Study Bay Coursework Assignment Writing Help<\/p>\n
Noun phrases as well as other phrases play an important role in mastering any language. Without noun phrase, there would have no agents, no patients, and no recipients. Additionally, no matter how wide our vocabulary may be, a single word is often insufficient in expressing our thought.. A contrastive analysis between English and Vietnamese is necessary and interesting for teaching and studying. Almost every language has noun phrases, however, despite having the same basic structure, they have some differences..This study aims to explore internal and external structure of English and Vietnamese noun phrases then make a comparison between two kinds of NP as well as suggest some teaching implications. I hope through this assignment, both I and the readers will learn something helpful which can apply to English teaching and learning.<\/p>\n
Le (2002) defined noun phrase (NP) as a group of words beginning with a noun and functioning appositive. This NP often goes right before or right after the noun it expresses.<\/p>\n
Ex: A victim of war, he hated the sight of soldiers. (A victim of war = he)<\/p>\n
According to L.H.Nguyen (2004), a NP is a group of words with a noun or pronoun as the main part (the head). In his book \u201cAnalyzing English\u201d, Jackson added some more deal about the head which is \u201cthe minimal requirement for the occurrence of a noun phrase\u201d. Despite the NP is in simple form such as \u201d students\u201d or in complex form such as \u201d the story about the girl who used to live there\u201d, it must have a noun or pronoun expressing the main idea.<\/p>\n
Basically, a noun phrase consists of 3 main parts : Pre \u2013 Modification, Head, Post \u2013 Modification. But in some complex NPs, we can see that the Pre \u2013 Modification may contain other elements. Based on the theory of NP in the book \u201cAnalyzing English\u201d by Howard Jackson, we have a detailed formula of NP as following :<\/p>\n
Pre \u2013 determiner<\/p>\n
(A)<\/p>\n
Identifiers<\/p>\n
(B)<\/p>\n
Numeral\/Quantifier<\/p>\n
(C)<\/p>\n
Adjectives<\/p>\n
(D)<\/p>\n
Noun modifier<\/p>\n
(E)<\/p>\n
N\/pro<\/p>\n
(F)<\/p>\n
Relative clauses, non-finite clause, prepositional phrase, adjectives, adverbs.<\/p>\n
(G)<\/p>\n
Table 1 : The structure of a NP in English<\/p>\n
Now, we will go into details of the structure of a NP.<\/p>\n
This part basically has 5 elements as shown in the above table. The first element is pre-determiners. They are a small group of words which may occur before the identifier in a NP. They also have quantifier reference (all, both, half, \u00e2\u20ac\u00a6); fraction numerals (one-third, \u00e2\u20ac\u00a6).<\/p>\n
Next element is identifiers. This element includes articles (a, an, the); demonstrative (this, that, these, those); possessives (my, your, his,\u00e2\u20ac\u00a6). But there is one thing we should pay attention. In any NP, just only one identifier may occur, it means that articles, demonstrative and possessives are mutually exclusive. We can\u2019t say \u201cthat my house\u201d but if we use \u201cof-phrase\u201d with the possessive pronoun, we can express that NP in another way \u201cthat book of mine\u201d.<\/p>\n
