Case Assignment
\nPlease answer the following questions in a 2- to 3-page paper:
\n1\tA doctoral student is conducting a non-concurrent cohort study on the risk factors of a chronic disease. Tables 1 and 2 provide a summary of data that was collected on the 19,753 patients. Table 1 present the results of three Factors (A17, B24, C32)\u2014note that these are just variable names\u2014and they could represent variables such as age, race, sex, etc. Table two presents results by smoking level. Table 3 provides a summary of the multivariate analysis of the three variables and\u2014in this case since the outcome is dichotomous (i.e. either you have the disease or you don’t) we can use logistic regression model to study mulitple factors (such as A17 and different smoking levels) on the outcome and come up with adjusted Odds Ratios.
\nTable 1
\nRisk Factor Present\t\tRisk Factor Absent
\nFactor\tTotal\tPatients with Chronic Disease\tTotal\tPatients with
\nChronic Disease
\nFactor A17\t2785\t26\t16968\t170
\nFactor B24\t2009\t32\t17744\t164
\nFactor C32\t641\t13\t19112\t183
\nTable 2
\nTotal Patients\tNumber of Patients with Chronic Disease
\nSmoking
\nNone
\n1\u201310 cigarettes\/day
\n11\u201320 cigarettes\/day
\n21\u201330 cigarettes\/day
\n>30 cigarettes\/day\t5030
\n6061
\n4572
\n2999
\n1091\t15
\n21
\n43
\n56
\n61<\/p>\n
Table 3
\nMultivariate Analysis
\nFactor\tAdjusted OR\t95% CI
\nFactor A17\t0.86\t0.55\u20131.29
\nFactor B24\t1.50\t0.97\u20132.27
\nFactor C32\t1.98\t1.03\u20133.50
\nA\tWhich measure of association would you use for this study? Why?
\nB\tUsing bivariate analysis, calculate the measure of association between the chronic disease and the following theoretical risk factors: A17, B24, C32, and smoking (at the different exposure levels). Provide 95% confidence intervals.
\nC\tIn narrative form, provide a description of the results for the bivariate and multivariate analysis.
\nD\tProvide discussion and interpretation of the results from the bivariate and multivariate analysis. For the multivariate analysis explain why Odds Ratios are being used with Cohort data.
\n2\tA second doctoral student is conducting a case control study on risk factors for an infectious disease and has collected the data below. Using bivariate analysis, calculate the measure of association between the disease and risk factor studied for each level of exposure. Provide 95% confidence intervals. Provide an interpretation of the results.
\nFactor BF\tCase (n=186)\tControl (n=277)
\nNot Received
\nBrand Y
\nBrand X\u201450 mg
\nBrand X\u2014100 mg
\nBrand X\u2014200 mg\t15
\n11
\n28
\n46
\n86\t78
\n35
\n70
\n50
\n44
\n*If you do not have access to a statistical software package such as SPSS, the following are online calculators that can be used for this assignment: 1) Odds Ratio Calculator, 2) Relative Risk Calculator or An optional calculator is available at http:\/\/statpages.org\/ctab2x2.html
\nAssignment Expectations
\nLength: Case Assignments should be at least 3 pages (750 words) in length.
\nReferences: Any references used should be from academic sources and cited using APA format.
\nOrganization: Subheadings should be used to organize your paper according to question.
\nFormat: This assignment should be written in a scientific format (as in the “Results” section of a peer-reviewed study). APA format is required for all assignments at the Ph.D. level. See Syllabus page for more information on APA format.
\nGrammar and Spelling: While no points are deducted for minor errors, assignments are expected to adhere to standards guidelines of grammar, spelling, punctuation, and sentence syntax. Points may be deducted if grammar and spelling impact clarity.
\nThe following items will be assessed in particular:
\n\u2022\tRelevance\u2014all content is connected to the question.
\n\u2022\tPrecision\u2014specific question is addressed. Statements, facts, and statistics are specific and accurate.
\n\u2022\tDepth of discussion\u2014present and integrate points that lead to deeper issues.
\n\u2022\tEvidence\u2014points are well-supported with facts, statistics, and references.
\n\u2022\tLogic\u2014presented discussion makes sense; conclusions are logically supported by premises, statements, or factual information.
\n\u2022\tClarity\u2014writing is concise, understandable, and contains sufficient detail or examples.
\n\u2022\tObjectivity\u2014avoid use of first person and subjective bias.
\nAdditional expectations for the assignment:
\n1\tYour references and citations should be consistent with a particular formatting style, such as APA.
