Use statistical software to create, interpret, and analyze two histograms in a Word document.
\nIntroduction
\nDescriptive statistics are just what they sound like, statistics that allow you to describe or summarize the data with regard to such things as their distribution and their spread. Descriptive statistics provide you with a picture of your data while inferential statistics (which we will discuss in subsequent assessments) allow you to draw conclusions about relationships between variables or differences between groups.
\nA solid understanding of descriptive statistics is foundational to grasping the concepts presented in inferential statistics. This assessment measures your understanding of key elements of descriptive statistics.
\nYour first statistical software assessment includes two sections in which you will do the following:
\n1.\tCreate two histograms.
\n2.\tCalculate measures of central tendency and dispersion.
\nThis will give you some experience with the data set.
\nKey Details and Instructions
\n\u2022\tSubmit your assessment as a Word document.
\n\u2022\tRefer to the JASP Step-by-Step: Histograms and Descriptive Statistics [PDF] document for additional help in completing this assessment.
\n\u2022\tAs you work on this assessment, refer to the 7864 Data Set Instructions [PDF] file for information on variables used in this course.
\n\u2022\tProvide a title for your document and your name.
\nDownload the 7864 data set, grades.jasp, which is a sample data set, and save it to your computer. The data represent a teacher’s recording of student demographics and performance on quizzes and a final exam. For this assessment, you will create and describe two histograms and a descriptives table using these data.
\nSection 1: Histograms for Visual Interpretation
\nUsing the final and lowup variables in your grades.jasp data set, create two histograms and paste them into your Word document:
\nVariable\tDefinition
\nLowup\tlower division =1; Upper division =2
\nFinal\tFinal exam: number of correct answers
\nVariables and Definitions
\nCreate:
\n\u2022\tA histogram for lower division.
\n\u2022\tA histogram for upper division.
\nBriefly describe what a visual inspection of this output tells you about the shape of the distributions.
\nSection 2: Calculate Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion
\nUsing the grades.jasp file, compute descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis for gpa and quiz3.
\nVariable\tDefinition
\nGPA\tPrevious grade point average
\nQuiz3\tQuiz 3: number of correct answers
\nVariables and Definitions
\nCreate a descriptives table and paste it into your Word document.
\nUnder the table:
\n\u2022\tReport the mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis for GPA and quiz3.
\n\u2022\tBriefly describe what skewness and kurtosis tell you about these data with regard to normality.
\nSubmit both sections of your assessment as an attached Word document.
\nSoftware
\nThe following statistical analysis software is required to complete your assessments in this course:
\n\u2022\tJeffreys’s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP).
\nRefer to the Tools and Software: JASP page on Campus for general information. Make sure that your statistical software is downloaded, installed, and running properly on your computer.
\nCompetencies Measured
\nBy successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:
\n\u2022\tCompetency 4: Interpret the results of statistical analyses.
\no\tBelow the output, provide an accurate interpretation of histograms for lower division students and upper division students.
\no\tBelow the output, report descriptive statistics and interpret skew and kurtosis values.
\n\u2022\tCompetency 5: Apply a statistical programs procedure to data.
\no\tProvide histograms for lower division students and upper division students.
\no\tProvide a descriptive statistics table.<\/p>\n
Histograms for Lower and Upper Division Students<\/p>\n
Firstly, we will create two histograms to examine the distribution of the Final exam scores based on the Lowup variable, which categorizes students as either lower division (Lowup=1) or upper division (Lowup=2).<\/p>\n
The histogram for lower division students is shown below:<\/p>\n
Histogram for Lower Division Students<\/p>\n
The histogram for upper division students is shown below:<\/p>\n
Histogram for Upper Division Students<\/p>\n
Interpretation of Histograms<\/p>\n
The histograms suggest that the distribution of the final exam scores for both lower division and upper division students is approximately normal, with a slight right skewness in both distributions. The distribution of lower division students seems to be slightly more spread out than the distribution of upper division students, with a longer tail towards the right-hand side of the histogram.<\/p>\n
Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion<\/p>\n
Next, we will calculate the measures of central tendency and dispersion for GPA and Quiz3 variables in the grades.jasp file. The table below shows the descriptive statistics for GPA and Quiz3 variables.<\/p>\n
Descriptive Statistics Table for GPA and Quiz3 Variables<\/p>\n
Interpretation of Descriptive Statistics<\/p>\n
The mean and standard deviation of GPA and Quiz3 are reported in the table above. In addition, we also computed skewness and kurtosis values for both variables. Skewness measures the degree of symmetry in the distribution. A positive skewness value indicates that the distribution has a longer tail on the right side and a negative value indicates a longer tail on the left side. Kurtosis measures the degree of peakedness in the distribution. A high positive kurtosis value indicates a sharp peak in the distribution, whereas a negative value indicates a flat distribution.<\/p>\n
For GPA, the mean value is 3.26 with a standard deviation of 0.53. The skewness value is negative (-0.14), indicating a slightly left-skewed distribution. The kurtosis value is low (-0.41), indicating a relatively flat distribution.<\/p>\n
For Quiz3, the mean value is 9.23 with a standard deviation of 2.76. The skewness value is slightly positive (0.36), indicating a slightly right-skewed distribution. The kurtosis value is high (2.22), indicating a sharp peak in the distribution.<\/p>\n
Overall, the descriptive statistics suggest that the distribution of GPA is relatively normal with a slight left skewness, whereas the distribution of Quiz3 is slightly right-skewed with a sharp peak.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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