In some NPs such as \u201cfive cats\u201d, \u201cseveral books\u201d, the pre \u2013 modification here is numeral (five) or quantifier(several). Also, sometimes, we can see the combination of these two elements in some NPs. The frequent sequences are ordinal numeral (especially \u201d first\u201d and \u201clast\u201d ) + indefinite quantifier ( eg \u201cthe first few hours\u201d), ordinal + cardinal (eg \u201cthe second five days\u201d), indefinite quantifier + cardinal numeral, especially round number (eg \u201d several thousand people\u201d) (Nguyen, 2004, p. 44).<\/p>\n
To amplify the head noun in some way, the next element, adjectives, come after the identifier and numerals\/quantifiers. However, in case that several adjectives co-occur in a NP, there is a rule for their order.<\/p>\n
charming<\/p>\n
Small<\/p>\n
round<\/p>\n
old<\/p>\n
brown<\/p>\n
French<\/p>\n
oaken<\/p>\n
writing table<\/p>\n
Table 2 : The adjective order<\/p>\n
The last element is noun modifiers which come between the adjectives and the head noun. As we can see, nouns may function not only as heads of NP but also modifiers in NP. For example, in NP \u201ca children book\u201d, \u201cchildren\u201d modifies \u201cbook\u201d and \u201ca children book\u201d means a book for children.<\/p>\n
Beside 5 basic elements mentioned above, there is one further kind of pre-modification that is NP in genitive case. This kind is marked by an \u2018s added to the its final word (eg my friend \u2018s bicycle).<\/p>\n
The most usual kind of head of NP is noun, but in some NPs such as \u201cShe is my best friend\u201d, the head may be a pronoun of some kind, usually a personal pronoun (he, she, you\u00e2\u20ac\u00a6). Similarly, Jacobs (1995) stated that many NPs in English are single forms consisting perhaps just of a noun or a pronoun. When the head is a pronoun, it doesn\u2019t need any modification, especially the pre-modification.<\/p>\n
Personal pronoun<\/p>\n
He, she, you, they, we, \u00e2\u20ac\u00a6.<\/p>\n
Indefinite pronoun<\/p>\n
Someone, something, nobody,\u00e2\u20ac\u00a6\u2026<\/p>\n
Possessive pronoun<\/p>\n
His, her, your, their,\u00e2\u20ac\u00a6<\/p>\n
Demonstrative pronoun<\/p>\n
This, that, \u00e2\u20ac\u00a6<\/p>\n
Table 3 : Kinds of pronoun functioning as the head of NP<\/p>\n
This part is most frequently followed by phrases or clauses. Three kinds of phrasal\/clausal post-modification we often see is: relative clauses, non-finite clauses, and prepositional phrases, sometimes we also see an adjective or an adverb functioning as a post-modifier in NP (Jackson, p.15).<\/p>\n
A relative clause consists of a relative pronoun (who, whom, which, that, whose,\u00e2\u20ac\u00a6) as a head, which mentions back to the head noun of NP. If the relative pronoun\u2019s function is object in the relative clause, we can omit that relative pronoun.<\/p>\n
Non-finite clause is clause usually without subjects introduced by a non-finite form of the verb. That kind of clause include 3 kinds : infinite clause, present participle clause, past participle.<\/p>\n
In a NP, prepositional phrase occurs most frequently functioning as post-modifier.<\/p>\n
All the schools in town<\/p>\n
The last few days<\/p>\n
Dong Bang Shin Ki, my favourite music band.<\/p>\n
My noisy 4-year-old white Siamese cat<\/p>\n
This mischievous tax collector\u2019s grabbing hand<\/p>\n
The Korea history which has just been published.<\/p>\n
Something important to do<\/p>\n
The girl behind you<\/p>\n
Two horses eating grass.<\/p>\n
A theme song composed by Lee So Man<\/p>\n
One-third of the population<\/p>\n
Mai, Vu and Hoang (2006) defined NP (danh ng\u00e1\u00bb\u00af) is a phrase in which the noun function as the main part.<\/p>\n