\n2\tYour response should be based on scholarly material, such as peer-reviewed articles, white papers, technical papers, etc. Do not include information from non-scholarly materials such as Wikis, encyclopedias, www.freearticles.com (or similar websites).
\n3\tYour response should incorporate the objectives of the module with the requirements of this assignment.
\nYour Case paper will be further evaluated based on the following criteria:
\n\u2022\tPrecision (Excellent; Good; Average; Poor)
\n\u25e6\tEach question and\/or assignment requirement is addressed in the paper.
\n\u25e6\tAccuracy of your answers, key points, and supporting discussion.
\n\u2022\tClarity (Excellent; Good; Average; Poor)
\n\u25e6\tThe paper is well organized, concise, reads clearly, and it is not confusing.
\n\u2022\tBreadth (Excellent; Good; Average; Poor)
\n\u25e6\tThe paper presents appropriate breadth covering the assignment questions\/requirements.
\n\u2022\tDepth (Excellent; Good; Average; Poor)
\n\u25e6\tPresents key points that lead to deeper matters and issues.
\n\u25e6\tIntegrates several points into coherent conclusions.
\n\u2022\tCritical Thinking (Excellent; Good; Average; Poor)
\n\u25e6\tThe paper demonstrates good understanding and synthesis of the module background material.
\n\u25e6\tLogically incorporates key concepts presented in the background material into the overall analyses, key points, and supporting discussions.
\n\u25e6\tPresents well-reasoned conclusions and positions as well as convincing arguments in support of the same.
\n\u2022\tWriting Mechanics
\n\u25e6\tGrammar (Excellent; Good; Average; Poor)
\n\u25e6\tSpelling (Excellent; Good; Average; Poor)
\n\u25e6\tVocabulary (Excellent; Good; Average; Poor)
\n\u25e6\tReferencing (Excellent; Good; Average; Poor)
\nAdditional considerations to keep in mind while working on your Case Assignments:
\n\u2022\tOriginality and Use of directly quoted material
\n\u25e6\tThe purpose of each assignment is for you to present your understanding and synthesis of the background material and key concepts. Accordingly, this must be accomplished substantially in your own words.
\n\u25e6\tUse directly quoted material sparingly and only when preserving the exact words of an author is necessary. For purposes of this course, rarely should directly quoted material represent more than 5\u201310 percent of your entire case paper\u2019s content. Composing a paper patched together from mostly quoted material is not acceptable.
\n\u25e6\tBe sure to properly reference all directly quoted material and include in-text citations.
\n\u2022\tGrades
\n\u25e6\tA paper that answers all assignment questions with good key points, well-supported discussions, and quality references will earn a solid \u201cB\u201d grade.
\n\u25e6\t\u201cA\u201d papers are exceptional works that go beyond just answering the questions by providing insightful answers.
\n4\tLimit response to a minimum of 6 pages.
\nDescriptive Epidemiologic Analysis
\nProvide a 3-page paper on the descriptive epidemiology of the disease\/condition selected in Module 1. Your descriptive analysis should provide a summary of the disease with respect to person, place, and time (see Module 2 Home page).
\nPlease upload this SLP component at the end of Module 2.
\nSLP Assignment Expectations
\nLength: This SLP assignment should be at least 3 pages (750 words) in length.
\nReferences: At least five references should be included from academic sources (e.g. peer-reviewed journal articles). All references need to be cited using APA format.
\nOrganization: Subheadings should be used to organize your paper according to question.
\nFormat: APA format is required for all assignments at the Ph.D. level. See Syllabus page for more information on APA format.
\nGrammar and Spelling: While no points are deducted for minor errors, assignments are expected to adhere to standards guidelines of grammar, spelling, punctuation, and sentence syntax. Points may be deducted if grammar and spelling impact clarity.
\nThe following items will be assessed in particular:
\n\u2022\tRelevance\u2014all content is connected to the question.
\n\u2022\tPrecision\u2014specific question is addressed. Statements, facts, and statistics are specific and accurate.
\n\u2022\tDepth of discussion (e.g. present and integrate points)
\n\u2022\tBreadth\u2014multiple perspectives and references, multiple issues\/factors considered.
\n\u2022\tEvidence\u2014points are well-supported with facts, statistics, and references.
\n\u2022\tLogic\u2014presented discussion makes sense; conclusions are logically supported by premises, statements, or factual information.
\n\u2022\tClarity\u2014writing is concise, understandable, and contains sufficient detail or examples.
\n\u2022\tObjectivity\u2014avoid use of first person and subjective bias.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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