Instructions for submission
\n\u2022 You must answer ALL questions for ALL case studies. To identify which question you answer, write Q1\/1 answer\u2026, Q1\/2 answer\u2026., and do not repeat\/copy the questions. This is requested to ensure you do not generate a high similarity score in Turnitin. Note that if we
\ncannot unambiguously identify the questions your answers address, or you repeat the
\nquestions in your answer sheet, we will not mark your submission .
\n\u2022 To show your understanding of the content and ensure that you are answering the questions asked (rather than adding all the information you can find about a topic (sample nursing essay examples by the best nursing assignment writing service)), we strongly suggest that your answers have a maximum of 250 words per question. Answers that are excessively long will be marked down as they do not clearly show your
\nunderstanding of the subject matter. Note that for some questions you can write well under 250 words and still appropriately answer them. Importantly, the quality of your answers does not get better if your answers are too long, state facts irrelevant to the question, or provide an answer to a question you would have liked to see.
\n\u2022 We are deliberately asking questions that make you reflect on and piece together information you have learnt throughout the semester. To get full marks, you will need to clearly demonstrate that you understood the learning material and are able to apply the acquired knowledge. When marking, we are looking for connections to be clearly stated, unambiguously written, and well-reasoned. We expect high-quality and convincing writing, where the meaning is clear, relevant terminology is used, and which reflects engagement with the unit. Do not be afraid of using dot points wherever you can; simple, concise, and clear writing is far superior to a word salad or to several paragraphs without essence.
\n\u2022 All questions can be answered based on what we have discussed in the lectures and workshops, and therefore no referencing is needed. However, if you present any information that has not been addressed\/discussed as part of the unit, you must indicate its source. Without indicating where such information has been sourced from, it will not be considered when marking
\nHints\/feedback from previous semesters
\n\u2022 Take care that your answers have the expected level of depth\u2014it will not be enough, for example, to state that \u2018drug X decreases blood pressure\u2019; we expect you to explain the mechanism of and describe the chain of events leading to the desired\/known effects.
\n\u2022 In the past some students had just simply replaced certain words in their text they copied from the internet\/textbooks. This is not paraphrasing but cheating (i.e., plagiarism). In addition, the \u2018replacement\u2019 words tend to alter the meaning and\/or may be inappropriate in the context of the answer.
\n\u2022 Any form of academic misconduct (e.g., plagiarism, collusion, or sloppy paraphrasing) will be subject to academic misconduct investigations resulting in mark deductions, cancellation of the assessment task, and\/or disciplinary hearings.
\nWe are particularly keen on seeing evidence of your critical thinking skills\u2014i.e., you are supposed to assess all information you obtain from various reliable sources (textbooks, lecture material, journal articles). Please be aware that just because Google suggests an answer, it does not mean that it is correct.
\nCASE STUDY ONE (25 marks)
\nMrs. G is an 87-year-old retired English teacher of 41 years and semi-professional piano player, who started playing early in her childhood. Unfortunately, after the death of her beloved husband, it became increasingly difficult to care for herself, and therefore Mrs. G\u2019s children made the difficult decision to move her into a retirement home to ensure that she was well-supported and adequately cared for.
\nOver the last month, the nursing staff at her retirement home have noticed a significant decline in Mrs. G\u2019s cognitive function involving short-term memory deficits, confusion, paranoia, and recurrent irritability. Her long-term memory, on the other hand, has not become an issue. Further to this, Mrs. G has also expressed that she had been experiencing difficulties when playing the piano. She reports feeling as though her hands are not able to move like they used to, making it challenging to play intricate songs. Mrs. G also demonstrates a loss of balance when walking around the retirement home, which makes it very difficult for her to participate in daily walks and fitness classes. Mrs. G\u2019s family doctor referred her to an MRI brain scan, which provided the results demonstrated in Figure 1 (see the image on the right). For comparison, Mrs. G\u2019s earlier scan is also provided (on the left), which was taken 15 years ago after she suffered a nasty head trauma.
