questioning
\nthe care team about why his abdomen is so large even though he is
\nundernourished and emaciated. Which of the following statements most accurately
\nunderlies the explanation that a member of the care team would provide to the
\nfamily? (Points : 3)
\nAn inordinate amount of
\ninterstitial fluid is accumulating in the patient’s abdomen.
\nThe transcellular component
\nof the intracellular fluid compartment contains far more fluid than normal.
\nThe normally small
\ntranscellular fluid compartment, or third space, is becoming enlarged.
\nGravity-dependent plasma is
\naccumulating in the patient’s peritoneal cavity.
\nQuestion 4.4. A patient is
\nbrought to the emergency department with complaints of shortness of breath.
\nAssessment reveals a full, bounding pulse, severe edema, and audible crackles
\nin the lower lung fields bilaterally. What is the patient’s most likely
\ndiagnosis? (Points : 3)
\nHyponatremia
\nFluid volume excess
\nHypocalcemia
\nHyperkalemia
\nQuestion 5.5. Following
\nseveral days in an acidotic state, a hospital patient has returned to the
\ndesired pH. Which of the following processes could have contributed to the
\nresolution of the patient’s health problem?(Points : 3)
\nExchange of Na+ and H+ ions
\nSelective renal secretion and
\nreabsorption of CO2
\nPhosphate and ammonia buffer
\nsystems in the renal tubules
\nExcretion of HCO3\u00e2\u0080\u0093 by the
\nkidneys
\nQuestion 6.6. Which of the
\nfollowing patients would be considered to have a significant risk of developing
\nthe prerenal form of acute renal failure?
\n(Points : 3)
\nA 22-year-old male who has
\nlost a large amount of blood following a workplace injury
\nA 41-year-old female who is
\nadmitted for intravenous antibiotic treatment of pyelonephritis
\nA 79-year-old male with
\ndiagnoses of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and congestive heart failure
\nA 20-year-old male who is
\nadmitted for treatment of an overdose of a nephrotoxic drug
\nA 68-year-old male with a
\ndiagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
\nAn 80-year-old female who has
\nbeen admitted for treatment of dehydration, hyponatremia, and malnutrition
\nQuestion 7.7. An 81-year-old
\nfemale has long-standing hypocalcemia secondary to kidney disease and will
\nshortly be moving into an Helped living facility from her own apartment.
\nWhich of the following findings should staff at the facility be instructed to
\nobserve for? (Points : 3)
\nLoss of appetite and
\ncomplaints of nausea
\nMuscular spasms and
\ncomplaints of cramps
\nHigh fluid intake and urine
\noutput
\nLethargy and stupor
\nQuestion 8.8. A 55-year-old
\nman has made an appointment to see his nurse practitioner because he has been
\nawakening three to four times nightly to void and often has a sudden need to
\nvoid with little warning during the day. What is the man’s most likely
\ndiagnosis and possible underlying pathophysiologic problem? (Points : 3)
\nStress incontinence due to
\ndamage to CNS inhibitory pathways
\nOveractive bladder that may
\nresult from both neurogenic and myogenic sources
\nOveractive bladder due to
\nintravesical pressure exceeding urethral pressure
\nOverflow incontinence that
\ncan result from displacement of the angle between the bladder and the posterior
\nproximal urethra
\nQuestion 9.9. A 68-year-old
\nwoman with a new onset of vascular dementia has recently begun retaining urine.
\nWhich of the following physiological phenomena would her care providers most realistically
\nexpect to be currently occurring as a result of her urinary retention? (Points
\n: 3)
\nHypertrophy of the bladder
\nmuscle and increased bladder wall thickness
\nDecreased urine production
\nand nitrogenous wasted excretion by the kidneys
\nDecompensation, bladder
\nstretching, and high residual urine volume
\nOverflow incontinence and
\nloss of contraction power
\nQuestion 10.10. Which of the
\nfollowing individuals is at the highest risk for developing a urinary tract
\ninfection (UTI)? (Points : 3)
\nA 60-year-old man with a
\nhistory of cardiovascular disease who is recovering in the hospital from a
\ncoronary artery bypass graft
\nA 66-year-old man undergoing
\ndialysis for the treatment of chronic renal failure secondary to hypertension
\nA 38-year-old man with high
\nurine output due to antidiuretic hormone insufficiency
\nA 30-year-old obese woman
\nwith poorly controlled diabetes mellitus
\nQuestion 11.11. A nurse
\neducator is orientating new nurses to a renal unit of a hospital. Which of the
\nfollowing teaching points should the nurse include as part of a review of
\nnormal glomerular function? (Points : 3)
\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cNephrons are delicate
\nstructures that cannot endure the high pressure that exists in capillary beds
\nelsewhere in the body.\u00e2\u0080\u009d
\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cGlomerular filtrate is very
\nsimilar in composition to blood plasma found elsewhere in circulation.\u00e2\u0080\u009d
\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cDilation of the afferent
\narteriole allows more blood into the nephron and increases the glomerular
\nfiltration rate.\u00e2\u0080\u009d
\n\u00e2\u0080\u009cThe glomerulus is located
\nbetween an arteriole and a venule that work together to regulate blood flow.\u00e2\u0080\u009d
\nQuestion 12.12. A 51-year-old
\nwoman diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) five months prior is distressed
\nthat she has had several recent episodes of urinary incontinence. She has asked
\nher nurse practitioner why this is the case. Which of the following statements
\nbest captures the facts that would underlie the nurse’s response to the
\npatient? (Points : 3)
\nNeurologic diseases like MS
\noften result in flaccid bladder dysfunction.