Also, NP in the theory of Doan, Nguyen, Pham (2001) is a \u201cfree combination of a noun nucleus and one or more than one subordinate elements \u201d which can be front elements standing before the nucleus noun or can be end elements standing after the nucleus noun.<\/p>\n
As a phrase, NP in Vietnamese also has three main parts : Pre-Modification (Front Element), Head (Nucleus), Post-Modification (End Element). More detailed, according to Mai et al. \u2018s theory (pp. 276-280), the structure of NP in Vietnamese can be described as following :<\/p>\n
T\u00e1\u00ba\u00a5t c\u00e1\u00ba\u00a3<\/p>\n
nh\u00e1\u00bb\u00afng<\/p>\n
C\u00e1i<\/p>\n
con m\u00e8o<\/p>\n
\u00c4\u2018en<\/p>\n
\u00e1\u00ba\u00a5y<\/p>\n
(-3)<\/p>\n
(-2)<\/p>\n
(-1)<\/p>\n
Head noun (0)<\/p>\n
(1)<\/p>\n
(2)<\/p>\n
Table 4 : The structure of a NP in Vietnamese<\/p>\n
As we can see from the table, the elements in the position (-3), (-2) and (-1) are called front elements, while the elements standing after the nucleus (1) and (2) are called end elements. Those elements are placed in a stable way as shown in the above table.<\/p>\n
In terms of the front elements , we have three kinds. In the position (-1), quantifiers such as \u201ct\u00e1\u00ba\u00a5t c\u00e1\u00ba\u00a3\u201d, \u201ct\u00e1\u00ba\u00a5t th\u00e1\u00ba\u00a3y\u201d, \u201ch\u00e1\u00ba\u00bft th\u00e1\u00ba\u00a3y\u201d, \u201ch\u00e1\u00ba\u00bft c\u00e1\u00ba\u00a3\u201d, \u201cc\u00e1\u00ba\u00a3\u201d,\u00e2\u20ac\u00a6.are used. Those words can occur before:<\/p>\n
definite numerals : m\u00e1\u00bb\u2122t, hai, ba, b\u00e1\u00bb\u2018n,\u00e2\u20ac\u00a6<\/p>\n
Ex : t\u00e1\u00ba\u00a5t c\u00e1\u00ba\u00a3 b\u00e1\u00bb\u2018n m\u00c6\u00b0\u00c6\u00a1i sinh vi\u00ean (1)<\/p>\n
collective nouns : \u00c4\u2018\u00e0n, l\u00c5\u00a9, b\u00f3, b\u00e1\u00bb\u2122, n\u00e1\u00ba\u00afm, \u00e2\u20ac\u00a6.<\/p>\n
Ex: c\u00e1\u00ba\u00a3 l\u00c5\u00a9 con trai<\/p>\n
general nouns : qu\u00e1\u00ban, \u00e1o, binh, l\u00ednh, xe c\u00e1\u00bb\u2122, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c,\u00e2\u20ac\u00a6<\/p>\n
Ex: h\u00e1\u00ba\u00bft th\u00e1\u00ba\u00a3y m\u00e1y m\u00f3c<\/p>\n
Let\u2019s pay attention to the quantifiers such as \u201ct\u00e1\u00ba\u00a5t c\u00e1\u00ba\u00a3\u201d, \u201ct\u00e1\u00ba\u00a5t th\u00e1\u00ba\u00a3y\u201d, \u201ch\u00e1\u00ba\u00bft th\u00e1\u00ba\u00a3y\u201d, \u201ch\u00e1\u00ba\u00bft c\u00e1\u00ba\u00a3\u201d, \u201cc\u00e1\u00ba\u00a3\u201d,\u00e2\u20ac\u00a6.From the examples above, we can see that such those quantifiers occur before the head noun. Now, taking the first example, is it right if we say it in such a way \u201cb\u00e1\u00bb\u2018n m\u00c6\u00b0\u00c6\u00a1i sinh vi\u00ean t\u00e1\u00ba\u00a5t c\u00e1\u00ba\u00a3\u201d ? Actually, in terms of grammar, it is correct but the meaning is different. The NP \u201ct\u00e1\u00ba\u00a5t c\u00e1\u00ba\u00a3 b\u00e1\u00bb\u2018n m\u00c6\u00b0\u00c6\u00a1i sinh vi\u00ean\u201d means that no students are left, but in \u201d b\u00e1\u00bb\u2018n m\u00c6\u00b0\u00c6\u00a1i sinh vi\u00ean t\u00e1\u00ba\u00a5t c\u00e1\u00ba\u00a3\u201d, there are some students left. So, we can conclude that \u201ct\u00e1\u00ba\u00a5t c\u00e1\u00ba\u00a3\u201d can stand before and after the head noun depending on the speaker\u2019s attention.<\/p>\n
Diep Quang Ban (2000) stated that position (-2) is the place taken by word class as following :<\/p>\n
M\u00e1\u00bb\u2122t, hai, ba, b\u00e1\u00bb\u2018n, m\u00c6\u00b0\u00e1\u00bb\u009di, tr\u00c4\u0192m \u00e2\u20ac\u00a6..<\/p>\n
M\u00c6\u00b0\u00e1\u00bb\u009di con m\u00e8o<\/p>\n