\nFigure 1: MRI scan after head trauma 15 years ago (left) and most recent MRI scan (right)
\nQuestion 1 (4 marks)
\nName the disease that is most likely responsible for Mrs. G\u2019s clinical picture and articulate your rationale. In your answer, you are expected to make meaningful references to Mrs. G\u2019s MRI image and describe changes there that support your opinion about the nature of her pathology.
\nQuestion 2 (5 marks)
\nIn your own words and writing no more than five (5) short dot points, describe the pathogenesis of the disease you identified above.
\nQuestion 3 (1 mark)
\nOne of the medications Mrs. G has been prescribed is an acetylcholine esterase inhibitor. In your own words, explain how the pharmacodynamic properties of this medication help manage her condition.
\nQuestion 4 (1 mark)
\nIt is known that the bioavailability of the drug she has been prescribed with is 36%. She takes a tablet that contains 1.5 mg of the active ingredient twice a day. Determine the daily amount (mg) of active ingredient that reaches her systemic circulation. (Show your calculations.)
\nQuestion 5 (1 mark)
\nConsidering that 95% of the active ingredient is absorbed from her gastrointestinal system, determine the daily amount (mg) of the drug that undergoes first pass metabolism. (Show your calculations.)
\nCASE STUDY continued
\nOne sunny day, Mrs. G decides to go for a walk in the gardens of the retirement home, when she stumbles over a branch and falls. She feels excruciating pain in her hip. A fellow resident calls out to the nursing staff, and Mrs. G is taken to the emergency department at the Royal Melbourne Hospital. An X-ray reveals that she had hip fracture and must have surgery to repair it. Mrs. G wonders whether this is linked to the pain she had been experiencing in her left knee the last few years. The specialist explains to Mrs G that the pain in her left knee is due to loss of cartilage between bones at the knee joint and that the fracture might have been due to weakened bones. A blood test shows negative for rheumatoid factor. He tells her he would like her to have a bone mineral density test to measure her bone density. The DEXA scan gave a T-score of -3.0. Mrs. G is now given bisphosphonates and told to increase her daily intake of calcium and take vitamin D supplements.
\nQuestion 6 (5 marks)
\nName the most likely condition Mrs. G had on her left knee and list two clinical signs\/ symptoms of the condition that support your claim. Describe the pathogenesis of your diagnosed condition.
\nQuestion 7 (5 marks)
\nConsidering Mrs. G\u2019s T-score, identify the disease she suffers from, briefly describe the pathogenesis of this disease, describe the mechanism of action of bisphosphonate, and explain the benefits of this treatment in her present condition.
\nQuestion 8 (3 marks)
\nBased on its aetiology and considering Mrs. G\u2019s DEXA scan as well as the condition you identified under Question 6, identify the type of fracture she most likely suffered from as the result of her recent accident.
\nName and discuss changes in TWO physiological factors associated with aging that make bone fracture healing in elderly more difficult and slower than in younger individuals.
\nCASE STUDY 2 (8 marks)
\nHilda Wilde is a 45-year-old woman, who was diagnosed with asthma as a child. She recalls her first asthma attack being horrendous; chest tightness, breathing difficulty, wheezing, feeling anxious, and sweating profusely. She was rushed to and spent many days in hospital as a child until she managed to identify the triggers for her asthma attacks and control them early. The triggers she identified were cold temperature, pollen, smoky environment, and respiratory infection\/cold, which continue to be the triggers throughout her adult life. She also developed hay fever and an allergy to penicillin in her 20\u2019s, which didn\u2019t surprise her as her mum also had these conditions.
\nOne spring day, Hilda is traveling with her husband as she is finding herself stressed by her work. However, in the afternoon, a thunderstorm approaches and she quickly develops the wheeze and tightness she dreads. Her husband notices Hilda is struggling and helps her with her bronchodilator inhaler. However, Hilda\u2019s wheezing and shortness of breath does not ease off, even with her inhaler. She finds it hard to talk or get up and walk. Her lips start to turn blue. Hilda\u2019s husband rushes her to hospital where she is given corticosteroids. She is told she must stay in hospital a few days so that her condition can be monitored.