\nShe may be unable to sense
\nher bladder filling as a result of her MS.
\nLesions of the basal ganglia
\nor extrapyramidal tract associated with MS inhibit detrusor contraction.
\nPathologic reductions in
\nbladder volume brought on by MS necessitate frequent micturition.
\nQuestion 13.13. A patient
\nwith poorly controlled diabetes mellitus presents to the emergency department
\nwith suspected ketoacidosis. Which of the following diagnostic results would be
\nmost likely to confirm this diagnosis? (Points : 3)
\nLow O2 levels, increased
\nanion gap, base excess
\nHigh ammonia levels,
\ndecreased anion gap, high potassium
\nIncreased CO2, increased
\nanion gap, base deficit
\nDecreased CO2, decreased
\nanion gap
\nQuestion 14.14. A pediatric
\nunit will be receiving from a rural medical outpost a patient transfer of an
\n8-day-old infant with a suspected congenital renal disorder. Which of the
\nfollowing possibilities is the care team most likely to be able to rule out
\nearly? (Points : 3)
\nOne of the infant’s kidneys
\nmay have failed to develop to a normal size.
\nThe kidneys may be misshapen
\nand have cysts.
\nThe upper or lower poles of
\nthe two kidneys may be fused.
\nRenal cell carcinoma may be
\npresent.
\nQuestion 15.15. A 4-year-old
\nboy who has been deaf since birth and has bilateral cataracts has been brought
\nto the emergency department by his mother because she noticed blood in the
\ntoilet after he last voided. Urinalysis confirms heavy microscopic hematuria as
\nwell as proteinuria. What will the care team’s initial differential diagnosis
\nmost likely be? (Points : 3)
\nAlport syndrome
\nSystemic lupus erythematosus
\nglomerulonephritis
\nHenoch-Schonlein purpura
\nnephritis
\nImmunoglobulin A nephropathy
\nQuestion 16.16. Which of the
\nfollowing individuals would be considered to be at risk for the development of
\nedema?
\n(Points : 3)
\nAn 81-year-old man with
\nright-sided heart failure and hypothyroidism
\nA 60-year-old obese female
\nwith a diagnosis of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus
\nA 34-year-old industrial
\nworker who has suffered extensive burns in a job-related accident
\nA 77-year-old woman who has
\nan active gastrointestinal bleed and consequent anemia
\nA 22-year-old female with
\nhypoalbuminemia secondary to malnutrition and anorexia nervosa
\nQuestion 17.17. A 22-year-old
\nfemale with a history of intermittent flank pain, repeated UTIs, and hematuria
\nhas been diagnosed with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).
\nWhich of the following phenomena has most likely contributed to the development
\nof her health problem? (Points : 3)
\nUTIs coupled with an impaired
\nimmune response have caused her ADPKD.
\nShe has inherited a tendency
\nfor epithelial cell in her tubules to proliferate inappropriately.
\nSevere hypertension and
\nportal hypertension are likely precursors.
\nShe has inherited undersized
\nkidneys that are prone to calculi formation.
\nQuestion 18.18. A 31-year-old
\npatient with a diagnosis of end-stage liver failure has been admitted to the
\nintensive care unit of a hospital. Arterial blood gas sampling indicates that
\nthe man has an acid-base imbalance. Which of the following situations is most
\nlikely to result in an inappropriate pH? (Points : 3)
\nConservation or formation of
\nnew HCO3\u00e2\u0080\u0093 by the kidneys
\nLow albumin and plasma
\nglobulin levels
\nTranscompartmental exchange
\nof H+ and potassium ions
\nRenal excretion of HCO3\u00e2\u0080\u0093 in
\nthe presence of excess base
\nQuestion 19.19. Which of the
\nfollowing data would a clinician consider to be most indicative of acute renal
\nfailure? (Points : 3)
\nAlterations in blood pH,
\nperipheral edema
\nIncreased nitrogenous waste
\nlevels, decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
\nDecreased serum creatinine
\nand blood urea nitrogen (BUN), decreased potassium and calcium levels
\nDecreased urine output,
\nhematuria, increased GFR
\nQuestion 20.20. A 61-year-old
\nwoman who has had an upper respiratory infection for several weeks has
\npresented to her nurse practitioner with complaints of a recent onset of
\nurinary retention. She reveals to her nurse practitioner that she has been
\ntaking over-the-counter cold medications at higher than the suggested dose for
\nthe past two weeks. Which of the following phenomena will her nurse
\npractitioner most likely suspect is contributing to her urinary retention?