V\u00e0i, v\u00e0i ba, d\u00c4\u0192m, m\u00c6\u00b0\u00c6\u00a1i, \u00e2\u20ac\u00a6<\/p>\n
v\u00e0i ba kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n
M\u00e1\u00bb-i, m\u00e1\u00bb\u2122t, t\u00e1\u00bb\u00abng,\u00e2\u20ac\u00a6<\/p>\n
M\u00e1\u00bb-i c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n<\/p>\n
Nh\u00e1\u00bb\u00afng, c\u00e1c, m\u00e1\u00bb\u2122t,..<\/p>\n
Nh\u00e1\u00bb\u00afng b\u00e1c s\u00c4\u00a9<\/p>\n
M\u00e1\u00ba\u00a5y con g\u00e0 n\u00e0y<\/p>\n
Table 5: the position (-2) in a NP in Vietnamese<\/p>\n
However, we should pay attention that such elements as \u201cv\u00e0i, v\u00e0i ba, d\u00c4\u0192m,\u00e2\u20ac\u00a6\u201d can not co-exist with the quantifiers such as \u201ct\u00e1\u00ba\u00a5t c\u00e1\u00ba\u00a3\u201d, \u201ct\u00e1\u00ba\u00a5t th\u00e1\u00ba\u00a3y\u201d, \u201ch\u00e1\u00ba\u00bft th\u00e1\u00ba\u00a3y\u201d, \u201ch\u00e1\u00ba\u00bft c\u00e1\u00ba\u00a3\u201d, \u201cc\u00e1\u00ba\u00a3\u201d in the position (-3).<\/p>\n
In terms of the position (-1), Diep Quang Ban (2000) stated that it is taken by the deictic word \u201cc\u00e1i\u201d (t\u00e1\u00bb\u00ab ch\u00e1\u00bb\u2030 xu\u00e1\u00ba\u00a5t) in order to emphasize things mentioned in the head noun. However, sometimes, \u201cc\u00e1i\u201d is replaced by another deictic word such as \u201ccon\u201d in NP \u201ccon ng\u00c6\u00b0\u00e1\u00bb\u009di \u00e1\u00ba\u00a5y\u201d. In Vietnamese NP, \u201cc\u00e1i\u201d occurs before the head noun and can intervene between a numeral (if there is one) and the classifier or a measure phrase. It may be preceded by other pre-noun modifiers such as quantifiers, numerals, and articles. It must always co-occur with a classifier as in \u201d ba c\u00e1i cu\u00e1\u00bb\u2122n len kia \u201d or \u201cba c\u00e1i th\u00f9ng n\u00c6\u00b0\u00e1\u00bb\u203ac n\u00e0y\u201d. Besides, \u201cc\u00e1i\u201d is sometimes mistaken with the homonymous classifier \u201cc\u00e1i\u201d, but it\u2019s different from classifier c\u00e1i as well as other classifiers in term of distribution and function. When \u201cc\u00e1i\u201d precedes a count noun, the use of a classifier is obligatory, as shown in (a). However, \u201cc\u00e1i\u201d cannot be used before the homonymous classifier as shown in (b)<\/p>\n
ba c\u00e1i cu\u00e1\u00bb\u2122n len (correct)<\/p>\n
ba c\u00e1i c\u00e1i ch\u00e9n (incorrect)<\/p>\n
Usually, with the presence of the deictic word, the noun is demonstrative like \u201cn\u00e0y\u201d, \u201d kia\u201d, \u201c\u00e1\u00ba\u00a5y\u201d, \u00e2\u20ac\u00a6.(eg: c\u00e1i th\u00e1\u00ba\u00b1ng nh\u00f3c n\u00e0y) . But, in spoken language, we often see that the demonstratives are omitted, like \u201cc\u00e1i th\u00e1\u00ba\u00b1ng nh\u00f3c\u201d.<\/p>\n
According to Dinh Dien (n.d), the nucleus (position (0)) may be a noun(boy, teacher, cat, house\u00e2\u20ac\u00a6) or a combination between a classifier (danh t\u00e1\u00bb\u00ab ch\u00e1\u00bb\u2030 lo\u00e1\u00ba\u00a1i) and the head noun such as \u201d con ng\u00c6\u00b0\u00e1\u00bb\u009di\u201d, \u201cquy\u00e1\u00bb\u0192n s\u00e1ch\u201d, \u201cm\u00e1y s\u00e1\u00ba\u00a5y\u201d. Otherwise, the head noun may be a classifier followed by a descriptive free word cluster (t\u00e1\u00bb\u2022 h\u00e1\u00bb\u00a3p t\u00e1\u00bb\u00ab t\u00e1\u00bb\u00b1 do mi\u00eau t\u00e1\u00ba\u00a3) such as \u201chai ng\u00c6\u00b0\u00e1\u00bb\u009di \u00c4\u2018ang ng\u00e1\u00bb\u201ci n\u00f3i chuy\u00e1\u00bb\u2021n \u00c4\u2018\u00e1\u00ba\u00b1ng kia\u201d, \u201cnh\u00e1\u00bb\u00afng vi\u00e1\u00bb\u2021c b\u00e0n h\u00f4m b\u00e1\u00bb\u00afa\u201d Additionally, words which are not nouns can also be the head due to the speaking habit of Vietnamese. For example, we can shorten the NP \u201chai c\u00e1\u00bb\u2018c c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u00c4\u2018en\u201d into the NP \u201chai \u00c4\u2018en\u201d.<\/p>\n