\nA few days later, Hilda\u2019s asthma is under control, and she is now discharged from hospital. She is told to take her preventer medication every day, even if she is feeling well.
\nQuestion 1 (4 marks)
\nHilda has been told to take her \u2018preventer\u2019 medication every day. o Name the broad drug category preventer medications belong to, describe their mechanism of action, and explain their benefits in Hilda\u2019s case. (2 marks)
\no Describe the benefit of topic (sample nursing essay examples by the best nursing assignment writing service)ally administered preventers in Hilda\u2019s case. (2 marks).
\nQuestion 2 (2 marks)
\nHilda has been advised about the possibility of oral thrush. Explain how Hilda can prevent oral thrush from occurring by discussing therapy options.
\nQuestion 3 (2 marks)
\nDescribe how the thunderstorm could have contributed to Hilda\u2019s asthma. In your answer you must discuss the link between allergen exposure and an asthma attack.
\nCASE STUDY 3 (16 marks)
\nBruce is a 47-year-old journalist, who decides to visit his doctor due to some gastrointestinal symptoms. At first, he experienced some minor abdominal pain and cramping, which was then followed by diarrhea, and therefore Bruce convinced himself that it was just a minor stomach bug. However, he had also been noticing that he\u2019d been getting sick more often recently. Weeks went by, and the diarrhea just increased in frequency, and he also experienced periods of constipation in between the diarrhea periods, which he found rather odd. In addition, instead of feeling better, he started to feel really fatigued. This had been going on for 8 months before his wife finally convinced him to make an appointment with his family doctor, who then referred him to a gastroenterologist. A couple of months later, when he finally goes to his specialist appointment, Bruce admits after questioning that he has had blood in his stool, but he didn\u2019t want to tell the doctor as he was embarrassed and didn\u2019t want to get checked for hemorrhoids. The gastroenterologist also asks many questions about Bruce\u2019s diet and his weight and discovers that Bruce has lost 15 kg in the past year despite eating a lot of hot chips and mashed potatoes \u2013 the only thing Bruce feels doesn\u2019t make his diarrhea worse. The gastroenterologist then tells Bruce he will need to perform a colonoscopy to investigate further.
\nAfter the colonoscopy, the surgeon tells Bruce that they found several polyps in his bowel, which is not necessarily a cause for concern as many polyps are benign, but they will have to wait on the results of the biopsies to make sure none of them were malignant. A week later the surgeon calls Bruce \u2013 the biopsy shows evidence that the growth is malignant and anaplastic, and that they can\u2019t rule out metastatic growths. Bruce is called back in for follow-up tests, and they find that there is an abnormal growth in his liver.
\nBruce is now sent to an oncologist, who recommends that he has surgery to remove any remaining polyps, a portion of his bowel, and the abnormal growth from his liver. Based on the advice from his oncologist, Bruce also decides to undergo chemotherapy treatment. Whilst doing some routine checks after his treatment, Bruce is informed he has neutropenia.
\nQuestion 1 (2 marks)
\nDefine and describe the terms malignant and anaplastic and discuss what this means for Bruce\u2019s prognosis
\nQuestion 2 (2 marks)
\nExplain why Bruce has an increased risk of infection due to his condition and its treatment.
\nQuestion 3 (3 marks)
\nExplain the rationale for Bruce\u2019s oncologist recommending chemotherapy in this instance and describe the mechanism of action of chemotherapeutic agents.
\nQuestion 4 (3 marks)
\nName the gene family p53 belongs to and describe possible consequences of p53 gene mutation(s).
\nCASE STUDY continued
\nBruce\u2019s friend Greg has been trying to support him throughout his journey. Greg is a 42-year-old ITspecialist, who suffers from Type II diabetes mellitus, which has been under control using an oral anti-hyperglycaemic medication and a reasonably healthy diet. Rather disturbingly, however, Greg has been experiencing numbness and some awkward tingling in his left foot recently.