\n(Points : 3)
\nCholinergic actions of the
\ncold medicine are triggering internal and external sphincter contraction.
\nAntihistamine effects inhibit
\ncommunication between the pons and the thoracolumbar cord.
\nThe anticholinergic effects
\nof the medication are impairing normal bladder function.
\nOver-the-counter medications
\nsuch as cold medicine stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system and inhibit
\nbladder emptying.
\nQuestion 21.21. Which of the
\nfollowing patients on a medical unit of a hospital is most likely to be
\nexperiencing health problems that may be attributable to kidney disease?
\n(Points : 3)
\nAn 81-year-old female patient
\nwith osteoporosis and anemia
\nA 77-year-old patient with
\nurinary retention due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
\nA 55-year-old woman with a
\nrecent stroke secondary to long-standing hypertension
\nA 60-year-old man with a
\nsystemic fungal infection requiring intravenous antibiotics
\nQuestion 22.22. Which of the
\nfollowing substances is most likely to be reabsorbed in the tubular segments of
\nthe nephron using passive transport mechanisms?
\n(Points : 3)
\nWater
\nSodium
\nPhosphate
\nCalcium
\nQuestion 23.23. A 77-year-old
\nfemale hospital patient has contracted Clostridium difficile during her stay
\nand is experiencing severe diarrhea. Which of the following statements best
\nconveys a risk that this woman faces?(Points : 3)
\nShe is susceptible to isotonic
\nfluid volume deficit and hypernatremia as a result of water losses.
\nShe is prone to isotonic
\nfluid volume excess due to impaired osmolality from sodium losses.
\nShe could develop
\nthird-spacing edema as a result of plasma protein losses.
\nShe is at risk of
\ncompensatory fluid volume overload secondary to gastrointestinal water and
\nelectrolyte losses.
\nQuestion 24.24. At which of
\nthe following locations in the nephron would a nurse practitioner first expect
\nblood to be largely free of plasma proteins? (Points : 3)
\nProximal convoluted tubule
\nBowman space
\nLoop of Henle
\nAfferent arteriole
\nQuestion 25.25. Which
\ndiuretic acts by inhibiting sodium chloride reabsorption in the thick ascending
\nlimb of the loop of Henle? (Points : 3)
\nBumetanide (Bumex)
\nMannitol (Osmitrol)
\nHydrochlorothiazide
\n(Hydrodiuril)
\nAcetazolamide (Diamox)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1. Which of the following patients who presented to a walk-in medical clinic is most likely to be diagnosed with a rhinosinusitis rather than a\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7641,8827,10535,10533,10534,10531,10529,6744,10532,10530,7741],"tags":[10553,10549,10616,10615,7687,10254,10627,10104,10247,8857,10552,10295,10900,2984,3903,10548,10622,8901,10551,8907],"class_list":["post-127367","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-australia-essay-writers","category-australia-essays","category-do-my-university-assignment-for-me","category-essay-pro-dissertation-writers","category-homework-help-services-best-websites","category-i-need-help-writing-a-page-paper-assignment","category-masters-essays","category-nursing-studybay","category-pay-someone-to-write-a-paper-for-you","category-website-that-writes-assignments","category-studybay","tag-1-assignment-help-online-service-for-students-in-the-usa","tag-ai-plagiarism-free-essay-writing-tool","tag-australian-best-tutors","tag-best-trans-tutors","tag-buy-essay-uk","tag-can-someone-write-my-assignment-for-me","tag-cheap-dissertation-writer","tag-essypro","tag-help-me-write-my-dissertation","tag-help-with-writing-an-essay","tag-help-write-my-paper-ai-free","tag-homework-for-you","tag-nursing-bay","tag-nursing-essay","tag-nursing-study-bay","tag-online-essay-writers","tag-phd-essays","tag-studbay","tag-write-my-assignment-help-for-college-students","tag-write-my-essay-for-me"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127367","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=127367"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127367\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=127367"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=127367"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=127367"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}