Some Vietnamese classifiers are commonly used:<\/p>\n
c\u00e1i\u00a0: used for most inanimate objects (c\u00e1i b\u00e0n, c\u00e1i gh\u00e1\u00ba\u00bf,..)<\/p>\n
con: usually for animals and children (con b\u00e9), but can be used to describe some inanimate objects (con dao, con \u00c4\u2018\u00c6\u00b0\u00e1\u00bb\u009dng)<\/p>\n
b\u00e0i: used for compositions like songs, drawings, poems, essays, etc (b\u00e0i th\u00c6\u00a1, b\u00e0i h\u00e1t,..)<\/p>\n
c\u00e2y: used for stick-like objects (c\u00e2y ph\u00c6\u00b0\u00e1\u00bb\u00a3ng, c\u00e2y s\u00fang,\u00e2\u20ac\u00a6)<\/p>\n
t\u00f2a: buildings of authority: courts, halls, \u201civory towers\u201d (t\u00f2a nh\u00e0,..)<\/p>\n
qu\u00e1\u00ba\u00a3\/tr\u00e1i: used for globular objects (qu\u00e1\u00ba\u00a3 chu\u00e1\u00bb\u2018i, tr\u00e1i \u00c4\u2018\u00e1\u00ba\u00a5t,..)<\/p>\n
quy\u00e1\u00bb\u0192n\/cu\u00e1\u00bb\u2018n: used for book-like objects (cu\u00e1\u00bb\u2018n s\u00e1ch, quy\u00e1\u00bb\u0192n t\u00e1\u00ba\u00a1p ch\u00ed,..)<\/p>\n
t\u00e1\u00bb\u009d: sheets and other thin objects made of paper (t\u00e1\u00bb\u009d gi\u00e1\u00ba\u00a5y, t\u00e1\u00bb\u009d b\u00e1o,..)<\/p>\n
l\u00e1: smaller sheets of paper (l\u00e1 th\u00c6\u00a1, l\u00e1 b\u00e0i,\u00e2\u20ac\u00a6)<\/p>\n
vi\u00e1\u00bb\u2021c: an event or an ongoing process (vi\u00e1\u00bb\u2021c kinh doanh, vi\u00e1\u00bb\u2021c h\u00e1\u00bb\u008dc,\u00e2\u20ac\u00a6)<\/p>\n
Doan et al. classified the end elements in terms of part of speech, structure, way of connection, order of some elements.<\/p>\n
c.1) In terms of part of speech :<\/p>\n
noun<\/p>\n
l\u00e1\u00bb\u203ap ngo\u00e1\u00ba\u00a1i ng\u00e1\u00bb\u00af<\/p>\n
verb<\/p>\n
l\u00e1\u00bb\u203ap giao ti\u00e1\u00ba\u00bfp<\/p>\n
adjective<\/p>\n
l\u00e1\u00bb\u203ap \u00c4\u2018\u00f4ng<\/p>\n
cardinal numeral<\/p>\n
l\u00e1\u00bb\u203ap 4<\/p>\n
noun of place<\/p>\n
l\u00e1\u00bb\u203ap tr\u00ean l\u00e1\u00bau<\/p>\n
noun of time<\/p>\n
l\u00e1\u00bb\u203ap bu\u00e1\u00bb\u2022i t\u00e1\u00bb\u2018i<\/p>\n
pronoun<\/p>\n
l\u00e1\u00bb\u203ap c\u00e1\u00bba t\u00f4i<\/p>\n
Table 6 : The end elements in Vietnamese NP in terms of part of speech<\/p>\n
c.2) In terms of structure:<\/p>\n
A principal \u2013 accessory phrase: s\u00e1ch v\u00c4\u0192n h\u00e1\u00bb\u008dc M\u00e1\u00bb\u00b9<\/p>\n
A coordinated phrase: s\u00e1ch nghe v\u00e0 n\u00f3i<\/p>\n
A S-V phrase: s\u00e1ch m\u00e1\u00ba\u00b9 t\u00f4i v\u00e1\u00bb\u00aba mua<\/p>\n
c.3) In terms of way of connection:<\/p>\n
Direct ways ( eg: tinh th\u00e1\u00ban th\u00e9p, m\u00e1\u00ba\u00aft b\u00e1\u00bb\u201c c\u00e2u\u00e2\u20ac\u00a6)<\/p>\n
Indirect ways (eg : b\u00e1\u00bb\u2122 phim m\u00e0 anh th\u00edch, b\u00e0i vi\u00e1\u00ba\u00bft m\u00e0 t\u00f4i v\u00e1\u00bb\u00aba ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh)<\/p>\n
c.4) In terms of the following order:<\/p>\n
The nucleus \u0192\u00a0 A \u0192\u00a0B (a, b, c, d) \u0192\u00a0C<\/p>\n
goes with the nucleus to form a phrase (a compound noun)<\/p>\n
describes the characteristics of the object that the nucleus mentioned<\/p>\n