\nQuestion 5 (4 marks)
\nAssuming that Greg\u2019s present symptoms are associated with his Type II diabetes mellitus, explain the link between:
\n\u2022 Type II diabetes mellitus and Greg\u2019s peripheral neuropathy (2 marks), and
\n\u2022 peripheral neuropathy and the potential for formation of leg ulcers (2 marks)
\nQuestion 6 (2 mark)
\nAlthough Greg takes an oral anti-hyperglycaemic medication, in the later stages of his condition, he may need to take insulin as well. Explain why insulin administration would be recommended in his case.
\nCASE STUDY 4 (11 Marks Total)
\nMaria is a 67-year-old retired, obese woman, who lives with her husband Max. She enjoys sitting down to a movie every night with a bottle of Shiraz and a large packet of salt and vinegar chips or tub of cookies and cream ice cream. Maria doesn\u2019t like to exercise, particularly since she gets chest pain upon exertion. Maria\u2019s father passed away from a heart attack at the age of 60. Maria\u2019s mother has type II diabetes and hypertension, which she controls with medications.
\nMaria has noticed that her chest pain has become more frequent and is lasting for a longer period of time. More recently, it has been occurring while she is watching television in the evening or whilst reading her book in bed. She decides to make an appointment with her GP for later in the week.
\nAt the medical clinic, the GP looks at Maria\u2019s medical history. She was diagnosed with hypertension four years ago, for which she was put on an ACE inhibitor. The GP worries about Maria\u2019s latest symptoms so writes a referral for her to see a cardiovascular specialist for an ECG and a coronary angiogram to determine why Maria has been short of breath and unwell.
\nOne day, whilst waiting for her results, Maria starts to feel more nauseous and dizzier than usual. She starts to feel clammy and sweaty, and her face seems grey in colour. The chest pain returns, but now feels like a crushing pain, and she can\u2019t breathe. Her husband, Max, dials 000, and she is rushed to hospital. An ECG shows that Maria has ST elevation, and a blood test indicates that she has high levels of myocardium-specific troponin in her blood. Maria is given heparin intravenously as well as aspirin and tissue plasminogen activator. She is taken into surgery, where a coronary angioplasty is performed.
\nQuestion 1 (5 marks)
\nBefore her current problems, Maria was prescribed with an ACE inhibitor for her hypertension. Explain the benefits of ACE inhibitor administration in the treatment of hypertension with specific emphasis on how this treatment reduces blood pressure.
\nQuestion 2 (3 marks)
\nMaria noticed that \u2018her chest pain has become more frequent and is lasting for a longer period of time\u2026\u2019 Name the condition Maria was most likely experiencing and explain its pathogenesis.
\nQuestion 3 (3 marks)
\nConsidering her clinical symptoms and laboratory findings, name the condition Maria is suffering from when admitted to the hospital and explain the benefits of tissue plasminogen activator administration in her present state.
\nEND OF ASSESSMENT
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Instructions for submission \u2022 You must answer ALL questions for ALL case studies. To identify which question you answer, write Q1\/1 answer\u2026, Q1\/2 answer\u2026., and\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8826,4791,8827,8828,7643,7642,7645,7644],"tags":[3959,7839,7838,8832,7841,630,7840,6,8834,435,8833,3953,8829,2447,2776,7842,7843,8831,8830],"class_list":["post-94456","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-assessment-australia","category-assessment-brief-task-help","category-australia-essays","category-criminology-homework-help","category-custom-same-day-essays","category-custom-writings-writers","category-do-my-essay-mla-format","category-write-my-paper-hub-writers","tag-best-dissertation-writing-service-uk","tag-best-essay-writing-services","tag-best-thesis-writing-services","tag-business-report-writing-services","tag-cheap-custom-essay-writing-service","tag-college-paper-writing-service","tag-custom-essay-writing-services","tag-medical-research-paper-writing-service","tag-paid-report-writing","tag-professional-thesis-writing-service","tag-report-writer-online-free","tag-report-writing-service","tag-report-writing-services","tag-research-paper-writer-online","tag-research-paper-writing-service-free","tag-thesis-writing-service-online","tag-thesis-writing-service-uk","tag-write-my-report-for-me","tag-write-my-report-free"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94456","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=94456"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94456\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94456"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=94456"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studyproessays.com\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=94456"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}