Case Study Analysis Guidelines<\/b><\/p>\n
The case study method is a form of stimulation aimed at providing students with an understanding of the complexities relating to specific circumstances faced on the job. A case study should contain a complete description of\u00a0an issue<\/b>\u00a0including all known events, people, and other impacting factors. It represents a situation\/concern to be analyzed and resolved. Case studies should allow students to:<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Ask (or ask themselves) questions that help extract key information from a case<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Diagnose the case<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Define all the different issues involved in the case<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Make well thought out, fact-based decisions<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Formulate principles for handling future cases<\/p>\n
In the field of public administration, the case study method is “an action plan” for resolving community issues. It provides clarity of purpose for what needs to be accomplished to effectively connect citizens to governance.<\/p>\n
“Few public administrators expect ever to find a ‘one size fits all’<\/b>\u00a0issue resolving approach for the vast range of circumstances\/concerns that they are likely to encounter” (Public Administration – The Profession and the Practice).<\/p>\n
Principles for Creating a Case Study Analysis<\/b><\/p>\n
Each case should focus on a\u00a0single<\/b>\u00a0issue\/situation clearly delineated in one or two sentences, at most, and separated from paragraphs so as to easily determine what it is we are about to address.<\/p>\n
A case study analysis must contain all the data necessary to arrive at a recommendation for resolution:<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Facts and events of the case<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Feelings, habits, attitudes, and expectations of the key stakeholders<\/p>\n
\u00b7 A clear description of the setting (time, place, and physical and social environment)<\/p>\n
Steps in Creating a Case Study<\/b><\/p>\n
1. Identify the Issue<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00b7 Must illustrate one or several specific principles.<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Will constitute the heart of the case study and thus influence all parts including how it is represented.<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Case studies are stories; they teach what stories teach – which happens to be what administrators most need to learn.<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Create an Outline of the Case Study<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Select facts and incidents that will be easily recognized and understood by participants.<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Organize these in a logical sequence. Remove any inflated or exaggerated components that might diminish the authenticity of the case.<\/p>\n
2. Identify the Stakeholders<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00b7 Clearly identify each stakeholder in terms of his\/her position.<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Write up the case study.<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Whether the case study is short or long, present a clear, concise, and coherent portrait of the stakeholders, events, and information.<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Use a writing style that is simple and direct – no long winded dissertations – one that speaks right to the reader.<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Occasionally include brief dialogues to create interest and allow readers to hear what the stakeholders in the case study have to say for themselves.<\/p>\n
\u00b7 In the case introduction, present your key stakeholders and provide information that clearly identifies him\/her\/them.\u00a0 Establish the relationship between the stakeholders and the issue under study. Include the organizational context.<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Recount events or incidents in chronological order.<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Occasionally use “flashbacks” to fill in gaps or heighten the sense of realism in the case. In certain case studies, you may have events overlap, occur simultaneously, or repeat themselves.<\/p>\n
\u00b7 In the concluding sentence or paragraph of the case study, point out the need for some form of action: a decision, a recommendation for resolution, a weighing of alternatives, or a combination of these.<\/p>\n
\u00b7 End with a bridge of some sort that leads from your case study presentation to participant discussion. Three types of conclusion are frequently used: 1) open-ended conclusion: the participants define the facts and problems, 2) directed conclusions: specific questions, tasks, or even a quiz following a case study, 3) closed conclusions: a textbook solution is provided at the end of the case study.<\/p>\n
3. Identify Stakeholder Perspectives<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00b7 Understand that public administration is politics – not the “obvious politics” of high stakes electioneering and policy making, but the “other politics” of small-scale, behind the scenes problems solving: the nature of administrative casework follows accordingly.<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Stories don’t come ready-made but must be formed through selection and shaping from the flow of events: “Case synthesis precedes case analysis.”<\/p>\n
\u00b7 Keep your eye on the entire set of interacting decision-makers and interlocking policies: it’s there you are most likely to find any lurking problems of\u00a0under-determination<\/b>.<\/p>\n
\u00b7 It’s usually helpful to break out the goals being pursued, the variables that must be modified to move toward the goals, and the criteria to be borne in mind when pursuing the goals; it’s in those criteria that problems of\u00a0over-determination<\/b>are likely to originate.<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0Remember Mile’s Law: “Where one stands depends on where one sits.”<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00b7 Search for the paradigm of the case, but expect departures from the underlying pattern; explore the progression of circumstances.<\/p>\n
4. Make a Recommendation<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00b7 Cases involve choices; in a democracy, choice demands justification, which further implies a process of dialogue and an effort at persuasion.<\/p>\n
\u00b7 An effective administrative analyst must be ready to “speak in tongues;” expect to work in a variety of idioms and vocabularies.<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0Most important of all: Trust your own experience and instincts!<\/b><\/p>\n
“It is the object of administrative study to discover, first, what government can properly and successfully do, and secondly, how it can do these proper things with the utmost possible efficiency and the least possible cost either of money or of energy.” –\u00a0Woodrow Wilson<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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