Ex: ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch r\u00e1\u00bb\u2122ng, b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u00e1\u00bb\u2021c sang tr\u00e1\u00bb\u008dng,\u00e2\u20ac\u00a6.<\/p>\n
demonstrative pronouns such as \u201cn\u00e0y, \u00e1\u00ba\u00a5y, \u00c4\u2018\u00f3\u201d\u00e2\u20ac\u00a6<\/p>\n
a<\/p>\n
b<\/p>\n
C<\/p>\n
d<\/p>\n
a noun, a verb or an adjective<\/p>\n
\u201cv\u00e1\u00bb\u0081 + noun\u201d or \u201cb\u00e1\u00ba\u00b1ng + noun\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cc\u00e1\u00bba + noun\u201d or \u201c\u00e1\u00bb\u0178 + noun\u201d<\/p>\n
Clauses<\/p>\n
Table 6 : The end elements in Vietnamese NP in terms of some elements\u2019 order.<\/p>\n
Something about demonstratives may cause you misunderstanding if we arrange them in different order. For example, compare two NPs \u201d vi\u00e1\u00bb\u2021c \u00e1\u00ba\u00a5y c\u00e1\u00bba anh\u201d and \u201cvi\u00e1\u00bb\u2021c c\u00e1\u00bba anh \u00e1\u00ba\u00a5y\u201d, we can see the difference in meaning here due to our speaking intonation. In the first NP, if we speak with a flat intonation, we can understand it as \u201chis work\u201d, whereas, if we speak with a raising intonation at \u201c\u00e1\u00ba\u00a5y\u201d in the second NP, it can be understood that \u201cit\u2019s your work, not others\u2019 work\u201d.<\/p>\n
T\u00e1\u00ba\u00a5t c\u00e1\u00ba\u00a3 nh\u00e1\u00bb\u00afng c\u00e1i v\u00e1y \u00c4\u2018en b\u00e1\u00ba\u00b1ng jeans \u00e1\u00bb\u0178 shop Cass m\u00e0 c\u00e1\u00ba\u00adu<\/p>\n
th\u00c6\u00b0\u00e1\u00bb\u009dng th\u00e1\u00ba\u00a5y \u00c4\u2018\u00f3<\/p>\n
b) \u00c4\u0090\u00c6\u00b0\u00e1\u00bb\u009dng \u00c4\u2018ua s\u00e1\u00bb\u2018 2 \u00e1\u00bb\u0178 tr\u00c6\u00b0\u00e1\u00bb\u203ac m\u00e1\u00ba\u00b7t (Diep, 2000, p. 60)<\/p>\n
c) Nh\u00e1\u00bb\u00afng th\u00e1\u00ba\u00b1ng nh\u00f3c ngh\u00e1\u00bb\u2039ch ng\u00e1\u00bb\u00a3m \u00e1\u00ba\u00a5y<\/p>\n
d) S\u00e0n nh\u00e0 chi m\u00e1\u00bb\u203ai lau<\/p>\n
e) C\u00e1i cu\u00e1\u00bb\u2018n t\u00e1\u00ba\u00a1p ch\u00ed \u00e1\u00bb\u0178 tr\u00ean k\u00e1\u00bb\u2021 \u00c4\u2018\u00f3<\/p>\n
From what we discuss above about the NP in English and Vietnamese, we can see that both of them have a basic structure : pre-modification, head, post-modification. . However, there are still some differences between them. We will discuss some remarkable similarities and differences in the positions of pre-modification and post-modification in English and Vietnamese NP.<\/p>\n
(a) All those old chairs<\/p>\n
(b) Several thousand people<\/p>\n
(c) One-third of my students<\/p>\n
(a) T\u00e1\u00ba\u00a5t c\u00e1\u00ba\u00a3 nh\u00e1\u00bb\u00afng c\u00e1i gh\u00e1\u00ba\u00bf c\u00c5\u00a9 \u00c4\u2018\u00f3<\/p>\n
(b) V\u00e0i ng\u00e0n ng\u00c6\u00b0\u00e1\u00bb\u009di<\/p>\n
(c) M\u00e1\u00bb\u2122t ph\u00e1\u00ban ba s\u00e1\u00bb\u2018 h\u00e1\u00bb\u008dc sinh c\u00e1\u00bba t\u00f4i<\/p>\n
That large brick house<\/p>\n
The second tour to Korea<\/p>\n
My favourite spicy food<\/p>\n
(a) Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 b\u00e1\u00ba\u00b1ng g\u00e1\u00ba\u00a1ch to l\u00e1\u00bb\u203an \u00c4\u2018\u00f3<\/p>\n
(b) Chuy\u00e1\u00ba\u00bfn du l\u00e1\u00bb\u2039ch th\u00e1\u00bb\u00a9 hai \u00c4\u2018\u00e1\u00ba\u00bfn H\u00e0n Qu\u00e1\u00bb\u2018c<\/p>\n
(c) Th\u00e1\u00bb\u00a9c \u00c4\u0192n cay y\u00eau th\u00edch c\u00e1\u00bba t\u00f4i<\/p>\n
Ex : c\u00e1i b\u00e0n m\u00e0u n\u00e2u l\u00e0m b\u00e1\u00ba\u00b1ng g\u00e1\u00bb- xo\u00e0i<\/p>\n
A brown oaken table.<\/p>\n
However, in some cases, adjectives come after the head noun in English NP such as \u201csomething strange\u201d, \u201csomebody brave\u201d,\u00e2\u20ac\u00a6 Additionally, the order of adjectives modifiers in English is rather fixed (epithet, size, shape, age, colour, origin, substance, present participle) whereas that in Vietnamese NP may be exchanged, based on the speaker\u2019s attention. For example, in English, we just have only one order \u201ca pretty blue skirt\u201d but when we say in Vietnamese, there are 2 ways \u201cm\u00e1\u00bb\u2122t chi\u00e1\u00ba\u00bfc v\u00e1y m\u00e0u xanh da tr\u00e1\u00bb\u009di xinh x\u00e1\u00ba\u00afn\u201d and \u201d m\u00e1\u00bb\u2122t chi\u00e1\u00ba\u00bfc v\u00e1y xinh x\u00e1\u00ba\u00afn m\u00e0u xanh da tr\u00e1\u00bb\u009di\u201d.<\/p>\n
Moreover, in English NP, the occurrence of nouns and determiners is obligatory but optional in Vietnamese NP. So, if we translate the phrase \u201d cu\u00e1\u00bb\u2018n s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean b\u00e0n\u201d into Vietnamese, it will be \u201d book on table\u201d. Is it right? As you see, the true phrase should be \u201d the book on the table\u201d .<\/p>\n
In Vietnamese, classifiers are generally obligatory in numerated NP whereas in English, we don\u2019t normally use classifiers before nouns, except some special words \u201ca pair of shoes\u201d, \u201ca loaf of bread\u201d \u00e2\u20ac\u00a6.<\/p>\n
EX: In English, we say \u201ctwo books\u201d but in Vietnamese, we say \u201chai cu\u00e1\u00bb\u2018n s\u00e1ch\u201d.<\/p>\n
The next difference I want to mention is the position of noun modifiers. In English NP, they come before a head noun but in Vietnamese, they come after the head noun. Nevertheless, in some cases in Vietnamese, noun modifiers precedes the head noun (eg m\u00e1\u00bb\u2122t thi nh\u00e2n, m\u00e1\u00bb\u2122t c\u00e1\u00bb\u009d th\u00e1\u00bb,..)<\/p>\n
A ballet class<\/p>\n
A package tour<\/p>\n
A summer campaign<\/p>\n
(a) M\u00e1\u00bb\u2122t l\u00e1\u00bb\u203ap ba l\u00ea<\/p>\n
(b) Chuy\u00e1\u00ba\u00bfn du l\u00e1\u00bb\u2039ch tr\u00e1\u00bb\u008dn g\u00f3i<\/p>\n
(c) chi\u00e1\u00ba\u00bfn d\u00e1\u00bb\u2039ch m\u00f9a h\u00e8<\/p>\n
Last but not least, sometimes there are some ambiguous structures that cause us confused. In Vietnamese, what comes into people\u2019s mind first is spoken first is the common rule, which is also a natural order of people\u2019s thinking (Dinh, n.d, p. 11). Let\u2019s take a NP as an example. How many ways you can say the English NP \u201ca new Korean leather coat\u201d ? We have \u201cm\u00e1\u00bb\u2122t c\u00e1i \u00e1o kho\u00e1c m\u00e1\u00bb\u203ai b\u00e1\u00ba\u00b1ng l\u00f4ng th\u00fa c\u00e1\u00bba H\u00e0n Qu\u00e1\u00bb\u2018c\u201d or \u201cm\u00e1\u00bb\u2122t c\u00e1i \u00e1o kho\u00e1c H\u00e0n Qu\u00e1\u00bb\u2018c b\u00e1\u00ba\u00b1ng l\u00f4ng th\u00fa m\u00e1\u00bb\u203ai\u201d and \u201cm\u00e1\u00bb\u2122t c\u00e1i \u00e1o kho\u00e1c b\u00e1\u00ba\u00b1ng l\u00f4ng th\u00fa H\u00e0n Qu\u00e1\u00bb\u2018c m\u00e1\u00bb\u203ai\u201d.<\/p>\n
It seems that in the English NP, the position of pre-modifiers and post-premodifiers are not so free and flexible as that in Vietnamese NP<\/p>\n
Learners of English may have some difficulties such as how to translate from<\/p>\n
English into Vietnamese and vice versa due to the differences in the position of pre-modifiers and post-modifiers we have just mentioned above (for example: m\u00e1\u00bb\u2122t quy\u00e1\u00bb\u0192n s\u00e1ch hay \u2013 a book good or a book interesting. They may also be in trouble with the order of the adjectives in a rather long noun phrase with many adjectives. Which adjective come first? Which one will come next? Where should we put those adjectives. Vietnamese students may find it difficult to remember all the positions due to the habit of placing the adjectives after the head noun and using them flexibly.<\/p>\n
Knowing clearly about English NP and Vietnamese NP, especially the differences as well as the common mistakes that Vietnamese learners often meet will help the teachers guide their students correctly. In other words, learners can know their mistakes from the beginning so that they can find it easy to learn English later, especially grammar. Based on the knowledge of English NP and Vietnamese NP, the teachers also design the tasks for students to consolidate and practice knowledge of phrases and sentences in both two languages.<\/p>\n
In conclusion, although NP in English and Vietnamese has the same basic structure (pre-modification, head, post-modification), they are not the same in the word order of pre-modification and post-modification. These differences are caused by the dissimilarity in thinking and speaking habit of English and Vietnamese. As a student as well as a teacher-to-be, this research helps me a lot. When doing this assignment, I have a chance to consolidate my knowledge of both English and Vietnamese and know something new and helpful. With what I learn from this research, I will apply to my study and teaching career.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Study Bay Coursework Assignment Writing Help Noun phrases as well as other phrases play an important role in mastering any language. Without noun phrase, there\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7641,8827,10535,10533,10534,10531,10529,6744,10532,10530,7741],"tags":[10553,10549,10616,10615,7687,10254,10627,10104,10247,8857,10552,10295,10900,2984,3903,10548,10622,8901,10551,8907],"class_list":["post-129354","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-australia-essay-writers","category-australia-essays","category-do-my-university-assignment-for-me","category-essay-pro-dissertation-writers","category-homework-help-services-best-websites","category-i-need-help-writing-a-page-paper-assignment","category-masters-essays","category-nursing-studybay","category-pay-someone-to-write-a-paper-for-you","category-website-that-writes-assignments","category-studybay","tag-1-assignment-help-online-service-for-students-in-the-usa","tag-ai-plagiarism-free-essay-writing-tool","tag-australian-best-tutors","tag-best-trans-tutors","tag-buy-essay-uk","tag-can-someone-write-my-assignment-for-me","tag-cheap-dissertation-writer","tag-essypro","tag-help-me-write-my-dissertation","tag-help-with-writing-an-essay","tag-help-write-my-paper-ai-free","tag-homework-for-you","tag-nursing-bay","tag-nursing-essay","tag-nursing-study-bay","tag-online-essay-writers","tag-phd-essays","tag-studbay","tag-write-my-assignment-help-for-college-students","tag-write-my-essay-for-me"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/129354","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=129354"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/129354\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=129354"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=129354"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=129354"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}